Modern Database Management, 11e (Hoffer et al.

)
Chapter 1 The Database Environment and Development Process
1) One application of data warehouses is:
A) shipping of information.
B) order processing.
C) decision support.
D) file updating.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref:
!opic: "ntroduction
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
&) Older s%stems that often contain data of poor 'ualit% are called (((((((( s%stems.
A) controlled
B) legac%
C) data)ase
D) mainframe
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref:
!opic: "ntroduction
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Con*ersion Costs
3) A data)ase is an organi+ed collection of (((((((( related data.
A) logicall%
B) ph%sicall%
C) loosel%
D) )adl%
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: ,
!opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
) -hich of the following t%pes of data can )e stored in a data)ase.
A) /oice
B) 0etters
C) 1um)ers
D) All of the a)o*e
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: ,
!opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Data
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,) Data processed in a wa% that increases a user8s 2nowledge is:
A) te9t.
B) graphics
C) information.
D) h%perlin2.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: :
!opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Data /ersus "nformation
:) Data that descri)e the properties of other data are:
A) relationships.
B) logical.
C) ph%sical.
D) none of the a)o*e.
Answer: D
Diff: & Page Ref: ;
!opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: <etadata
;) All of the following are properties of metadata 6=C6P!:
A) data definitions.
B) processing logic.
C) rules or constraints.
D) data structures.
Answer: B
Diff: & Page Ref: ;
!opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: <etadata
>) One disad*antage of file processing s%stems is:
A) reduced data duplication.
B) program?data independence.
C) limited data sharing.
D) enforcement of integrit% constraints.
Answer: C
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!opic: !raditional Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
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@) Program?data dependence is caused )%:
A) file descriptors )eing stored in each application.
B) data descriptions )eing stored on a ser*er.
C) data descriptions )eing written into programming code.
D) data coha)iting with programs.
Answer: A
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!opic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Program?Data Dependence
15) Because applications are often de*eloped independentl% in file processing s%stems:
A) the data is alwa%s non?redundant.
B) unplanned duplicate data files are the rule rather than the e9ception.
C) data can alwa%s )e shared with others.
D) there is a large *olume of file "BO.
Answer: B
Diff: & Page Ref: @
!opic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Duplication of Data
11) Organi+ations that utili+e the file processing approach spend as much as (((((((( of their "#
de*elopment )udget on maintenance.
A) 5 percent
B) &, percent
C) :5 percent
D) >5 percent
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: @
!opic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 69cessi*e Program <aintenance
1&) A graphical s%stem used to capture the nature and relationships among data is called aCn):
A) logical data model.
B) h%perte9t graphic.
C) 6RD.
D) data model.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Data <odels
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13) A person3 place3 an o)Dect 3 an e*ent or concept a)out which the organi+ation wishes to
maintain data is called aCn):
A) relationship.
B) o)Dect.
C) attri)ute.
D) entit%.
Answer: D
Diff: & Page Ref: 15
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Data <odels
1) (((((((( are esta)lished )etween entities in a well?structured data)ase so that the desired
information can )e retrie*ed.
A) 6ntities
B) Relationships
C) 0ines
D) !ies
Answer: B
Diff: & Page Ref: 15
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Data <odels
1,) Relational data)ases esta)lish the relationships )etween entities )% means of common fields
included in a file called aCn):
A) entit%.
B) relationship.
C) relation.
D) association.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Relational Data)ases
1:) All of the following are primar% purposes of a data)ase management s%stem CDB<#)
6=C6P!:
A) creating data.
B) updating data.
C) storing data.
D) pro*iding an integrated de*elopment en*ironment.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 11
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Data)ase <anagement #%stems

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1;) ACn) (((((((( is often de*eloped )% identif%ing a form or report that a user needs on a
regular )asis.
A) enterprise *iew
B) reporting document
C) user *iew
D) user snapshot
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mpro*ed Data #haring
1>) -ith the data)ase approach3 data descriptions are stored in a central location 2nown as aCn):
A) ser*er.
