ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) Inhibitors " MeLhod of acuon " 8lock Lhe enzyme LhaL converLs angloLensln l Lo angloLensln ll ( a vasoconsLrlcLor) " romoLe vasodllaLauon " Lowers aldosLerone secreuon " Lx.: non-rodrug: CapLoprll, Llslnoprll rodrug: enalaprll, kulnaprll, perlndoprll, ramlprll, sllazaprll, benazeprll, delaprll, foslnoprll
" Slde eecLs non-prodrug (capLoprll): cough, rash, LasLe dlsLurbance (meLalllc or loss of LasLe), whlch are aurlbuLed Lo Lhe unlque sulmydryl moleLy) " Angloneurouc edema " Pyperkalemla especlally wlLh renal lmpalrmenL !"#$%&"$" CapLoprll also has a relauvely poor pharmacoklneuc prole. 1he shorL half-llfe necesslLaLes Lwo or Lhree umes per day doslng, whlch may reduce pauenL compllance. MosL subsequenL ACL lnhlblLors are glven as prodrugs, Lo lmprove oral bloavallablllLy. All have longer half-llves and are glven once or Lwlce dally, whlch may lmprove pauenL compllance. Angiotensin II (AT2) receptor blockers Method of action Block the AT2 receptor causing a fall in peripheral resistance Very similar to ACE inhibitors but does not cause a cough Drugs: Sartan family $-Blockers (penghambat Adrenoseptor $) Mekanisme: - Menghambat R $2 pd kardiovaskular - Menghambat rilis NE melalui hambatan R $2 pd prasinaps - Menghambat sekresi renin melalui hambatan R $1 pd ginjal
Kardioselektif (afinitas R $2 > $1): atenolol, asebutolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol Non-kardioselektif (afinitas R $2 = $1): propanolol, timolol, pindolol, alprenolol, karteolol, nadolol, oksprenolol Diuretika Diuretik: digunakan utk memperbanyak pengeluaran air kemih (diuresis) melalui peningkatan filtrasi glomeruli. " tek drh dgn: & mengosongkan Na tbh (! ekskresi Na, Cl, dan air) & menurunkan vol plasma & cairan ekstrasel shg vol tubuh turun dan tek drh turun
Diuretics " 1hlazldes " Work by sodlum and waLer excreuon " Slde eecLs lnclude ()*+,&-$./&, hyperurlcemla and glucose lnLolerance " Less eecuve ln severe renal dysfuncuon " Lx.: PC1, bendroumeuazlde, furosemld ! sLrong dlureuc