1

What is a membrane? Its a lot like

skin!

A membrane is a thin layer.
Membranes are in all living
things.

FOR EXAMPLE:
Your skin is a like a membrane
that covers and protects your
body. A lot like a cell
membrane covers and protects
the cell.


This sperm cell has a
membrane.
2
What is the cell membrane really?

A cell membrane contains the
cell.

Its like the walls of your
bedroom. It separates the cell
from other cells.

The cell membrane is also a lot
like the door to your bedroom.
You can open it and let people
in or you can put up a KEEP
OUT sign and keep others out!
3
What is the function of the cell
membrane?
1. It protects the cell.
2. It lets things in and out of the cell.
3. Maintains homeostasis (balance).
4. Transmits signals
through out the cell.

4
Where is the cell membrane
located? It is the layer around the
cell.
Magnified to see
5
The cell membrane is selectively
permeable, what does this mean?
The word selective
means picky or
choosey.
The word permeable
means letting things
go in and out.
Just like the colander
lets the water out but
not the noodles.
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Are these molecules picky about
who they want on their side?
Yes, they are very
picky about what they
like!
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This is an example of a picky
membrane.
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Is this a selectively permeable
membrane?
9
Now, we are going to look at the
specific parts of the cell
membrane.

10
Why is the cell membrane called
a phospholipid bilayer? It is a
layer of 2 fats.
Water loving
Water
dislike
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The cell membrane is made up of
two layers of fat (lipids)
It contains two parts:
The hydrophilic
(water-loving) head


and the hydrophobic
(water-dislike) tails.
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Proteins help the membrane move large
substances in and out of the membrane.
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Proteins Are Critical to
Membrane Function
14
What is the protein pump used for?
15
What does the word
concentration mean?
It means that there is a
high volume of the
substance.

For example: When
you buy orange juice
from concentrate
where is there a high
volume of OJ in or out
of the tube?
16
This liquid is going from a high
concentration (food coloring) to a
low concentration in the water.
17
There are two different ways
particles move across the cell
membrane.
Passive Transport

* No energy needed
to move particles.
Examples are
diffusion and osmosis.
Active Transport

* Energy needed to
move particles.
Examples:
endocytosis and
exocytosis.
(Cyto)-Cell
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Passive transport includes
diffusion.
It is when particles
move from an area of
high concentration to
low concentration not
using energy.

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What is in milk?
Milk contains water as well as small
globs of fat and proteins that are
suspended in the water.

These fat globs are hydrophobic,
which means they cannot dissolve
in the water. The detergent added
to the pan has molecules with both
hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends.
This means that it is able to lower
the surface tension of the water,
which is approximately 87% of
milk.

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What made it work? Diffusion?
Surface tension normally holds
things in place - for example the
color didn't mix in with the
milk. It stayed put. But the
washing detergent broke the
surface tension and allowed the
milk to move around. The color
simply displays how the milk
moved.

21
Diffusion
This animation
shows blood
and urine
particles
moving through
a kidney
membrane.
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Passive transport also includes
osmosis.
Osmosis is diffusion
(moving substances
from an area of high to
low concentration, not
using energy) but
using WATER!!
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Starch in a baggie demo.
Step One:

Fill a plastic bag of
water from the tap.

Place two heaping spoons
full of cornstarch.

Stir.

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Starch in baggie demo
Step two:
Fill clear plastic cup full
with tap water.

Add 10 drops of iodine and
stir.

Place cornstarch bag in cup
and observe after 10
minutes.
What happened?

25
The second type of transport is
ACTIVE TRANSPORT.
This type of transport
needs energy to move
substances through the
cell membrane.



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Active transport is a process
where energy is used! Why?
Active transport needs
energy because it has
to move substance
from an area of low to
high concentration.
It kind of has to shove
the stuff in or out!
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ENDOCYTOSIS= Into cell
Endocytosis is the
movement of a particle
inside the cell
membrane using
energy.
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Virus
This shows a virus
moving into the cell
by endocytosis.
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Example of Pinocytosis
pinocytic vesicles forming
mature transport vesicle
Transport across a capillary cell (blue).
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Phagocytosis About to Occur
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EXOCYTOSIS= out of cell
Exocytosis is the
moving of particles
outside of the cell
using energy.
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Which cell is showing active
transport? Which cell is showing
passive transport? Why? Lets
practice!

33
What causes diffusion and
osmosis to occur?
Solution Types
Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic
3 different solutions
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What is an isotonic solution?
An isotonic solution is
a solution where
substances are going
in and out of the cell at
equal rates.
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What is a hypertonic solution?
A hypertonic solution
is a solution where
water is moving out of
the cell at a higher rate
then moving in the
cell.
This causes the cell to
shrink.
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What is a hypotonic solution?
This a solution that
has water moving into
the cell at higher rate
than moving out of the
cell.
This causes the cell to
get larger or swell.
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Can you tell what solution each
cell is in?
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Remember! Our red blood cells
are very delicate too. They also
can shrink and swell causing
severe damage.
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Lets practice our solutions!
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hypotonic
hypertonic isotonic
hypertonic isotonic hypotonic
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Which celery is showing low turgor
pressure?
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Turgor Pressure inside the cell.