qeTevan goderZiSvili

termin `deminutivis" dazustebisaTvis

(kninobiT-moferebiTi da kninobiT-damcirebiTi anTroponimebi)
onomastikuri terminologiiT hipokoristika da deminutivi erTi odenobis cne-
badaa miCneuli, rac vfiqrobT, naklebad damaJerebelia (aq am sakiTxze ar SevCerde-
biT).
amJerad Cveni mizania, davazustoT termin `deminutivis~ arsi. am terminis dakon-
kreteba ki moiTxovs erTi mniSvnelovani, vfiqrobT, aqamde dasazustebeli, sakiTxis
ganxilvas. kerZod, ara marto qarTul, aramed onomastikur literaturaSi damkvid-
rebuli ori cneba _ terminis (kninobiT-moferebiTi da kninobiT-damcirebiTi) gada-
sinJvas.
deminutivi, evropeli da rusi onomastebis mier erTxmad aGiarebulia makninebel-
alersobiTi (3ìå…üø,2åëü…%-ë=“*=2åëü…%å) Seferilobis gamomxatvel terminad. supe-
ranskaia amas uwodebs daunawevrebel kompleqss. igi imowmebs erT-erTi rusi avtoris
naSroms ("p3““*,å 3ìå…üø,2åëü…%-ë=“*=2åëü…/å ,ìå…=") da SeniSvnis saxiT dasZens, rom
avtori (v.i. CerniSevi) saxelis arasapasporto formebs ixseniebs "…å!=“÷ëå…å……/ì
*%ìCëå*“%ì _ 3ìå…üø,2åëü…%-ë=“*=2åëü…/å" (a.v. superanskaia, 1969, 127). es termini
(deminutivi) am gagebiTaa damkvidrebuli qarTul onomastikaSic. es universaliaa.
vfiqrobT, sizustis dacvis mizniT, erTmaneTisagan unda gaimiJnos es ori, gansxva-
vebuli Sinaarsis gamomxatveli, apelativi _ erTi mxriv, moferebiTi da kninobiTi,
meore mxriv, damcirebiTi da kninobiTi.
1.moferebiTi da kninobiTi. apelativi kninoba erTgvarad damcirebis aGmniSvne-
li sitKvaa, rac aSkara dapirispirebaSia mofereba-alersobis gamomxatvel apelativ-
Tan. am ori sxvadasxva ganwKobis aGmniSvneli sitKvis grafikulad defisiT gamoxatva
ufro erTcnebian kompozits uaxlovdeba, vidre orcnebians. kninobiT-moferebiTi sa-
xeliT xom erT movlenas aGniSnaven?! igive iTqmis terminze _ kninobiT-damcirebiTi.
podolskaias leqsikonSi (n. v. podolskaia, 1978, 71) "dåì,…32,"…%å ,ì " ganmar-
tebulia, rogorc "b,ä *"=ë,2=2,"=. hì “ ë=“*=2åëü…%-3ìå…üø,2åëü…/ì %22å…*%ì
ƒ…=÷å…, ", magaliTebad damowmebulia: b=“å…ü*=, b=“, ë, ÷å*... qarTul onomastikur li-
teraturaSi ki am tipis onimebad miCneulia formebi: sofiko, valiko, marika, daTuka,
avTo, kaxo... (al. Glonti, S. afridoniZe, p. cxadaia). vfiqrobT, rom arc erT maTgan-
Si ara Cans kninoba, miT ufro avTo-kaxo formebSi. amdenad, erT Jgufad warmodge-
nil anTroponimTa zemoT aGniSnuli formebi gasamiJnia. amrigad, kninoba da alerso-
biT-moferebiToba sxvadasxva cnebaa da, vfiqrobT, umJobesia maTi gamiJvna.
Tuki es dasaSvebi iqneba, maSin dgeba sakiTxi _ romeli movlenis aGmniSvnelad
darCeba deminutivi _ kninobisa Tu moferebiTobisa? apelativi deminutivus laTinuri
sitKvaa da `laTinur-qarTul leqsikonSi~ asea ganmartebuli _ `damamcirebeli~
