ineza kiknaZe

TanxmovanTa ganawilebisaTvis sareduqcio segmentSi

(sakiTxTa dasmis wesiT)
sakiTxi exeba sareduqcio segmentSi kumSvamde da kumSvis Semdgom TanxmovanTa
ganawilebas. masalad aGebulia qarTul-germanuli leqsikoni (Semdgenlebi _ o. xu-
ciSvili, T. xatiaSvili, Tb., 1977). leqsikonis qarTuli nawili Seicavs 25000 si-
tKvas. masala kompiuterSia Setanili iv.(vaniko) ramiSvilisa da eliso goduaZis mier
(arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis institutis kuTvnilebaa).
TanxmovanfuZiani sitKvebis raodenoba 6.644 erTeuli. amaTgan: 803 sitKva kum-
SvadTa rigSia Setanili _ `kedel" tipisa (796) da `mawon" tipisa. am sitKvaTa mara-
gidan oTxi fuZe ukumSvelia (SecdomiT aris Setanili), esenia: paraskev, nayrilobev,
yanyKar, nugeS. e.i. saanalizod rCeba 799 sitKva.
Cveni dakvirvebis Sedegebi da statistikuri monacemebi am raodenobiT aris gansa-
zGvruli, Tumca aqve SevniSnavT, rom kompiuteriT amoGebuli masalis mixedviT uku-
mSvel fuZeTa rigSi (`kacis" tipi) aris iseTi fuZeebic, romlebic dGes saliteratu-
ro qarTulsa da zepir metKvelebaSic paraleluri (kumSvad-ukumSveli) formiT ixma-
rebian. maTi CamoTvla Sors wagviKvanda. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom masalis kvalificire-
bisas avtorebi (ramiSvili, goduaZe) mKar wesebs (saliteraturo normas) ar eKrdno-
bodnen. zogJer piradi intuicia gansazGvravda amas.
Cveni dakvirvebis obieqti Semofarglulia. masalis analizi statistikas gulis-
xmobs. kumSvis sakiTxi mocemuli masalis mixedviT diaqroniul yrilSi ar ganixileba.
samecniero literaturidan cnobilia saxelis fuZis kumSvis pirobebi (g. axvle-
diani, a. SaniZe, v. Tofuria, T. uTurgaiZe). aucilebel pirobaTagania: ormarcvliani
sareduqcio segmenti da marcvlovan mareducirebeli segmenti. kumSvisaTvis mniSvne-
loba aqvs sitKvis damarcvlas; marcvlis eqsploziasa da imploziaSi TanxmovanTa
ganawilebas. kerZod, ra Tanxmovnebi iKris Tavs imploziaSi, romelic sareduqcio seg-
mentSi Sedis (T. uTurgaiZe).
Cveni masalis mixedviT reduqciis Sedegad Tavs iKris 5, 4, 3, 2 Tanxmovani. Seva-
mowmeT erT, or, sam da metmarcvliani kumSvadi fuZeebi. aGmoCnda, rom Tanxmovanfu-
Zian sitKvaTa mTeli saleqsikono maragidan _ 6644 sitKva, ukumSvelia 5845, kumSva-
dia 799 (12% meti).
mTeli maragidan erTmarcvliania 938 fuZe, amaTgan 21 kumSvadia e.i. saerTo ra-
odenobis 15%-mde erTmarcvlianebia, amaTgan kumSvadia daaxloebiT 22,7%.
ormarcvliania 1551 sitKva (saleqsikono maragis 23,3%). aqedan kumSvadia 101
fuZe (daaxl. 6,44%).
danarCeni sam da metmarcvliani fuZeebia. oTxmarcvlianTa mTeli maragis 13%-
mde kumSvadia.
kumSvadi erTmarcvliani fuZeebi KuradGebas iqceven imiT, rom mxolod reduci-
rebadi segmenti aqvT da ar gaaCniaT saKrdeni xmovani. sitKvis TavSi xSirad TavmoK-
rilia ramdenime xmovani. masala am mxrivac saintereso iKo da davaJgufeT. sitKvis
TavSi oTx Tanxmovanze meti ar aGmoCnda, e.i. sitKvis TavSi kumSvis Sedegad Tavs iK-
ris xuTi Tanxmovani.
erTmarcvliani fuZeebidan (21 sitKva) erTi TanxmovniT iwKeba ori: bal, wel;
ori TanxmovniT _ 12 sitKva: mgel, mter, mxar, rZal, qmar, Svil, Cvar, Zval, Zmar,
wKal, xmal, Jvar; sami TanxmovniT _ 5 sitKva: zGvar, msxal, mtver, mCvar, cxvar;
oTxiT _ 2 sitKva: mkvdar, mGvdel.
kumSva realizebulia l, r TanxmovnebiT daboloebul fuZeebTan. reducirdeba a,
e xmovnebi. reducirebadi segmenti oden aGmavali napralovnobisaa1. mexuTe Jgufis l,
r TanxmovanfuZianebTan masalis mixedviT kumSvis Sedegad wKvildeba: b, g, d; t, Z, w
Tanxmovnebi (CC° Jgufi). x, K (C°C° Jgufi) da v, m. (C°C° Jgufi). amaTgan r-sTan kombi-
naciaSia d, t, Z, x, v, m; l-sTan: b, g, d, Z, w, K, x, v, m; procentulad aseTi Sefardeba
gveqneba: CC° _ 33,3%; C°C° (Jg. 35) _ 14,3% da C°C° (Jg. 45) _ 52% meti. amrigad,
erTmarcvliani fuZis SemTxvevaSi kumSvis Sedegad Tavi moiKara:
orma Tanxmovanma: bl, wl, (Jg.15, CC° kombinacia).