B) mainframe.
C) PC.
D) repositor%.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Program?Data "ndependence
1@) A user *iew is:
A) what a user sees when he or she loo2s out the window.
B) a ta)le or set of ta)les.
C) a logical description of some portion of the data)ase.
D) a procedure stored on the ser*er.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mpro*ed Data #haring
&5) -hich organi+ational function should set data)ase standards.
A) <anagement
B) Application de*elopment
C) !echnical ser*ices
D) 1one of the a)o*e
Answer: D
Diff: & Page Ref: 13
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nforcement of #tandards
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&1) (((((((( is a tool e*en non?programmers can use to access information from a data)ase.
A) ODBC
B) #tructured 'uer% language
C) A#P
D) Data manipulation 'uer% language
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mpro*ed Data Accessi)ilit% and Responsi*eness
&&) -hich of the following is 1O! an ad*antage of data)ase s%stems.
A) Redundant data
B) Program?data independence
C) Better data 'ualit%
D) Reduced program maintenance
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13?1
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
&3) !he most common source of data)ase failures in organi+ations is:
A) lac2 of planning.
B) inade'uate )udget.
C) inade'uate hardware.
D) failure to implement a strong data)ase administration function.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 13?1
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%3 Anal%tic #2ills3 Communication
#u)topic: 6nforcement of #tandards
&) A rule that CA11O! )e *iolated )% data)ase users is called a:
A) password.
B) constraint.
C) program.
D) *iew.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mpro*ed Data Eualit%
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&,) "n a file processing en*ironment3 descriptions for data and the logic for accessing the data are
)uilt into:
A) application programs.
B) data)ase descriptors.
C) fields.
D) records.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Reduced Program <aintenance
&:) Data)ases ma% )e more e9pensi*e to maintain than files )ecause of:
A) the need for speciali+ed personnel.
B) the comple9it% of the data)ase en*ironment.
C) )ac2up and reco*er% needs.
D) all of the a)o*e.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1,?1:
!opic: Costs and Ris2s of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
&;) -hich of the following is 1O! a cost andBor ris2 of the data)ase approach.
A) #peciali+ed personnel
B) Cost of con*ersion
C) "mpro*ed responsi*eness
D) Organi+ational conflict
Answer: C
Diff: & Page Ref: 1,3 1:
!opic: Costs and Ris2s of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
&>) !he need for consensus on data definitions is an e9ample of which t%pe of ris2 in the
data)ase en*ironment.
A) #peciali+ed personnel needs
B) Organi+ational conflict
C) Con*ersion costs
D) 0egac% s%stems
Answer: B
Diff: & Page Ref: 1:
!opic: Costs and Ris2s of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Communication3 6thical Reasoning
#u)topic: Organi+ational Conflict
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&@) A 2nowledge )ase of information on facts a)out an enterprise is called aCn):
A) enterprise information s%stem.
B) repositor%.
C) s%stems information unit.
D) data)ase process.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Components of the Data)ase 6n*ironment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
35) -hich of the following is software used to create3 maintain3 and pro*ide controlled access to
data)ases.
A) 1etwor2 operating s%stem
B) $ser *iew
C) Data)ase management s%stem CDB<#)
D) Attri)ute
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Components of the Data)ase 6n*ironment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
31) A centrali+ed 2nowledge )ase of all data definitions3 data relationships3 screen and report
formats3 and other s%stem components is called aCn):
A) inde9.
B) data warehouse.
C) repositor%.
D) data)ase management s%stem.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Components of the Data)ase 6n*ironment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
3&) CA#6 is a class of tools that:
A) assists the data)ase administrator in maintaining a data)ase.
B) pro*ides guidelines for the ph%sical design of a data)ase.
C) pro*ides management reporting tools.
D) automates the design of data)ases and application programs.
Answer: D
Diff: & Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Components of the Data)ase 6n*ironment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
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33) 0anguages3 menus3 and other facilities )% which users interact with the data)ase are
collecti*el% called aCn):
A) client.
B) user interface.