(gram. kninobiTi saxeli). Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom damcireba Sors dgas
alersobiTobisagan, ufro metic, misi antipodia, maSin deminutivs unda Camoscildes
alersobiTobis aGmniSvneli funqcia. amrigad, qvalitativis //hipokorizmis (q.g.) erT-
erTi saxeobidan, kerZod, deminutividan, ikveTeba ori ganmasxvavebeli saxeoba. aGmo-
Cnda, rom deminutivi ufro viwro mniSvnelobis cneba-terminia, vidre igi miCneulia
onomastikur literaturaSi.
ra termini SeiZleba SeesatKvisos deminutividan gamoKofil alersobiTi elferis
mqone anTroponimul formebs? Cven ar vapirebT amis warmodgenas, magram unda daiZeb-
nos deminutivisagan gasamiJni sitKva-termini am konkretuli emociuri elferis
(alersobiTobis) gamomxatveli formis aGsaniSnad. Cveni varaudi aseTia (Tumca kvlav
davZenT, rom ar gvesaxeba aq damowmebuli sitKva terminad): qarTul-laTinur Sesa-
tKvisobebSi alersobiT-moferebiTis erT-erT SesatKvisad dasaxelebulia blandus
(alersiani), blande (alersianad), blandumentum (mofereba). xom ar iqneba dasaSvebi am
sitKvebis miCneva Cven mier deminutividan gamoKofili moferebiT-alersobiTi Seferi-
lobis saxelebis aGmniSvneli terminis safuZvlad? (vTqvaT, blandutivi//blandumen-
tivi?).
II. damcirebiTi da kninobiTi. moferebiTobisa da kninobiTobis _ am ori movle-
nis _ erTmaneTisagan gamiJvniT es sakiTxi ar amoiwureba. deminutividan Cven gamovKa-
viT alersobiToba _ moferebiToba, radgan es apelativi (deminutivi) moferebiTo-
bis faqts gamoricxavs. axla gasrkvevi da dasazustebelia apelativebis _ damcirebi-
Tis da kninobiTis _ identuroba.
vfiqrobT, erTmaneTisagan unda gaimiJnos termini - kompoziti _ kninobiT-damci-
rebiTi (e.i. kninoba da damcireba). `qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ apelati-
vebi damcireba da kninoba erTmaneTis meSveobiT aris axsnili. damcireba axsnilia
ase: TavmoKvareobis Selaxva, damdableba, daknineba. aqedan damamcirebeli _ TavmoKva-
reobis Semlaxveli, SeuracxmKofeli, damamdablebeli (damakninebeli ar weria q.g.).
meore mxriv, daknineba axsnilia ase: dapataraveba. dakninebuli ki _ dapataravebuli,
damcirebuli. calkea gamotanili knini, rac niSnavs _ `sul mcire~, `sul patara~,
kninobiTadaa miCneuli saxeli, `romelic aGniSnavs, rom sagani dapataravebuli saxiT
aris warmodgenili~. bolo or konkretul ganmartebaSi damcireba ar dominirebs.
sxva SemTxvevaSi ki, damcireba da kninoba erTmaneTis meSveobiTaa axsnili.
zemoT moKvanili ganmartebebidan Cans, rom zusti sademarkacio xazis gavleba am
or sitKvas Soris iqneb gayirdes kidec, magram, es ori axlo mdgomi cneba absolu-
tur sinonimebad ar CaiTvleba. aleqsandre neimanis `qarTul sinonimur leqsikonSi~
