WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY

The term cryptography is derived from the Greek word

Kryptos. Kryptos is used to describe anything that is hidden,
obscured, secret or mysterious.

Cryptography is the art of secret writing.

A message to be transmitted is known as plaintext or clear text

and the coded form is known as ciphertext.

    
Encryption Decryption
Plaintext                  Ciphertext                    Plaintext
Encryption is a way to send a message in coded form. It 
is the process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized 
parties from viewing or modifying it. 
SECURITY

@#$%^&!

SECURITY
Plaintext Encryption Ciphertext Decryption Plaintext
CLASSICAL CRYPTOGRAPHY
Julius Caesar’s shift cipher was introduced more 
than 2000 years ago. 
A-D
B-E
C–F
D–G

SECUR I TY

V H F X U L W B 

CAESAR is quite easy to break. A person would 
need only try a maximum of 26 permutations before 
finding an intelligible word 
 Modern Cryptography

Secret Key                                       Public Key
    Cryptography                                   Cryptography

Secret Key Cryptography

In secret key cryptography single key is used for both 
encryption and decryption. The key must be shared by 
both the sender and the receiver.
 Encryption
   Plaintext                                                      
Ciphertext
                                         
                                       Key 

Ciphertext                                                       Plaintext
                                   Decryption
Public Key Cryptography

Here each person has two keys, a private key and a 
public key. Private key is one which is known only to 
the person to whom it belongs and public key is made 
public i.e. is known to anyone.