Jessica Clough

Module 6

Instructional Design and Distance Education
ADDIE


Steps
Analysis
Who is the audience?
Identify the new behavioral outcome?
What types of learning constraints exits?
What are the delivery options?
What are the online pedagogical consideration?
What is the timeline for project completion?
Design
Documentation of the project's instructional, visual and technical design strategy.
Apply instructional strategies according to the intended behavioral outcomes by domain.
Design the user interface and user experience.
Prototype creation.
Apply visual design.
Evaluation
Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Jessica Clough
Module 6

Development
Developers create and assemble the content that was created in the design phase.
Programmers work to develop and integrate technologies.
Testers perform debugging procedures.
Project is reviewed and revised according to any feedback given.
Implementation
A procedure for training the facilitators and learners is developed.
Project manager makes sure that all materials and equipment are in place and the learning
application is functional.
Evaluation
Formative evaluation- present in each stage.
Summative evaluation-test design for domain specific criterion-related items and providing
opportunities for feedback from the users.
Strengths
Each stage builds on each other.
Very specific.
Schools and business/industry could benefit.
Weaknesses
Can become too methodical.
Process is time consuming.
Phases could become overwhelming.
Reaction
ADDIE is beneficial when creating a new course or project. I would use ADDIE to design a course at the
high school or college level. ADDIE reminds me of the steps required to create a PBL project. I am in the
process of creating project based learning lessons at work and I am utilizing the ADDIE model as a guide.
The curriculum facilitators dont refer to this planning as ADDIE although the steps are identical.






Jessica Clough
Module 6

Gain Attention
Inform
Learner
of
Objective
Stimulate
Recall of Prior
Information
Present
Information
Provide
Guidence
Elicit
Performance
Provide
Feedback
Assess
Performance
Enhance
Retention and
Transfer
Gagne's Nine Events


Steps
Gain Attention
Storytelling
Demonstrations
Presenting a problem to be solved
Stressing why it is important to them
Inform Learner of Objective
Allows learner to organize thoughts on what they will learn and to perform
Learning by cueing
Stimulate Recall of Prior Information
Retrieval- retrieving specific mechanisms
Scaffolding- building upon previous knowledge and skills
Present Information
Chunk information to avoid cognitive overload
Provide Guidance
Coaching on how to learn the skill
Elicit Performance
Practice the newly acquired behavior, skill, or knowledge.
Demonstrate by modeling
o Acquisition - New responses are learned by observing.
o Inhibition - A response that otherwise may be made is changed when the observer sees
a model being punished.
Jessica Clough
Module 6

o Disinhibition - A reduction in fear by observing a model's behavior go unpunished in a
feared activity.
o Facilitation - A model elicits from an observer a response that has already been learned.
o Creativity - Observing several models performing and then adapting a combination of
characteristics or styles.
Provide Feedback
Test, Quiz, or verbal comments.
Needs to be specific
Assess Performance
Test to determine if the lesson has been learned and provide progress information.
Enhance Retention and Transfer
Inform learner about similar problem situations
Provide additional practice
Put the learner in a transfer situation
Review the lesson
Strengths
Provides a checklist for educators.
Steps assist with student retention.
Weaknesses
Details limit students from guiding their own learning.
Creates a passive learning environment.
Reaction
Gagnes model is a great tool for teachers. It allows them to review prior knowledge before teaching a
new lesson. It also provides teachers guidelines to use while they are planning. I would not use this with
ever lesson due to time constraints but I will be using it during the planning and executing phases of my
project based learning unit.
ADDIE VS Gagne
Similarities
Both are instructional design models.
Both work well in education settings.
Both require clear objectives.
Jessica Clough
Module 6

Differences
ADDIE is geared more towards the overall design.
Gagnes is geared more towards the design of an individual lesson or project.
Gagne has more steps than ADDIE.





















Jessica Clough
Module 6

Business Management
Business Planning

a. Unit 1- Why a Business Plan?
a. To identify all aspects of your business
b. To minimize risk
c. To show to investors
b. Unit 2- Business Plan Components
a. Executive Summary
i. Mission Statement
ii. Summary of business plan parts
b. Business Description
i. Products/Services for sale
ii. Creators of the business
iii. Business location
c. Goals and Objectives
i. Short-term
ii. Long-term
d. Marketing Plan
i. Customer need
ii. Analysis of competition
iii. Target market analysis
iv. Price
e. Financial Plan
i. Start-up investment and other costs
ii. Projected costs, expenses, and revenues
f. Organizational Plan
i. Form of ownership
ii. Organizational chart
iii. Job descriptions
c. Unit 3- Forms of Business Ownership
a. Sole Proprietorship
i. Owned by an individual
ii. Entrepreneur
1. Assumes the risk of ownership
2. Self-starter
iii. Advantages
1. Pride of ownership
2. Full claim to assets
3. Full claim to profits
4. Ease of decision making
iv. Disadvantages
Jessica Clough
Module 6

1. Long hours
2. Have to use own resources
3. Liability and risk of ownership
4. Owner may lack skills
b. Partnership
i. Owned and operated by two or more people
ii. Advantages
1. Pooling of skills
2. Pooling of capital resources
3. Less taxes than corporations
4. Reduce competition
iii. Disadvantages
1. Disagreements among partners
2. Division of profits
3. Difficulty in exiting the partnership
4. Bound by contracts of partners
c. Corporation
1. Legally recognized as a separate entity
2. Advantages
a. Available financial resources
b. Long business life
c. Stockholders not liable
d. Ownership easily transferred
3. Disadvantages
a. Tax liability
b. Government regulations
c. Charter specifications
d. Accounting for stockholder information
Activities
Assignment 1- Business Plan Game board
In groups, students will create a game board. They will include at least 20 game spaces that will contain
facts relating to parts of the business plan and business ownership. Some of the blanks must contain
true statements and some must contain false statements. There should also be a consequence for each
blank. For a space that contains a false statement, there should be a negative consequence such as
losing a turn or moving back spaces. Students should be creative in their game board format and may
include additional components to their game. Game pieces and rules must also be included. Games will
be played by class members to test their knowledge of business plan components.

Assignment 2- Organizational Chart
Students are to go online to any search engine, and type in any corporation name. When they select a
company they are to scroll down and find a list of officers for that corporation. They are to create an
organization chart in Word either using drawing shapes or graphics and include each officer listed and
their appropriate titles.
Jessica Clough
Module 6


Assignment 4- Mission Statement Comparison Table
Students will select 4 companies from the list of Fortune 500 companies. Then, using the elements of a
mission statement, create a table that identifies each element of the mission statement for each of the 4
companies. Include the appropriate phrases or words that are contained in the mission statements and
write or type them into the appropriate place in the table. Some may be more complete than others.
Then you will rank each of the companies mission statements using the scale of your choice, from 1 to
4, using stars, checkmarks, or another indicator of your choice

Assignment 5- Business Plan Project
The city of Tyler Economic Development Council is excited to issue a challenge to bring new businesses
to the East Texas Area. The Economic Development Council will be investing $50,000 to five prospective
business owners with the best developed business plan. As a prospective business owners, we are
asking you to submit a complete business plan to the Economic Development Council buy February 28,
2015.

Business Plans should include:
Executive Summary
Business Description
Goals and Objectives
Marketing Plan
Organizational Plan

Along with a business plan, candidates are required to design a company logo, business card, flyer of
advertisement, and a company website to all us the most complete evaluation of your business.

All candidates will present their business plans upon completion.










Jessica Clough
Module 6