kninis sinonimad motanilia umniSvnelo, ubralo, mcire faseuli, patara; damcirebis
sinonimad ki _ damdableba, Sercxvena. rogorc vxedavT, aq sakmaod naTladaa gamiJnu-
li es ori sitKva. aseve, rusul-qarTuli leqsikonebis mixedviT, 3…, ›å…, å-
3…, ›å……%“2ü-3…, ›å……/L-3…, ƒ, 2åëü…%“2ü-3…, ƒ, 2åëü…/L _ damcirebis amsaxveli sitKvebia,
rìå…üøå…, å-3ìå…üøå……/L ki _ Semcirebis, dapataravebis. rìå…üø, 2ü _ Semcireba, da-
pataraveba, daknineba. aqedan rìå…üø, 2åëü…/L _ kninobiTi.
am ori cnebis sxvadasxvaoba gansakuTrebiT ikveTeba anTroponimebSi, kerZod, qar-
Tul anTroponimebSi. erTmaneTs rom SevadaroT ivane da daviT saxelebis formebi,
erTi mxriv, vanua/daTua, meore mxriv, vanika/daTika, orive formas arasasurveli
elferi dahkravs, magram maT Soris is sxvaobaa, rom vanua/daTuaSi denotatisadmi
ufro damamcirebeli damokidebuleba ikveTeba, vidre vanika-daTikaSi. am ukanasknelSi
pirisadmi arasasurveli damokidebuleba SedarebiT naklebi xarisxiTaa warmoCenili.
es ufro kninobaa, vidre damcireba. qarTul sinamdvileSi, miT umetes, qarTul an-
TroponimikaSi kninobiToba, rogorc damoukidebeli movlena, ar aris calke gamoKo-
fili. masSi da masTan erTad warmodgenilia xan alersobiToba, xan damcirebuloba.
es ori cneba semantikurad SeuTavsebelia. Tavis mxriv, kninobiToba, rogorc apela-
tivis definiciidan Cans, mainc TavisTavadi movlenaa _ arc damcirebaa da, miT ume-
tes, arc mofereba. mas (kninobiTobas), SeiZleba iTqvas, erTgvarad Sualeduri adgi-
li uyiravs moferebiTobasa da damcirebas Soris. igi moZravi qvalitativia (an hipo-
korizmia). ras niSnavs es? kninoba, Cveulebriv, oden kninobiTobis gamoxatvaa, magram
zogJer misi xarisxi imdenad Zlierdeba, rom iZens damamcirebel elfers. roca onim-
Si damcireba syarbobs kninobas, is ukve damamcirebelia (3…, ƒ, 2åëü…/L) da ara knino-
biTi (3ìå…üø, 2åëü…/L) SesaZlebelia sapirispiroc moxdes _ kninobis xarisxi Semcir-
des da onimi iqces moferebiTi elferis gamomxatvelad. am SemTxvevaSic, ra Tqma un-
da, kninoba kargavs TavisTavadobas. aseTi Seferilobis onimi moferebiT-alersobiTia
da ara kninobiTi.1. ra terminebi Seesabameba maT? TavisTavad _ alersobiTi, damamci-
rebeli, makninebeli _ terminebia, magram, radgan zogad onomastikur-samecniero li-
teraturaSi maTi SesatKvisi terminebi arsebobs, am terminebis relevanturoba, vfiq-
robT, gadasasinJia.
zemoT gamovTqviT mosazreba, rom termin deminutividan unda gamoiricxos mofe-
rebiTobis gamomxatveloba. Deminutivus, rogorc aGvniSneT, laTinur-qarTul leqsi-
konSi ganmartebulia ase: damamcirebeli. gram. kninobiTi saxeli. magram onomastiku-
ri poziciidan Cven gavmiJneT es ori cneba. konkretulad romlis SesatKvisad gamo-
dgeba termini deminutivi? Demi _ inglisuri sitKvaa da niSnavs: a) C%ë3, …=C%ë%", …3,