C) icon.
D) de*elopment en*ironment.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Components of the Data)ase 6n*ironment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
3) Data)ase de*elopment )egins with ((((((((3 which esta)lishes the range and general
contents of organi+ational data)ases.
A) data)ase design
B) cross?functional anal%sis
C) departmental data modeling
D) enterprise data modeling
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills
3,) !he traditional methodolog% used to de*elop3 maintain and replace information s%stems is
called the:
A) 6nterprise Resource <odel.
B) #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle.
C) $nified <odel.
D) #%stems Deplo%ment 0ife C%cle.
Answer: B
Diff: & Page Ref: 1>
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills
#u)topic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
3:) !he #D0C phase in which e*er% data attri)ute is defined3 e*er% categor% of data is listed and
e*er% )usiness relationship )etween data entities is defined is called the (((((((( phase.
A) planning
B) design
C) anal%sis
D) implementation
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &5
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
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3;) !he #D0C phase in which data)ase processing programs are created is the (((((((( phase.
A) planning
B) design
C) anal%sis
D) implementation
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &1
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
3>) !he #D0C phase in which the detailed conceptual data model is created is the ((((((((
phase.
A) planning
B) design
C) anal%sis
D) implementation
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &5
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
3@) Organi+ing the data)ase in computer dis2 storage is done in the (((((((( phase.
A) design
B) maintenance
C) anal%sis
D) implementation
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &5
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
5) An iterati*e methodolog% that rapidl% repeats the anal%sis3 design3 and implementation
phases of the #D0C is called:
A) CA#6.
B) CAD.
C) RAD.
D) <#!.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &1
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Alternati*e "# De*elopment Approaches
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1) One of the most popular RAD methods is:
A) automated design.
B) structured wal2through.
C) protot%ping.
D) crafting.
Answer: C
Diff: & Page Ref: &1
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Alternati*e "# De*elopment Approaches
&) !he three?schema approach includes which of the following schemas.
A) "nternal
B) 0ogical
C) Cross?functional
D) Dissecting
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &3
!opic: !hree?#chema Architecture for Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
3) (((((((( anal%+e the )usiness situation and identif% the need for information and
information ser*ices to meet the pro)lems or opportunities of the )usiness.
A) Programmers
B) $sers
C) #%stems anal%sts
D) Data)ase anal%sts
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &
!opic: <anaging the People "n*ol*ed in Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
) (((((((( concentrate on determining the re'uirements for the data)ase component of an
information s%stem.
A) Data)ase anal%sts
B) #%stems anal%sts
C) Programmers
D) All of the a)o*e
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &
!opic: <anaging the People "n*ol*ed in Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
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,) 6. A. Codd de*eloped the relational model in the:
A) 1@:5s.
B) 1@;5s.
C) 1@>5s.
D) 1@@5s.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &,
!opic: 6*olution of Data)ase #%stems
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
:) -hich of the following is 1O! an o)Decti*e that dro*e the de*elopment and e*olution of
data)ase technolog%.
A) !he need to pro*ide greater independence )etween programs and data
B) !he desire to manage increasing comple9 data t%pes and structures
C) !he desire to re'uire programmers to write all file handling functionalit%
D) !he need to pro*ide e*er more powerful platforms for decision support applications
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: &,
!opic: 6*olution of Data)ase #%stems
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
;) !he period that can )e considered a Fproof of conceptF time was the:
A) 1@,5s.
B) 1@:5s.
C) 1@;5s.
D) 1@@5s.
Answer: B
Diff: & Page Ref: &,
!opic: 6*olution of Data)ase #%stems
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
>) A relati*el% small team of people who colla)orate on the same proDect is called aCn):
A) ser*er group.
B) wor2group.
C) data colla)orati*e.
D) t%pical arrangement.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &@
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: !wo?!ier ClientB#er*er Data)ases
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@) A wor2group data)ase is stored on a central de*ice called aCn):
A) client.
B) ser*er.
C) remote PC.
D) networ2.
