Gustav Freytag'sGustav Freytag's

Technik des Dramas (1863 )

Technik des Dramas (1863
)



Ever since Seymour Chatman proposed to analyze film with the help of narratological
concepts (Chatman 1978),F
1
F narratology has become a widespread
method of film analysis (see, e. g., Andringa et al. 2001; Bordwell 1985;
Branigan 1984; Chatman 1990; Lothe 2000; Nadel 2005). Chatmans main
contribution to the field of film narratology remains his concept of the
cinematic narrator, which he defined as a non-human agent, the composite
of a large and complex variety of communicating devices (Chatman
1990: 134). These include auditory (sound, voice, music) as well as visual
channels, for instance lighting, mise-en-scne, camera distance, angle and
movement, and editing (rhythm, cut etc). Chatman thereby contradicted
David Bordwells earlier contention that film has narration but no narrator,
and that notions of film narration