Chapter 13

Section 4: Conservation of Energy

Standards
Standards 3 & 4
Demonstrate the relationships between work,
power, and machines
Standard 2
Investigate the Law of Conservation of Energy
Objectives
1. Explain the ways that energy can transform into
other types of energy
2. State the Law of Conservation of Energy
3. Illustrate how a swing is an example of the law
of conservation of energy
4. Investigate factors that influence the efficiency
of a machine
Energy TrAnSfOrMs!
Think of a rollercoaster.
What type of energy is at the very top of the roller
coaster?
Potential
What type of energy does a coaster have when
going through turns and loops?
Kinetic
Where can energy be lost?
Friction (causes heat) and sound (Both nonmechanical
forms)
Energy readily transforms from one form to another
Ex: Kinetic energy can turn into potential energy and vice versa
Objective 1: Explain the ways that
energy can transform into other
types of energy
Energy TrAnSfOrMs!
Mechanical energy can transform in to different
forms as well
Ex: mechanical energy can transform into sound
or heat!
Energy can also be stored in the form of mass!!
Einstein related energy to mass (this is how the
atomic bomb was created)
Einsteins equation that relates energy to mass
E=mc
2
Energy is equal to mass times the speed of light
squared
Objective 1: Explain the ways that
energy can transform into other
types of energy
ITS THE LAW!!
Law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed!
Total amount of energy in the universe never
changes
But energy may change from one form to another
Thermodynamics fancy word for the study of
heat transfer
1
st
law of thermodynamics explains energy
conservation
For any system the net change in energy equals
the energy transferred as work and heat
Objective 2: State the Law of
Conservation of Energy
Swing!!
Think of a person swinging
How is energy put into the swing?
Where is energy fully potential energy?
Where is energy fully kinetic energy?
How is the mechanical energy turned into non
mechanical energy?
How is a swing an example of the law of
conservation of energy?
Objective 3: Illustrate how a swing
is an example of the law of
conservation of energy
Swing!!
Think of a person swinging
How is energy put into the swing?
Where is energy fully potential energy?
Where is energy fully kinetic energy?
How is the mechanical energy turned into non
mechanical energy?
How is a swing an example of the law of
conservation of energy?
Objective 3: Illustrate how a swing
is an example of the law of
conservation of energy
PE + KE = Constant
Working
legs puts
energy in
swing
Energy turns into non mechanical through friction
100%
potential
energy
100%
potential
energy
100%
kinetic
energy
Efficiency
Only part of the work done by a machine is USEFUL!!
Useful work is the work that the machine was designed to do
How can energy be lost in a machine?
Friction (heat energy)
Sound
Efficiency
A measure of how much useful work a machine can do
Equation =


100
NO MACHINE IS 100% efficient!
All machines need energy to keep going because of friction
Objective 4: Investigate factors
that influence the efficiency of a
machine