Answer: B
Diff: & Page Ref: &@
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: !wo?!ier ClientB#er*er Data)ases
,5) -hich of the following is an integrated decision support data)ase with content deri*ed from
*arious operational data)ases.
A) Corporate data structure
B) Relational DB<#
C) Data warehouse
D) Client?ser*er s%stem
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nterprise Applications
,1) A data warehouse deri*es its data from:
A) on?line transactions.
B) *arious operational data sources.
C) reports.
D) a datamart.
Answer: B
Diff: & Page Ref: 31
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nterprise Applications
,&) -hich of the following will interfere with access to operational data)ases.
A) $nstructured and unpredicta)le use of data
B) Predicta)le use of data
C) 6fficient transaction processing s%stems
D) All of the a)o*e
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 33
!opic: De*eloping a Data)ase Application for Pine /alle% Aurniture
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: A Current Pine /alle% Aurniture Compan% ProDect Re'uest
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,3) "nformation is processed data.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: :
!opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
,) "n practice3 data)ases toda% ma% contain either data or information.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: ;
!opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
,,) <etadata are data that descri)e the properties of other data.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: ;
!opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: <etadata
,:) Data)ases were de*eloped as the first application of computers to data processing.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: >
!opic: !raditional Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
,;) Aile processing s%stems ha*e )een replaced )% data)ase s%stems in most critical )usiness
applications toda%.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: >
!opic: !raditional Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
,>) $nplanned duplicate data files are the rule rather than the e9ception in file processing
s%stems.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: @
!opic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Duplication of Data
,@) -ith the traditional file processing approach3 each application shares data files3 thus ena)ling
much data sharing.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: @
!opic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 0imited Data #haring
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:5) De*elopment starts from scratch with the traditional file processing approach )ecause new
file formats3 descriptions3 and file access logic must )e designed for each new program.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: @
!opic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 0ength% De*elopment !imes
:1) Organi+ations that utili+e the file processing approach spend onl% &5 percent of de*elopment
time on maintenance.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: @
!opic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 69cessi*e Program <aintenance
:&) <an% of the disad*antages of file processing s%stems can also )e limitations of data)ases.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: @
!opic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
:3) A data model is a graphical s%stem used to capture the nature and relationships among data.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Data <odels
:) A well?structured data)ase esta)lishes the entities )etween relationships in order to deri*e the
desired information.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Data <odels
:,) A person is an e9ample of an entit%.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Data <odels
1,
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::) !he data that %ou are interested in capturing a)out an entit% is called an instance.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: 15
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Data <odels
:;) A relational data)ase esta)lishes the relationships )etween entities )% means of a common
field.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Relational Data)ases
:>) #eparation of metadata from application programs that use the data is called data
independence.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Program?Data "ndependence
:@) Data redundanc% is used to esta)lish relationships )etween data )ut is ne*er used to impro*e
data)ase performance.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 13
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Planned Data Redundanc%
;5) Redundanc% increases the ris2 of inconsistent data.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: 13
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mpro*ed Data Consistenc%
;1) A user *iew is how the user sees the data when it is produced.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: 13
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mpro*ed Data #haring
1:
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;&) One reason for impro*ed application de*elopment producti*it% with the data)ase approach is
that file design and low?le*el implementation details do not need to )e handled )% the
application programmer.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: 13
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "ncreased Producti*it% of Application De*elopment
;3) !he data repositor% assists data)ase administrators in enforcing standards.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 133 1
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nforcement of #tandards
;) !he failure to implement a strong data)ase administrati*e function is the most common
source of data)ase failures in organi+ations.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: 1
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: 6nforcement of #tandards
;,) A constraint is a rule in a data)ase s%stem that can )e *iolated )% users.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mpro*ed Data Eualit%
;:) 6nd users can often retrie*e and displa% data easil% with a relational data)ase.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mpro*ed Data Accessi)ilit% and Responsi*eness
;;) Reduced program maintenance is an ad*antage of file processing s%stems.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1
