Internet filtering is the most things that we want to cover In order to educate the

others the principle of it and why is know more important more than the pervious
years. Form this introduction; our plan in research is that, in this section we will
select the most important points that related to the subject in order to understand
the idea of the subject. We will start our research from introduction that will guide us
the inspiration of the subject and we will define to you why actually choose this topic
rather than others topic. Then the next point we will cover it is we need to
understand the organ of the Internet filtering that start comes in our life. Next, the
point that comes after of organ of the internet filtering is the most important because
it means we are going in deep and we will clarify the meaning of the internet filtering
and what are the reasons behind it. After that, when we understand the meaning of
the internet filtering and the reasons of use it, we will go deeply and we will make an
explanation of how internet filtering is work actually. In other world, how internet
filtering deal with Internet service provider. Next, we will determine the types of
Internet filtering. Then, we will determine the uses and reasons of Internet filtering
and we will recognize the purpose of it. After that, we will identify the morality and
opinion related to Internet filtering. Then, we need to know when internet filtration
can happen. In others word, what are the situational that we use internet filtering.
Next, we will make a survey in order to gathering the idea of filtering for both
students and instructor in our college. Then we will define the advantages and
disadvantages of internet filtering. Finally we will set some recommendations and
suggestions to others regarding to the subject and we will right the conclusion of it.
https://sites.google.com/site/ethics3001/internet-filtering
















Productivity
By using filtering software in business, employers can predict more productivity
from employees who have no alternatives to waste time in it.
Chat Rooms
When guardians use filtering software to block websites like chat rooms, they
hope their kids not to waste their time in inappropriate materials.
File Sharing
People use internet filters software to avoid or keep their own files such as video
and images from illegal trade.
Flexibility
Internet filtering software has settings that users can edit as they want. People
can choose what websites to block and what websites to not. But if a website has
been blocked by mistake, a user can adjust the settings to unblock such websites.
Safety
Safety is the major concerns for people. Children can use internet to help them in
their education and to finish their homework. But if those children become curios to
surf, they can surf through unsuitable websites like sexual web pages. So, internet
filters help parents to protect their kids against forbidden materials.


Security
The same for safety, people have private data which need to protect them. In
business for instance, employers need to keep employees away from some sites.
For example, using internet filters to block and keep customer information away from
falling in wrong hands, because, such this information can leak.
Privacy
It is good idea to have internet filtering software to protect personal information
from falling in wrong hands, because identity theft cause the most real threat for
people. Hackers can access to personal information and then using it in commit
fraud. Hackers can use bogus websites to access to such personal information. So
having such filters is good idea to keep identity secure and safe.[1]
2- Disadvantages
Wrong Sites Blocked (Over blocking)
Sometimes, some of internet filters can block a wrong websites based on
constant rules. For instance, safe websites can be blocked just because they contain
one unsuitable keyword. Some internet filters can block almost 20% of all the
internet contents.
Certain Sites Not Blocked (Under-blocking)
Sometimes, some of internet filters act very idle. There is no warranty
that internet filters will block all unsuitable contents. And it is hard for the machine to
identify the contents of internet or the meaning of internet contexts. Some idle
internet filters allow access to unsuitable contents like sexual or violent images, or
promotes alcohol, drugs, tobacco, crime or bigotry.
Non-Banned Sites
Internet filtering software is not perfect. In business, filters sometimes block sites
that have no problems in workplace.
Number of Websites
There is an estimated that 3 to 5 million new websites are created or
renamed every week. This can makes hard for filters to store and keep track of
information needed to filter internet contents. For instance, if a filter recognize
porn.com web page, then by the next day this web page renamed to yoursporn.com.
Employee Alternatives
If a company filters set of websites, that does not means employees cannot
access these filtered websites. Unless, they will try to find ways about how can
access to blocked websites. At least, they will try for challenge. This action can
increase security risks in business.
Accidental Access
Sometimes when employees make mistakes in typing URL or may they
redirect to a website employee does not want. And, if their employer uses
filtering software that able to take screen shots of violations, the employer can
takes this screen shots as evidence against that poor employee.
Inappropriate Use
Although, internet is very helpful, but also users face many problems like lawsuits
and sexual harassment cases. And in business, companies faced such problems
while employees downloading or watching pornography websites during work.
Filtering software can eliminate or at least reduce these illegal problems.
https://sites.google.com/site/ethics3001/internet-filtering/advantages-and-
disadvantages-of-internet-filtering






















Definition of internet filtering
To understand what does internet filtering means, first we have to understand what
does filter means and after that we will understand the both meaning. The meaning of Filter
is that, it is a program or piece of pass-through code used to examine an input or output
requested to meet requirements of criteria then process or forward it. Filter takes an input
data, processes it and makes some decision about it, and then passes it to another program.
Usually, filter has no own input or output operation. At the most, filter used to insert or
remove headers or control characters in such data. What the filter does is to compares the
contents of a web page with a set of rules provided by a person who already installed the
internet filter software. If the contents of that web page are conflict with the rules, then the
request of that web page will not complete. Moreover, filtering could be on:
1- Web sites
2- Block URL filters
3- Keywords and profiles
4- Keyword filters
5- Files and extension
6- Application and archive filters
7- Web object
8- Flash and cookies filters