1
aqac da Semdgomac, napralovnobis Jgufebis, TanxmovanTa klasebad daJgufebis da kumSvis Sedegad realizebu-
li kombinaciebis Sesaxeb msJelobisas viKenebT T. uTurgaiZis gamokvlevas.
 samma: mgl, mtr (Jg. 415, C°CC° kombinacia), mxr (435 Jg., C°C°C° kombinacia), rZl
(515 Jg., C°CC° kombinacia), qmr, Svl, Cvr, Zvl, Zmr, Jvr (145 Jg., CC°C°) da wKl (135
Jg. CC°C° kombinacia). oTxi da xuTi Tanxmovani aseT kombinaciebs gvaZleven:
zGvr _ napralovnobis mixedviT Jg. 2345 C°C°C°C°, klasebis mixedviT _ C2C4C1C3
msxl _ Jg.4235 C°C°C°C° _ C1C2C4C3
mtvr _ 4145 C°CC°C° _ C1C2C1C3
mCvr _ 4145 C°CC°C _ C1C2C1C3
cxvr _ 1345 CC°C°C° _ C2C4C1C3
mkvdr _ 41415 C°CC°CC° _ C1C4C1C2C3
mGvdl _ 43415 C°C°C°CC° _ C1C4C1C2C3
masalis analizma gviCvena, rom erTmarcvlian fuZeebSi reducirebadi marcvali
(segmenti) oden aGmavali napralovnobisaa. yarbobs C°C° kombinacia (14 magaliTi) da
CC° (11 SemTxveva), daaxl. 72,3%.
saKuradGeboa isic, rom erTmarcvliani fuZeebi Cvens SemTxvevaSi mxolod cal
Tanxmovanze bolovdeba. saKrdeni xmovani aseT fuZeSi ar aris.
ormarcvlian fuZeebSi ki saKrdeni segmenti or da samTanxmovniania. aseTi sul
101 magaliTia. aqedan: saKrdeni segmenti ori TanxmovniT bolovdeba 83 SemTxvevaSi,
samiT _ 18.
aq unda gamovKoT orgvari SemTxveva: erTs pirobiTad vuwodebT `abJar" tips, ro-
desac ori Tanxmovani kumSvis Semdgom gvaZlevs sams: abJar>abJr-is da `mindor~ tipi,
rodesac o-s reduqciis Sedegad oTxi Tanxmovani gvaqvs: `mindor">mindvr-is.
calkea gansaxilveli `nior~ tipis saxelebi, rodesac saKrdeni segmenti Tanxmov-
niT ar bolovdeba, oden saKrdeni xmovani aris warmodgenili, aqac reducirebuli
o>v ketavs marcvals: ni-or>niv-ris.
kumSvis Sedegad sareduqcio segmentSi Tavs iKris 2,3,4 da meti Tanxmovani.
ori Tanxmovani iKris Tavs magaliTebis umetesobaSi. Jgufebisa da kombinaciaTa
sixSiris mixedviT suraTi aseTia:
CC° Jg.15 _ 172 + Kvela -eb-el daboloebiani fuZe,

CC° 14 − 2
C°C 31 − 2
C°C 21 − Ι
CC 11 − 4
C°C° 45 − 163
C°C° 25 − 35
C°C° 55 − 29
C°C° 35 − 12
C°C° 54 − 9
C°C° 43 − Ι
C°C° 53 − Ι