!opic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Reduced Program <aintenance
1;
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;>) Cost and comple9it% are Dust two of the disad*antages of data)ase processing.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: 1,
!opic: Costs and Ris2s of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
;@) !he term legacy system refers to a newl% installed data)ase management s%stem.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: 1,
!opic: Costs and Ris2s of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Con*ersion Costs
>5) A modern data)ase management s%stem automates more of the )ac2up and reco*er% tas2s
than a file s%stem.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1:
!opic: Costs and Ris2s of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 1eed for 69plicit Bac2up and Reco*er%
>1) Organi+ational commitment to a data)ase proDect is not necessar% for its success.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: 1:
!opic: Costs and Ris2s of the Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Organi+ational Conflict
>&) Repositories are alwa%s used in file processing s%stems.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Components of the Data)ase 6n*ironment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
>3) !he user interface includes languages3 menus3 and other facilities )% which users interact
with *arious s%stem components.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Components of the Data)ase 6n*ironment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
1>
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>) Personal data)ases are designed to support a small group of indi*iduals wor2ing together on
a proDect.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: &>
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Personal Data)ases
>,) Data)ase de*elopment )egins with the design of the data)ase.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills
>:) An enterprise data model descri)es the scope of data for onl% one information s%stem.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1;
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
>;) Data)ase de*elopment proDects are ne*er done in a )ottom?up fashion.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: 1>
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
>>) !he s%stems de*elopment life c%cle is the traditional methodolog% used to de*elop3 maintain3
and replace information s%stems.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1>
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
>@) !he steps of the s%stems de*elopment life c%cle can onl% )e *iewed as a linear process.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: 1>
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills
#u)topic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
@5) 6nterprise modeling sets the range and general contents of organi+ational data)ases.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1@
!opic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Planning ? 6nterprise <odeling
1@
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@1) All proDects mo*e from the planning?enterprise modeling step to the planning?conceptual
data modeling step of the s%stems de*elopment life c%cle.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: 1@
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
@&) !he repositor% is populated during the anal%sis phase of the s%stems de*elopment life c%cle.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: &5
!opic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Anal%sis ? Conceptual Data <odel
@3) !he ph%sical structure and storage organi+ation of the data)ase is decided upon during the
implementation phase of the s%stems de*elopment life c%cle.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: &5
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
@) Data)ase processing programs are coded and tested during the design stage of the s%stems
de*elopment life c%cle.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: &1
!opic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Design ? 0ogical Data)ase Design
@,) Data from prior s%stems is con*erted to the new s%stem during the implementation phase of
the s%stems de*elopment life c%cle.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &1
!opic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mplementation ? Data)ase "mplementation
@:) Data)ase maintenance is t%picall% the longest step of the data)ase de*elopment process.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &1
!opic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: <aintenance ? Data)ase <aintenance
&5
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@;) Characteristics of the structure of the data)ase are generall% changed during the
implementation phase of the data)ase de*elopment process.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: &1
!opic: #%stems De*elopment 0ife C%cle
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: "mplementation ? Data)ase "mplementation
@>) Protot%ping is a t%pe of rapid application de*elopment.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &1
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Alternati*e "# De*elopment Approaches
@@) "n protot%ping3 implementation and maintenance acti*ities are repeated as necessar% until the
product is correct.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: &1
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills3 $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Alternati*e "# De*elopment Approaches
155) /isual programming tools such as /isual Basic ha*e made protot%ping more difficult.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &&
!opic: Data)ase De*elopment Process
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Alternati*e "# De*elopment Approaches
151) "n 1@@>3 A1#"B#PARC pu)lished an import document descri)ing the three?schema
architecture.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &3
!opic: !hree?#chema Architecture for Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
15&) !he conceptual schema is alwa%s technolog% specific.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: &3
!opic: !hree?#chema Architecture for Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
&1