There are many types of filter such as:
Hardware: it use physical device that you must use to connect
your computer to the internet. It could be cable modem, DSL router. It
is depend in your types of broadband connection that you are
purchase.
Software: comes own your computer application and usually the
most robust and offer the greatest level of protection
DNS: use DNS server to provide filtering such as OpenDNS
used to filtration. This type of filter provides an option that is free with
many of the advantages of having hardware solution. These
advantages will filter all devices in home for example such as
computers, cell phone and TV.
Internet proxy: one services of ISP is filtering using proxy. It
will filter your content on the internet. Only be sure that, the computer
is configured to use proxy.
Internet filtering is one of the key securities today. Internet filtering refers to
content control software or web filtering software that blocking unwanted content or
materials over the internet. It can deny access to pop-ups pages, advertising, wrong content or
unwanted sites, virus, file transfer, or chat rooms. So, if a person has been filtered a web
page, then the internet filter software will not complete the request of blocked web page.
Internet filters are used to monitor contents that users are allowed to read. For instance, it can
help parents to monitor internet usage of their kids. Because, children can be showing to all
manners of threat such as fraudulent websites and malicious files attached with viruses. But
the main reason that makes parents to monitor their children while they are online is that kids
may spend their time play video games instead of doing class-related assignments. By using
internet filter programs, guardians can choose and identify what websites their kids can visit.
Also, companies can block websites that they don't want their employees to access them at
work. Your filtering is depending on what the software you choose to use and your controls.
Filtering software can allow you to set up different levels of controls. So that you can give
your kids access just to certain things, your teens can have more access, and guardians can
have unrestricted online access.

For instance:
You can filter specific websites like social networking (such as chat
rooms, Facebook, and MySpace)
You can filter websites by set out keywords like adult keywords
Filter websites by their categories like blocking chat rooms, adult
websites, warez and cracks sites
Filter by identify IP address
Also, you can filter the types of access. For instance :
Blocking pop-up messages
Playing online video games
Or even filter surfing the internet
Excellent filtering software can block constantly changing websites like
CBSNews.com. Also, this excellent filtering software can block access to personal
information. Examples of this software are Net Nanny , Cyber Patrol , and Cyber
Snoop . Alternately, you could block access to all websites except the websites you
approved. Besides that, you can allow or restrict contact from specific people. .



https://sites.google.com/site/ethics3001/internet-filtering/definition-of-internet-filtering





Filtering in Schools
AASL Executive Summary

The American Association of School Librarians (AASL) conducted its national longitudinal survey, School
Libraries Count!, between January 24 and March 4, 2012. The annual survey collected data
On filtering in schools. Participants answered 14 questions ranging from whether or not their schools use
Filters, to the specific types of social media blocked at their schools.
This paper is an overview of the data that was collected. As the results show, filtering continues to be an
important issue for most schools around the country. The data from School Libraries
Count! suggests that many schools are going beyond the requirements set forth by the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in its Child Internet Protection Act (CIPA).
AASLs position views the social aspect of learning as important for students in the
21st century and much of the filtering software seems to discount that aspect.

Uses and Types of Filtering
When asked whether their schools or districts filter online content, 98% of the respondents
Said content is filtered. Specific types of filtering were also listed in the survey, encouraging
Respondents to check any filtering that applied at their schools. There were 4,299 responses
with the following results:
94% (4,041) Use filtering software
87% (3,740) Have an acceptable use policy (AUP)
73% (3,138) Supervise the students while accessing the Internet
27% (1,174) Limit access to the Internet
8% (343) Allow student access to the Internet on a case-by-case basis
The data indicates that the majority of respondents do use filtering software, but
Also work through an AUP with students, or supervise student use of online content individually.
The next question identified types of filtering software and asked respondents to
Select those used at their schools. There were 4,039 total responses. The top three filtering software was:
70% (2,827) URL-based
60% (2,423) Keyword-based
47% (1,898) Blacklists

