Pert 3 PDF
Pert 3 PDF
ORGANISASI KOMPUTER
1
PROGRAM STUDI
S1 SISTEM KOMPUTER
UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Oky Dwi Nurhayati, ST, MT
Oky Dwi Nurhayati, ST, MT
email: okydn@undip.ac.id
email: okydn@undip.ac.id
Buku Bacaan
Buku Bacaan
1omputer "e2a,ai
penyimpanan data, dimana
data dipindahkan dari
lin,kun,an luar ke
penyimpanan komputer
72aca8 dan "e2aliknya 7tuli"8
ODN 13
Opera"i 7:8
Opera"i 7:8
)en,olahan data ke.dr penyimpanan
)en,olahan data ke.dr penyimpanan
%am2ar di"ampin,
men6ela"kan opera"i#opera"i
yan, meli2atkan pen,olahan
data, terhadap data
manapun yan, terdapat
dalam tempat penyimpanan
ODN 14
Operation 7;8
Operation 7;8
)en,olahan dr penyimpanan ke 0.O
)en,olahan dr penyimpanan ke 0.O
%am2ar di"ampin,
men6ela"kan opera"i#opera"i
yan, meli2atkan pen,olahan
data atau perpindahan
antara tempat penyimpanan
dan lin,kun,an luar.
ODN 15
Struktur < Tin,katan 3ta"
Struktur < Tin,katan 3ta"
Computer
Main
Memory
Input
Output
Systems
Interconnection
erip!era"s
Communication
"ines
Centra"
rocessin#
$nit
Computer
ODN 16
Struktur internal komputer memiliki ; komponen "truktur
utama antara lain :
%
Central )roce""in, =nit 7C)=8: men,ontrol opera"i
komputer dan mem2entuk /un,"i#/un,"i pen,olah datanya.
C)= "ecara "ederhana di"e2ut "e2a,ai proce""or
%
Main memory: menyimpan data
%
0.O: memindahkan data antara komputer den,an lin,kun,an
luarnya
%
Sy"tem" 0nterconnection: 2e2erapa mekani"me komunika"i
antara C)=, main memory, dan 0.O
Struktur < Tin,katan 3ta"
Struktur < Tin,katan 3ta"
ODN 17
Struktur # C)=
Struktur # C)=
Computer
&rit!metic
an'
(o#ic $nit
Contro"
$nit
C$
Interconnection
)e#isters
C$
I*O
Memory
System
+us
C$
ODN 18
1omponen#komponen "truktur utamanya adalah:
2. Control unit: men,ontrol opera"i C)= dan
men,ontrol komputer
c. 3rithmetic and lo,ic unit: mem2entuk /un,"i#
/un,"i pen,olahan data komputer
d. >e,i"ter": "e2a,ai penyimpanan internal 2a,i
C)=
e. C)= interconnection: "e6umlah mekani"me
komunika"i antara control unit, 3?= dan
re,i"ter"
Struktur # C)=
Struktur # C)=
ODN 19
Struktur # Control =nit 7C=8
Struktur # Control =nit 7C=8
C$
Contro"
Memory
Contro" $nit
)e#isters an'
Deco'ers
Se,uencin#
(o#in
Contro"
$nit
&($
)e#isters
Interna"
+us
Contro" $nit
Tin,kat#tin,kat 32"trak"i Or,ani"a"i 1omputer
Tin,kat#tin,kat 32"trak"i Or,ani"a"i 1omputer
Appli(ation S*0
MS 0or% (omputer as ele(troni( t-pe12riter
MS E3(el (omputer as ele(troni( (al(ulator
S-stem S*0
4ompilers (omputer as translator .sour(e to e3e(utable
program/
Operating S-stems (omputer as ma(hine that e3e(utes
programs5 stores 6iles5 prints (ontent o6 6iles to printers5
(ommuni(ate 2ith other (omputers
Instru(tion Set
0hat basi( operations (an be (arrie% out
0hat5 2here5 an% ho2 %ata (an be store% ) retrie'e% in*6rom
memor-
7o2 (an %ata be e3(hange% to the outsi%e 82orl%9
4omputer 7*0
The : (omponents; ,atapath5 4ontrol5 Memor-5 Input5 Output
20
Tin,kat#tin,kat Baha"a )emro,raman
Tin,kat#tin,kat Baha"a )emro,raman
ld" r4, '@4''
ld" r&, '@4'&
addr4, r&
"t" '@4';, r4
High Level Language
Program (e.g., C)
Assembly Language
Program (e.g.,AVR)
Machine Language
Program (AVR)
Control Signal
Specification
Compiler
Assembler
Machine Interpretation
A = 25;
B = 8;
C = A * B;
0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000
1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110
1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001
0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111
20210
21
Or,ani"a"i Baha"a )emro,raman +a(a
Or,ani"a"i Baha"a )emro,raman +a(a
Java Language
Java Virtual Machine
Operating System
Computer H/W
-yte co'e
./M dapat lan'sun'
ber$ubun'an d'n $01
22
1omponen =tama 1omputer
1omponen =tama 1omputer
Processor
(active)