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153) !he e9ternal schema contains a su)set of the conceptual schema rele*ant to a particular
group of users.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: &3
!opic: !hree?#chema Architecture for Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
15) A ph%sical schema contains the specifications for how data from a conceptual schema are
stored in a computer8s secondar% memor%.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &3
!opic: !hree?#chema Architecture for Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
15,) !he internal schema consists of the ph%sical schema and the enterprise data model.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: &3
!opic: !hree?#chema Architecture for Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
15:) #%stems anal%sts wor2 directl% with )oth management and users to anal%+e the )usiness
situation and de*elop detailed proDect specifications.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: &
!opic: <anaging the People "n*ol*ed in Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
15;) Data)ase architects esta)lish standards for data in )usiness units.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: &
!opic: <anaging the People "n*ol*ed in Data)ase De*elopment
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
15>) 6. A. Codd de*eloped the relational data model during the 1@;5s.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &,
!opic: 6*olution of Data)ase #%stems
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
15@) !he relational data model is no longer popular in the &1
st
centur%.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &,
!opic: 6*olution of Data)ase #%stems
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
&&
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115) Although personal data)ases impro*e producti*it%3 one ris2 is that data cannot )e shared
with other users.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: &>
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: Personal Data)ases
111) !he most common wa% to support a group of indi*iduals who wor2 together on a proDect or
group of similar proDects is with a two?tier clientBser*er data)ase.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: &@
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: !wo?!ier ClientB#er*er Data)ases
11&) 6ach mem)er of a wor2group accesses data located on a data)ase ser*er.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: &@
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: !wo?!ier ClientB#er*er Data)ases
113) "n two?tier data)ase architectures3 little functionalit% needs to )e programmed into the client
application.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: &@
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: <ultitier ClientB#er*er Data)ases
11) Applications )uilt with a multitier architecture are meant to support departments.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: &@
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: <ultitier ClientB#er*er Data)ases
11,) <ultitier clientBser*er data)ase applications contain a )usiness logic la%er.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: &@
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: <ultitier ClientB#er*er Data)ases
&3
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11:) !he scope of an enterprise application is one wor2group or department.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: & Page Ref: 35
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nterprise Applications
11;) An enterprise resource planning s%stem integrates all functions of the enterprise.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: & Page Ref: 35
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nterprise Applications
11>) A data warehouse contains summari+ed and historical information.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nterprise Applications
11@) An intranet utili+es -e)?)ased technolog% to impro*e communication with parties outside
of the organi+ation.
Answer: AA0#6
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 31
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nterprise Applications
1&5) An e9tranet uses "nternet protocols to esta)lish limited access to compan% data )% the
compan%8s customers and suppliers.
Answer: !R$6
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nterprise Applications
1&1) Discuss the differences )etween data and information.
Answer: Data consists of raw facts3 such as figures3 strings3 images3 etc. <ost of the time3 data
itself is not *er% meaningful until we add some additional information3 such as descripti*e fields
as well as some structure. Aor e9ample3 if one were loo2ing at set of student grades with Dust
course num)ers and a semester 2e%3 this might not )e *er% useful. "f we were to add in some
additional information3 such as course title3 semester and %ear3 then we would ha*e information.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: :
!opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions
AAC#B: Anal%tic #2ills
#u)topic: Data /ersus "nformation
&
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1&&) Discuss some of the disad*antages of file processing s%stems.
Answer: Aile processing s%stems ha*e se*eral disad*antages3 including:
1. Program?data dependenceG!he program is tied to the underl%ing data. -hene*er the data
changes3 Cin the sense of structurall%)3 then the program must )e modified.
&. Duplication of dataGApplications are often de*eloped separatel%3 resulting in duplicate data.
3. 0imited data sharingG!his is closel% related to disad*antage &3 since often applications are
de*eloped in a silo. #o3 for e9ample3 the accounting department might de*elop an application
which uses some of the same data as another department. 7owe*er3 there is no data sharing3 so
two sets of data are maintained.
. 69cessi*e program maintenance and length% de*elopment timesG#ince the programmer has
to write all of the low?le*el file "BO for the application3 this adds to the comple9it% of the
application. Also3 since the program might need maintenance whene*er there is a change to the
attri)utes of the data3 there is a need for a lot of program maintenance.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: >?@
!opic: !raditional Aile Processing #%stems
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Disad*antages of Aile Processing #%stems
1&3) Discuss some of the ad*antages to the data)ase approach.
