9.

:
, I/4

, 2013.


(. Albert Einstein; , , 14. 1879 ,
, , 18. 1955) ,
.

. ,
. (
E=mc), 1921.
- ( 1905. Annus Mirabilis
) . ,
.

1.

1.
14. 1879. , ,
, , 100 km .
, ,
, , .
- (. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt).

.
.

,
, ,
2

 , .
, ,
.
,
,
. ,
,
.
1889, (Max Talmud - :
Talmey), ,
,
.
, ,
,
. (Luitpold Gymnasium),
.
, 1891,
, .
,
,
.
1894, ,
, .
, " ",
. ,
, 1895,
.
, ,

.
.
, 16 ,
(Albert Einstein's mirror). ,

. ,
( ), , ,
, .

, ,
.
3

 ,
, . ,

1896. .
(Jost Winteler) -
(Sofia Marie-Jeanne Amanda Winteler), ,
. ,
,
, (Michele Besso)
, . ,
, ,
. , .
1896,
,
, , .
,
,
, ( ).
1900- ,
.
, "Folgerungen aus den
Capillarittserscheinungen", " "
( 4, 513). ,
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
,
. .
, (Lieserl Einstein),
1902. .
, .
2.
,
.

1902. .
, ,
,
, .
.
4

 ,
.
.
6. , 1903. ,
,
. :
. (Ronald W. Clark),
,
, ,
. (Abram Joffe),
,
1905 , -,
. ,
(Alberto A. Martnez) ,
, , ,
. ,
.
1903. , ,

. (Alfred Kleiner)
, "
" ("Eine neue Bestimmung der
Molekldimensionen") 1905. .

3. Annus Mirabilis
1905. , ,
,
, .
( , -
.
-
, ,
, ,
.
- ,
,
- , , ,
.
(Annalen der Physik).
Annus Mirabilis ( Annus mirabilis
5

 ). (The
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, IUPAP) 100.
1905. 2005
(World Year of Physics 2005).


,
.
, , ,
, . ,
1904 ,
.
, ,
,

.
,
.
, " ?" ,
1905,
. (E)
(m) (c): E =
mc2. , 1900.
, , : m = E / c

4.
1906, . 1908,
, , (Privatdozent) (
). ,
,
.
1911. , ,

. ,
,
, ,

.
(Erwin Freundlich),
.
6

1912. ,
. , ,
. 1912,
( ,
(The Time Machine) 1895. ) 1914,
,
. . 1914 1933,
.
1920 1946,
.
1917, " " ("On the Quantum
Mechanics of Radiation", ,"Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung," Physkalische
Zeitschrift 18, 121128). ,
. ,
,
.
, , ,
(the biggest blunder of
his life).
14. 1904, , , (Hans Albert
Einstein). , , (Eduard Einstein), 28. , 1910.

, , ,
. , ,
, .
14. 1919, (Elsa
Lwenthal), , ( , ) 2. ,
1919. ,
. ,
,
. .

5.
1915,
, .

.
, ,
. (Thorne) (117-118),

7

 . : ,
,
, . ,
,
.
,
, .
( )
-.

.

,
.


.
, 1919,
( , , (Sobral, Cear, Brazil), Principe (
), ,
,
.

.

.
(The Times)
7. , "
".

";
.
.
.

 2.

30. 1921,
, .
,
- ,
. , ,
, .
,
.
( ) .
,
.
.
,
.

,
, , ,
, , .

6.

3. .

1926, (Le Szilrd)

.
, 11. 1930.
, , ,
. , .

7. []
1933,
, 1932,
. 1933. ,

, 1930-
, ,
. -,

.
,
.
(Institute for Advanced Study) , ,
10

 . 1940,
.
1939, ,
,

.
.
, , ,
.
(International Rescue Committee) 1933,
, .
8. II
,

,
. 1950, , ,
(Scientific American)
.
.

. ,

( ), ,
1970,
.

. (Grand unification theory).
1948.
(Brandeis University).
1952, .
,
.

. ,

(Menachem Begin) - .

1953, .
11

 1:15 ] , , 18.
, 1955, 76. . ,
. (Generalized
Theory of Gravitation) .
,
.
, , , ,
. .
,
. , 1999,
(McMaster University)
(operculum) ,
, (parietal lobe) 15%
. ,
, .

.
, (1930), ?
(1933, -), (1934),
(1950).

12