that in a more compliant system the local collapse will start to spread.

The
maximum pressure recorded is the collapse pressure (PCO).
A number of such results are listed in Table 4.1. Results from 29 additional tes
ts can be
found in Table 1a in [4.16]. The initial ovality ranged from 0.1% to 0.25% (one
tube had
a value of 1% due to damage). The wall eccentricity ranged from approximately 1.
5% to
9% while 3% to 6% was typical. The yield stress varied from approximately 38 to
51 ksi
(262352MPa). The anisotropy variable S in Eq. (4.21) varied from 0.82 to 1.0.
The measured collapse pressures that are plotted versus D/t in Figure 4.12. The
collapse
pressures vary from 356 psi (24.6 bar) for D/t =50.76 to 7200 psi (496.5 bar) fo
r
D/t =12.78, illustrating the strong influence of this variable. The observed sca
tter in
the data is due to variations in initial ovality and material properties not cap
tured by the
adopted normalization of PCO.
4.4.2 Prediction of Collapse Pressures
The experiments reported above were simulated using the individual measured geom
etric
and material characteristics in BEPTICO [4.1]. The maximum value of measured ova
lity
was assumed to be uniformly distributed, so that (4.18) takes the form
w
R
= -?o cos 2?, (4.27