FRICTION

SampleProblemsandsolutions
PROBLEMS
5.Averticaltwostartthreadedscrewofa100mmmeandiameterand20mm
pitchsupportsaverticalloadof18KN.Theaxialthrustonthescrewistakenby
acollarbearingof250mmoutsidediameterand100mminsidediameter.Find
theforcerequiredattheendofaleverwhichis400mmlonginordertoliftand
lowertheload.Thecoefficientoffrictionfortheverticalscrewandnutis0.15
andthatforthecollarbearingis0.20.
Solution
meandiameter(d)=100mm
pitchofthescrew(p)=20mm
=tan=coefficientoffrictionofthescrewandthenut=0.15

l=lengthoftheleverarm=400mm
W=load=18kN
Weknowthat,

2 20

3.14 100
0.1273

Forcerequiredtolifttheload:
Weknowthatforcerequiredatthecircumferenceofthescrew(P),

18 10

18 10

18 10

0.15
1

0.1273

0.15 0.1273

0.2773

1 0.019095
0.2773

0.980905

18 10 0.2826
5088

Totaltorque,

5088 50

254400

569400

0.20 18 10 87.5
315000

Totalforce,

569400

400
1423.5N

1423N

Forcerequiredattheendoflevertolifttheloadis1423N

Forcerequiredtolowertheload:

Weknowthattheforcerequiredatthecircumferenceofthescrew(P),

18 10

18 10

18 10

0.15
1

0.1273

0.15 0.1273

0.0227

1 0.019095

0.0227

1.019095

18 10 0.02227
400

Totaltorque,

400 50

0.20 18 10 87.5

20000

335000

315000

Totalforce

=838N

Forcerequiredattheendoflevertolowertheloadis838N.
6.Asluicegateweighing18kNisraisedandloweredbymeansofsquarethreaded
screws,asshowninfig.Thefrictionalresistanceinducedbywaterpressureagainst
thegatewhenitisinitslowestpositionis4000N.
Theoutsidediameterofthescrewis60mmandpitchis10mm.Theoutsideandinside
diameterofwasheris150mmand50mmrespectively.Thecoefficientoffriction
betweenthescrewandnutis0.1andforthewasherandseatis0.12.Find:
1. Themaximumforcetobeexertedattheendsoftheleverforraisingand
loweringthegate.

2. Efficiencyofthearrangement.

Solution:
Given,
W=18kN=18000N
Outerdiameter(d0)=60mm
Pitchofthescrew=10mm
D1=150mm;D2=50mm
R1=75mm;R2=25mm
=tan=coefficientoffrictionbetweenscrewandnut=0.1
1=coefficientoffrictionbetweenwasherandseat=0.12

Themeandiameterofthescrew,
d=d0(p/2)
=605=55mm.
tan=

=0.0578
Forcerequiredtoraisetheload:
Theforcerequiredatthecircumferenceofthescrew,
P=Wtan(

=18*103

.
.

=18*103*0.1587

=2856N
Themeanradius,
R=R1+R2/2
=100/2=50mm.
Totaltorquerequired,
T=(P*d/2)+(

1*W*R)+frictionalresistance

=(2856*55/2)+(0.12*18*103*50)+4000*25
=78540+108000+100000
=286540Nmm
Themaximumforcetobeexertedattheendofthelever,

T=P1*l
P1=T/l
P1=286540/(2*103)
=143N
Forcerequiredtolowertheload:
Theforcerequiredatthecircumferenceofthescrew,

=18*103

.
.

=755N.
Totaltorquerequired,
T=(P*d/2)+(

1*W*R)+frictionalresistance

=(755*55/2)+(0.12*18*103*50)+4000*25
=20762+108000+100000
=228762Nmm
Themaximumforcetobeexertedattheendofthelever,
T=P1*l
P1=T/l
P1=228762/(2*103)
=114N

2.Efficiency( )=

=T0/T
=

=
=

.
.

(P0=Wtan)

.
.

*100

=15.4%
7.Thespindleofascrewjackhassinglestartsquarethreadswithanoutside
diameterof45mmandapitchof10mm.Thespindlemovesinafixednut.The
loadiscarriedonaswivelheadbutisnotfreetorotate.Thebearingsurfaceof
theswivelheadhasthemeandiameterof60mm.Thecoefficientoffriction
betweenthenutandscrewis0.12andthatbetweentheswivelheadandthe
spindleis0.10.Calculatetheloadwhichcanberaisedbyeffortsof100Neach
appliedattheendoftwoleverseachofeffectivelengthof350mm.Also
determinethevelocityratioandtheefficiencyoftheliftingarrangement.

Solution:
Given,
Outsidediameter(d0)=45mm
Pitchofscrew(p)=10mm
Meandiameterofswivelheadis60mm.

=coefficientoffrictionbetweenscrewandnut=0.12
1=coefficientoffrictionbetweenswivelheadandspindle=0.10
Effortsapplied(P)=100N
Lengthofthelever(l)=350mm
Themeandiameterofthescrew,
d=d0(p/2)

=455=40mm.
tan=

100

=0.0795
Theforcerequiredatthecircumferenceofthescrew,
P=Wtan(

100=W

.
.

W=552N
Thevelocityratio,

Velocityratio(V.R)=

=
=

=(2*350)/(0.0795*40)
=220N
Efficiency( )=
=

=0.0795(10.0795*0.12)/(0.0795+0.12)
=0.394=39.4%

,
,