Who and What Gets Filtered
When respondents were asked if content for students is filtered by their school or
By the district, 100% of the 4,299 respondents answered Yes. Respondents also
Indicated that in 73% of schools, all students are filtered at the same level.
When asked if the filters affect both students and staff, 88% of 3,783 respondents
Said filters are used for staff, and 56% of 2,119 respondents said the same level of filtering is applied to
students and staff alike.
The top four filtered content areas in schools surveyed include:
Social networking sites (88%)
IM/online chatting (74%)
Gaming (69%)
Video Services (66%)
Additional filtered content includes personal e-mail accounts, peer-peer file sharing
and FTP sites. However when asked if they could request sites be unblocked, 92%
of the 3,961 respondents indicated they could in the following ways:
27% (1,069) Have the site unblocked in a few hours
35% (1,386) Have the block removed in within one to two days
17% (673) Wait more than two days but less than a week
20% (792) Wait one week or more
The survey found that 68% of the decisions to unblock a site are made at the District
Level and only 17% of the decisions are made at the building level.
Bring Your Own Devices
The School Libraries Count Survey! also asked which types of portable electronic devices
Students are allowed to bring to school. Respondents were able to select all that apply.
The 4,299 responses revealed the following percentages for devices allowed:
E-readers (53%)
Cell phones (49%)
Laptops (39%)
MP3 Players (36%)
Netbooks (32%)
When students bring these items to school, 51% of 2,981 responses indicated there is
A filter mechanism used for these devices.
When answering how students personal devices were filtered, the top five answers from 1,520 respondents
were:
Through the use of the AUP (48%)
Logging on through the school network (47%)
Not having Internet connectivity (29%)
Using the discretion of the classroom teacher (28%)
Logging into a guest network (26%)

Impact of Filtering on Learning
The last filtering question discussed the impact that filtering has on the individual
Programs. Respondents were asked to select all that applied.
Of the 4,299 responses 52% indicated that filtering impedes student research when completing key word
searches, 42% indicated that filtering discounts the social aspects of learning, and 25% stated that filtering
impeded continued collaboration outside of person-to-person opportunities.
On the other hand, 50% indicated filtering decreased the number of potential distractions, 34% indicated
filtering decreased the need for direct supervision, and 23% indicated that filtering allowed
Research curriculum to yield more appropriate results.
One trend revealed in the survey is that students are increasingly allowed to bring their
Own devices to school, but those devices are still subject to the filters. Many school librarians
are reporting that true student research is being hindered by school filters, making this an issue
That AASL will continue to address in the future.
http://www.ala.org/aasl/research/slc/2012/filtering



MINISTER for Communications Stephen Conroy has vowed to push on with his
controversial internet filtering scheme, despite a barrage of criticism.
Senator Conroy told The Sun-Herald that internet advocacy groups such as GetUp! Were
''deliberately misleading'' the Australian public about the scheme, which will refuse
classification to illegal and socially unacceptable web pages. The legislation, which
was expected to be passed before Parliament rises in June, has been delayed until
the second half of the year while the government fine-tunes it.
The government's $128.8 million Cyber Safety policy includes forcing internet service
providers to block access to a secret blacklist of website pages identified as ''refused
classification'' by Australian government bureaucrats.
Web pages will be nominated for blacklisting by Australian internet users who come
across illegal or ''unacceptable'' websites.
''This is a policy that will be going ahead,'' Senator Conroy said. ''We are still consulting
on the final details of the scheme. But this policy has been approved by 85 per cent of
Australian internet service providers, who have said they would welcome the filter, including
Telstra, Optus, iPrimus and iinet.''
Figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics show that 72 per cent of Australian
households have home internet access and more than 2 million children regularly
use computers.
The scheme has attracted broad opposition from communications experts, search-engine
companies Google and Yahoo!, the federal opposition and members of the nation's
intellectual elite.
Critics claim the policy will not result in any meaningful dent in the availability of harmful internet
content, will create significant freedom-of-speech issues and will be prone to abuse by politicians.
''The scope of filtered content is so broad that it could block content that would
inform political and social debate,'' Google spokeswoman Lucinda Barlow said.
Former opposition leader Malcolm Turnbull has also condemned the proposed
filtering scheme as a ''white elephant''. ''This system will not be effective,'' Mr Turnbull said.
''This policy will run the risk of false impressions [of security], when there should be parental
responsibility.''
The executive director of digital freedom group Access, Brett Solomon, said the
Prime Minister should step in to ditch the scheme. ''The government would be better
off developing policies to ensure the privacy of Australians is better safeguarded rather
than pursuing the filter. This should be a promise that Kevin Rudd should break.''
GetUp! national director Simon Sheikh said a online petition by the activists had received support
from 120,000 people and raised $100,000 to stop the legislation. An additional opinion poll by
research firm Galaxy showed 86 per cent felt that parents, not the government, should have the
primary responsibility for protecting information on the internet.
''Consistently the Australian people are saying that they don't want it,'' Mr Sheikh said.
But Bernadette McMenamin of the child protection group Child Wise said it was
100 per cent behind filtering illegal material. ''Sites are going to be blocked that
should be blocked, and it's absolutely essential every parent is taught about the
dangers of the internet.''
The Australian Privacy Foundation, however, said the cost of the filter would be
better directed to more internet education.
Yet Senator Conroy said ''blocking material is not considered to be censorship''.
''This filter is really not changing much, except that the blacklist of website pages
will be mandatory.''
The fourth Cyber Security Awareness Week starts next week to help raise awareness of internet
privacy issues.


http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/filter-goes-ahead-regardless-20100531-
wmg7.html