damavali napralovnobis Jgufebidan napralovnobis realizacia moxda 11 magaliT-

Si: yeram, urem, irem, xar-irem, cxen-irem, karav, araK, somex da napralovani _ xSulis
kombinaciis sami SemTxvevaa: Kasab, niGab, xoxob.
nulovani napralovnobis Tanxmovnebi iKrian Tavs oTx SemTxvevaSi: niCab, kakab, be-
yed, nabad (Jg. 11).
Sedegebi aseTia: 1) CC° (Jg. 15) _ l, r, n TanxmovnebTan kombinaciaSi kumSvis Se-
degad Sedis Tanxmovnebi: b, d, T, v, p, f, k;
t kombinaciaSia r, l, n, m bgerebTan; l, r-sTan aris kombinaciaSi: g, C, w, c; r, n
TanxmovnebTan _ q. mxolod r-sTan: Z,y; mxolod n-sTan _ J.
2) Kvelaze xSiria C°C° kombinacia rogorc mzardi napralovnobis TanxmovnebTan,
ise klebadebTan: lm, rm, rv; mx, rK (naklebad).
3) calkeuli nimuSebia damavali napralovnebis Tanxmovnebisa.
4) TiTze CamosaTvlelia erTi Jgufis TanxmovanTa kombinaciis magaliTebi.
5) Cveni masalis mixedviT, reducirebadi segmenti sonorebs garda bolovdeba b,
d, x Tanxmovnebze.
reduqciis Sedegad sami Tanxmovani iKris Tavs. masalis mixedviT reducirebadi
segmenti mxolod sonorze bolovdeba: moviKvanT nimuSebs:
m<am: vaxSmis, lerwmis.
n< an: batknis, CaCqnis, akvnis, ejvnis, JavSnis, finJnis, merqnis, marJnis, bostnis,
murKnis.
n<en: KurZnis, berZnis, regvnis.
m < em SemTxveva ar dafiqsirda.
l < al: mitklis, vagzlis, sawKlis, cocxlis; nacvlis, sacvlis;
damplis, komblis, namglis, damblis (dambal)2; iGblis; maKvlis, TavSlis,
kvartlis, gorglis, durglis, xorblis, sardlis, marTlis, qarglis, borblis,
barklis, xinklis, xanJlis da sxv. (amave, 515-e Jgufisa); ferSlis, marSlis, yarxlis,
Sarvlis...
l<el: ficxlis, furclis, yurylis, titvlis, saymlis.
r<ar: futkris, heqtris, abJris, medgris, afTris, maZGris, mxatvris, laSqris,
muStris, nestris, sizmris, saKdris, saxsris, zamTris, davTris, xanZris, qondris,
yinyris, sangris, langris, fanqris da sxv.
r<er daboloeba ver davadastureT masalaSi. Kvelaze xSiri aGmoCnda C°CC° Jgu-
fis TanxmovanTkompleqsebi (22 sitKva), Kvelaze mcire CCC° (Jg. 115) _ 5 sitKva.
reduqciis saKrden segmentSi kumSvamde sami Tanxmovania. kumSvis Semdgom Tavs
iKris 4 Tanxmovani. Cveni dakvirvebis Sedegebi gviCveneben, rom sareduqcio segmenti
Kvela SemTxvevaSi bolovdeba sonorze (r, l, n). kumSvisaTvis SezGudva ar arsebobs.
marcvalTa mixedviT: al _ 9 SemTxveva, el _ 6, ar _ 13, er _ 22; an _ 1, en _ ar
Segvxvda.
kombinaciebi ganxorcielda aseTi rigiT:
C°C°C°C° − ρ−ζε δαβολοεβυλι 2 φυΖε, λ−ζε _ Ι
C°C°CC° Ι −
C°CCC° Ι 2
C°CC°C° 9 12
CC°C°C° 3 −
−−−−− −−−−−
16 15

e.i. 1) TiTqmis Tanabari raodenobiT realizdeba r da l sonorebze daboloebu-

li marcvlis kumSva.
2) Kvelaze metia C°CC°C° kombinacia.
3) l-ze ar bolovdeba C°C°CC° da CC°C°C° kombinaciebi.
4) Kvelaze xSiria sareduqcio marcvalSi kombinacia C°C°. am (4 TanxmovnianTagan)
SemTxvevebidan Cven gamovKaviT erTmarcvliani fuZeebi: mCvar, mtver, cxvar, zGvar,
msxal.
xuTi Tanxmovnis TavmoKris SemTxvevebze erTmarcvlian fuZeebSi zeviT mivuTiTeT.
Cvens mier aq warmodgenili masalis analizi mxolod winaswari dakvirvebaa qar-
Tuli enis mdidar leqsikur fondze.

2
ar aris cnobili, ra igulisxmeba amosavlad: `dambali" Tu `dambla" (kvecadi fuZe).
 damowmebuli literatura:
g. a x v l e d i a n i , zogadi fonetikis safuZvlebi, Tb., 1960.
v. T o f u r i a , reduqciisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, ike, I, Tb., 1946.
T. u T u r g a i Z e , qarTuli enis fonematuri struqtura, Tb., 1976.
a. S a n i Z e , qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tb., 1953.

I. Kiknadze
Towards the Distribution of Consonants
in a Reducing Segment
Summary
The conditions for the contraction of a substantive in Georgian have been known (G. Akhvlediani, V.
Topuria, A. Shanidze, T. Uturgaidze). Together with the other ones, the distribution of consonants in a
reducing segment have been considered to be the necessary condition, namely, the principle of accessive
fricativeness should be maintained (T. Uturgaidze).
My investingation has been aimed at highlighting the order of consonants in a reducing segment, as a
result of contraction, in mono-, di-, tri- and moresyllabic stems. The results of the observation have been
based on the data (up to 800 reduced forms) marked out by a computer from German-Georgian
Dictionary (1977).
I had tried to estimate the frequency of the use of the consonant clusters having resulted by
contraction.
It would be noteworthy to mention that in Georgian the order of the consonants of decessive
fricativeness has been mainly characteristic of disyllabic stems: Åeram, urem, araq, somex, qasab, niÏab,
xoxob, etc.
The above-mentioned conclusions are a result of a preliminary observation only and have not been
presented with a claim of perfection.