1
kninobiTis xarisxs amcirebs da zrdis ara marto forma onimisa, aramed denotatis faqtori. vTqvaT, romeli-
me gogielas moferebiTi elferi dahkravs, Tu denotati bavSvia, isic dialeqtur garemoSi, magram onimis igive for-
ma kninobiTobaze miuTiTebs, roca igi mozrdili, zrdadasrulebuli adamianis misamarTiTaa gamoKenebuli (es ufro
ikveTeba aradialeqtikur garemoSi), xolo socialurad an pirovnulad warCinebuli piris misamarTiT gamoKenebuli
gogiela damamcirebel elfers iZens.
sxvaTa Soris, subieqtur emociur elfers SeiZleba itevdes ara oden nawarmoebi, aramed pirveladi warmoebis
onimic _ denotatis gaTvaliswinebiT. am faqts kargad SeniSnavs paratnikovi: "må“2, “3KAå*2, "…3þ %öå…*3 ì%ã32 ,
2=*, å -%!ì/, *=* m, *%ë=L , ë, Š=2ü …=, å“ë, , . =ä!å“3þ2 ì=ëå…ü*, ì äå2 ì" (superanskaia, 127). qarTul KofaSic fexmoki-
debulia patara bavSvebisaTvis ara mxolod onimis kninobiTi (levanika, daTika) an moferebiTi (levaniko, daTuna)
formebiT saxeldeba, aramed pirveladi warmoebis onimebiT (levan, Tornike, elene...), rac Taviseburi emociuri el-
feriT itvirTeba, magram am sakiTxze amJerad ar SevCerdebiT.
÷=“2, ÷…%. b) 3*=ƒ/"=å2 …= …åä%“2%2%÷…% .%!%øåå *=÷å“2"%. Tu am ganmartebas daveKrdno-
biT, deminutivi Seesabameba kninobiTobis aGniSvnas. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom
qarTul-inglisur leqsikonSi sitKva deminutivis gansazGvrebaa _ kninobiTi, xolo
damcirebiTs sxva axsna aqvs. e.i. deminutivi SeesatKviseba kninobiTi elferis mqone
onimebs.
axla, rac Seexeba Cven mier calke gamoKofili damcirebiTi saxelebis aGniSvnas.
onomastikur terminologiaSi gamoKofilia qvalitativis sami saxeoba: augmentativi,
deminutivi da peiorativi. podolskaias leqsikonSi peiorativi ganmartebulia ro-
gorc saxeli upativcemlo _ damcirebiTi elferiT ("hì “ C!å…åK!å›, 2åëü…%-
3…, ÷, ›, 2åëü…/ì %22å…*%ì") magaliTebad dasaxelebulia: rëü*=, rëü ø*=, e"ä%*, ø*=,
d3… ø*=... paata cxadaias qarTul onomastikur terminTa leqsikonSi ar aris damow-
mebuli peiorativis gamomxatveli qarTuli masala. vfiqrobT, saxelTa qarTulenova-
ni variantebi vanua/katua-s tipisa, romelic denotatisadmi damcirebasa da upativce-
mulobaze migvaniSnebs, swored peioratiuli saxelebia. maTve ganekuTvneba eTe-
ra/qeTevana/dareJanas-s tipis anTroponimebi.
amrigad, Tu gavmiJnavT erTmaneTisagan damcirebiTsa da kninobiT saxelebs, anTro-
ponimis damcirebiTi formebi Seva qvalitativis (anu hipokarizmis) im saxeobaSi, ro-
melsac hqvia peiorativi, kninobiTi elferis gamomxatveli onimebi _ deminutivSi.
rac Seexeba alersobiTs, am tipis onimebis gamomxatveli termini dasazustebelia.

gamoKenebuli literatura:
n . v . p o d o l s k a i a , "që%"=!ü !3““*%L %…%ì=“2, ÷å“*%L 2å!ì, …%ë%ã, , ", l., 1978.
a . v . s u p e r a n s k a i a , q2!3*23!= , ìå…, “%K“2"å……%ã%", l., 1969.
p. cxadaia, onomastikur terminTa ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, Tb., 1987.

K. Goderdzishvili

Towards the Correction of the Term "Diminutive"

Summary

The article deals with the complex problems connected with the onomastic terms. Diminutive –
caressant and diminutive – offensive, which were considered to be the universals, have been
distinguished. Supposable terms for each of them have been proposed.