Computer
Control
(brain)
Datapath
(brawn)
Memory
(passive)
(where
programs,
data
live when
running)
Devices
Input
Output
Keyboard,
Mouse
Display,
Printer
Disk
(where
programs,
data
live when
not running)
23
ODN 24
>antai Makanan 1omputer
>antai Makanan 1omputer
4ABB
4ABB
PC Work-
station
Mini-
computer
Mainframe
Mini-
supercomputer
Supercomputer
Massively Parallel
Processors
ODN 25
)eru2ahan CCC
)eru2ahan CCC
)er/ormance.=n6uk 1er6a
Technolo,y 3d(ance" .Teknolo,i an6utan
CMOS V?S0 mendomina"i tekno "2lmnya 7TT?, !C?8 dlm hal 2iaya
AND un6uk ker6a, dan kecepatan peru2ahannya
Computer architecture ad(ance" impro(e" low#end
9un,"i
>i"e o/ networkin,.local interconnection technolo,y
1omputer Ber2a"i" )entium
1omputer Ber2a"i" )entium
rocessor*Memory
+us
CI +us
I*O +usses
26
Struktur 7=mum8 0nterkonek"i 3ntar#1omponen
Struktur 7=mum8 0nterkonek"i 3ntar#1omponen
%ro#
Cac!es
rocessor.Memory Bus
Memor2
+0O (e3i#es/
Contro""ers
a'apters
Dis0s
Disp"ays
1ey-oar's
Net2or0s
Semua komponen memiliki or'anisasi 4 antarmuka
I*O Bus
27
5ear
T
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
i 80386
i 4004
i 8080
enti um
i 80486
i 80286
i 8086
Tren Teknolo,i: 1apa"ita"
Tren Teknolo,i: 1apa"ita"
Mikropro"e"or
Mikropro"e"or
26 transistors0"$ip
73er2 1.5 2ears
"alled
8Moore9s :a1;
)lp$a 21264< 15 million
%entium %ro< 5.5 million
%o1er%" 62=< 6.> million
)lp$a 21164< >.3 million
Spar# ltra< 5.2 million
Moore9s :a1
28
Tren Teknolo,i: 1iner6a )ro"e"or
Tren Teknolo,i: 1iner6a )ro"e"or
0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
6 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
9 0 0
8 7 8 8 8 9 9 0 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 7
D E C A l p h a 2 1 2 6 4 / 6 0 0
D E C A l p h a 5 / 5 0 0
D E C A l p h a 5 / 3 0 0
D E C A l p h a 4 / 2 6 6
I B M P O W E R 1 0 0
D E C
A X P /
5 0 0
H P
9 0 0 0 /
7 5 0
S u n
- 4 /
2 6 0
I B M
R S /
6 0 0 0
M I P S
M /
1 2 0
M I P S
M
2 0 0 0
1.54X/yr
Processor performance increase/year, mistakenly
referred to as Moores Law (transistors/chip)
Tren Teknolo,i: 1apa"ita" Memori 74
Tren Teknolo,i: 1apa"ita" Memori 74
Chip D>3M8
Chip D>3M8
si 3e
5ear
B
i
t
s
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1000000000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
2ear si?e@Me'abitA 1>-=
=.=625
1>-3 =.25
1>-6 1
1>-> 4
1>>2 16
1>>6 64
2=== 256
,o1 1.4602rB or doublin'
e3er2 2 2ears
4===6 sin#e 1>-=
30
Teknolo,i 1omputer
Teknolo,i 1omputer
)eru2ahan Dramati"
)eru2ahan Dramati"
)ro"e""or
&E le2ih cepat "etiap 4,$ tahun
4''E le2ih cepat dalam dekade terakhir
Memori
1apa"ita" D>3M: &@ . & year"
1ecepatan Memori: menin,kat 4'F per tahun
Biaya per 2it: mem2aik &$F per tahun
1apa"ita" menin,kat G;E dalam dekade terakhir
Di"k
1apa"ita" di"k: H &E "etiap 4,' tahun
Biaya per 2it: mem2aik 4''F per tahun
1apa"ita" menin,kat 4&'E dalam dekade terakhir
31
ODN 32
1e"impulan
1e"impulan
Technolo,y Trend"
Capacity Speed (latency)
Logic 2x dlm t! 2x dlm t!
"#$M %x dlm t! 2x dlm &' t!
"isk %x dlm t! 2x dlm &' t!
ODN 33
Searah Komputer
Searah Komputer
Chapter 4:0ntroduction ::
Awal peralatan
komputasi
Abacus
Pascals
Calculator
(1600s)
Device yang
Dapat di program
!ac"uards #oom
(1$00)
%abbages
Analytical &ngine
(1$'()
)abulating mac*ine
+or 1$,0 census
-ollerit* cards
ODN 34
1
1
st st
Generation 4omputers
Generation 4omputers
Me"in ?a2oratorium.
Ta2un, ampa =dara
Memakai (acuum tu2e"
untuk lo,ic dan "tora,e
7"an,at "edikit "tora,e8
Di )ro,ram dalam 2aha"a
me"in
Di pro,ram "ecara /i"ik
den,an konek"i /i"ik
7hardwirin,8
)elan, mahal,
:;
&./AC 0 komputer
digital elektronik 0 1,16
1216$ vacuum tubes3
1$00 s"uare +eet3 '0 tons
A vacuum4tube circuit storing 1 byte
ODN 35
"
"
n% n%
Generation 4omputers
Generation 4omputers