Answer: !he data)ase approach has se*eral ad*antages including:
1. Program?data independenceG#ince the metadata is stored in a repositor%3 the underl%ing data
can change and e*ol*e without the need for maintenance to the applications.
&. "mpro*ed data consistenc%G#ince there is less redundant data3 the data is much more
consistent.
3. "mpro*ed data sharingGA data)ase can )e created once3 and then se*eral different
applications for organi+ation units can access the underl%ing ta)les.
. "ncreased application de*elopment producti*it%G"ncreased producti*it% since data)ase
management s%stems contain tools for de*elopment which aid in producti*it%. "n addition3 the
de*eloper does not ha*e to worr% a)out writing low?le*el file "BO.
,. "mpro*ed data 'ualit%GData 'ualit% impro*es )ecause of integrit% constraints and range
controls that can )e )uilt into the data)ase.
Diff: & Page Ref: 1&?13
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
1&) Discuss some of the costs associated with the data)ase approach.
Answer: !he data)ase approach does not come with out additional costs. !hese are specificall%
tied to the following:
1. 1ew speciali+ed personnel
&. Cost of installation and management
3. Con*ersion costs
. 1eed for e9plicit )ac2up and reco*er%
Diff: & Page Ref: 1,
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Ad*antages of the Data)ase Approach
&,
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1&,) Pro*ide a )rief o*er*iew of the *arious components of the data)ase en*ironment.
Answer: Components of the data)ase en*ironment include: CA#6 tools3 a repositor%3 the
data)ase management s%stem3 the data)ase itself3 application programs and the user interface. "n
addition3 there are people such as the end users3 s%stem de*elopers3 data and data)ase
administrators. All of this is an integrated en*ironment which impro*es the producti*it% of the
organi+ation.
Diff: & Page Ref: 1:?1>
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Components of the Data)ase 6n*ironment
1&:) Discuss wh% alternati*e "# de*elopment approaches ha*e e*ol*ed3 and pro*ide an o*er*iew
of a couple of these methodologies.
Answer: !he #D0C is often critici+ed for )eing too long from the time of s%stem start until a
finished product is deli*ered. As such3 organi+ations ha*e )egun to adopt rapid application
de*elopment techni'ues. One techni'ue is protot%ping3 where a s%stem is designed as a
protot%pe3 gi*en to the user for testing and then corrected as needed. !his is an iterati*e process.
Another methodolog% is Agile software de*elopment3 which focuses more on people than
processes.
Diff: & Page Ref: &13 &&
!opic: Data -arehouse Architectures
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
#u)topic: Alternati*e "# De*elopment Approaches
1&;) Discuss who is in*ol*ed in the data)ase de*elopment process.
Answer: !here are man% different t%pes of indi*iduals in*ol*ed in the data)ase de*elopment
process. Airst there are the users3 ne9t the )usiness anal%sts who wor2 with the users to de*elop
)usiness specifications. #%stems anal%sts turn the specifications into technical specifications.
Data)ase anal%sts and modelers de*elop the actual data)ase design. Programmers write the
application. ProDect managers manage the entire proDect from start to finish.
Diff: & Page Ref: &
!opic: !he Data)ase Approach
AAC#B: Reflecti*e !hin2ing
1&>) Discuss 6nterprise Resource Planning #%stems3 and contrast these to data warehouses.
Answer: An 6RP s%stem integrates all functions of the enterprise. 6RP s%stems pro*ide the data
necessar% for an organi+ation to manage all of its data. -hile 6RP s%stems rel% on operational
data3 data warehouses are designed to use summari+ed3 historical data and are used more in the
role of decision support.
Diff: & Page Ref: 35?31
!opic: !he Range of Data)ase Applications
AAC#B: $se of "nformation !echnolog%
#u)topic: 6nterprise Applications
&:
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