- active directory grouping logical computer and clients within same network / easy to monitor and administrator 41.204.150.67 webserver /// DNS forward zone using host (A) (FOR IPV4) host (AAAA) FOR ipv6 in-addr.arpa domain.(protocol used to configure reverse zone). for reverse look up zone here records using pointer (PTR). DNS QUERIES - ITERATIVE ( query to primary DNS ),which is the best query, then check to root dns server (cache), - recursive ( response what server get ). command for changing dhcp - ipconfig /release dhcp - ipconfig /renew dhcp; service in windows called roles - to install active directory either from server manager or from run (dcpromo)