Unit 3 Building the New Nation

Chapters 10-12
Washingtons Brain Trust
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=notJuFGXQ9
w
Washington heads the New
Government
Unanimously
selected in 1789
Creates Presidential
Cabinet, though not
in the Constitution
4 Department heads
First Congress
creates the Judiciary
Act of 1789
Hamiltons Financial Program
Absorb all debts of the
states
unify the states under the
new federal government
With the creation of debt
both States and Creditors
have a vested interest in
the success of the New
Government
Deal struck to gain the
support in Congress of
this Plan, creation of new
Capitol

Virginia is selected for site of New
Capitol
Financial Program (Cont), Generate
Revenue as national debt grows
Excise Tax
Excise Tax
Leads to Whiskey Rebellion
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=FSOE537LE4c (9:50-
11:00)
Demonstration that the new
government intends
_______________________
___________________!
Use of Tariffs
Generation of Revenue
Import duties/Tariffs
This will help our nations
infant manufactures
Receives opposition from
those with agricultural and
commercial trade interest
Early sign of sectionalism

National bank and its controversy
manage federal deposits and issue currency
Hamilton believes that the Elastic Clause
permits the creation of such an institution,
that the constitution itself is a living breathing
document (loose interpretation)
Jefferson counters that only the States have
such authority to charter banks, part of the
10
th
amendment, (Strict Interpretation)
Washington sides with Hamilton

Two Party System

Hamilton and Jeffersons dispute evolves
overnight
Those who support Hamilton are known as
Federalist
Those who support Jefferson Democratic-
Republicans
Foreign affairs in the early republic
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlYE9h-vDF4
Washingtons dilemma
Nation obligated by 1778 treaty of alliance with France
His aim as President is to ensure the future of the new
nation, as such avoid war and remain neutral, thus no
alliances
1793 erupts between France and Britain, Washington
issues declaration of Neutrality
Jefferson and Democratic believe we should support
France in its time of Revolution
French envoy Edmond Genet begins to recruit
American citizens to his cause, eventually he is
removed from US soil
Continued tensions with Great Britain
English maintain military presence in North
America, trading arms with Natives who clash
with settlers in the Northwest Territory
1794 US forces win the decisive Battle of Fallen
Timbers, forcing the Miami to sign, Treaty of
Greenville the following year giving US most of
the Land in Ohio and Indiana
Assuming US with support France, Royal Navy
seize 300 American merchant ships in the West
Indies, Washington wants.
Jays Treaty
British to evacuate all post along border,
second time this promise had been made to
John Jay
British pledge to pay damages for past ship
seizures
US must pay still outstanding debts from Pre-
revolution
Treaty is very unpopular, barely passes in
Senate


Washingtons Exit
1795 Pinckney's treaty
signed giving US free
navigation of the
Mississippi
Washington tires of public
life
In his farewell address he
warns of the dangers of
political parties and
permanent foreign
alliances
In doing so he establishes
the two term tradition
Adams Presidency
Very Qualified for the job, no appeal to the
masses
Sweeping the New England states helps
Adams Narrowly defeat Jefferson
Continually handcuffed by pro-Hamilton
factions within his own party
Adams inherits Washingtons mess
with France
Following Jays treaty France begins to seize
US merchant ships
Adams sends diplomatic commission led John
Marshall to France,
leads to the XYZ affair
War Fever sweeps the Federalist Millions for
defense, but not one cent for tribute

The Paris Monster
Cinque-tetes, or the Paris Monster is the title of this
political cartoon satirizing the XYZ Affair. On the right, the
five members of the French Directory, or ruling executive
body, are depicted as a five-headed monster demanding
money. The three American representatives, Elbridge
Gerry, Charles Pinckney, and John Marshall, are on the left,
exclaiming Cease bawling, monster! We will not give you
six-pence!
Analyzing Political Cartoon Questions:
How would you contrast the cartoons depiction
of the U.S. representatives with its depiction of the
French Directory?
What other details in the cartoon show the
cartoonists attitude toward the French?
Hamilton Vs. Adams
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaWBs46US
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Adams avoids War
For two years US and French vassals exchange fire
While a popular idea among Federalist members
Adams seeks peaceful solution, while preparing
for War
New French dictatorship eager to avoid conflict
with US
John Marshall negotiates to end the affair in what
becomes known as the Convention of 1800

Domestic Unrest
During ongoing disputes with France congress
passes series of laws that increase Federal power
Alien Acts which raise citizenship requirements
and give president power to deport those he
deems dangerous foreign elements
Sedition Acts-deems those who impeded
government or falsely accuse public officials
would be punished
Response to unpopular Federalist Laws
Jefferson and Madison write their own
respective briefs that introduce the idea of
Nullification of Federal laws which states
deemed to be unconstitutional
The doctrine will be used again to argue of
States rights on future occasions (1828 South
Carolina)
As the election of 1800 approaches the two
parties had distinguished themselves

Election of 1800
Jefferson wins after the election goes to the
house of representatives
First time power is transferred from one party
to the next
Lack of a war with France politically hurts
Adams with his own party
Jefferson sees his election as a revolution, that
it would recapture the spirit of 76



Jeffersons governing is a paradox
Majority Rule, with minority
rights
Didnt appoint office
seekers based on Patronage
Pardoned many arrested
under the sedition laws and
signed new naturalization
laws
Did away with Hamiltons
excise tax

However..
Kept the national bank
Kept the navy despite his
original opposition to it,
used it against the Barbary
Pirates
The Emergence of the Supreme Court
John Marshalls experience at Valley Forge convince
of the need for central government, for many years
after the demise of the Federalist Party Marshalls
ruling promote the ideas of the Federalist Party
Begins his tenure as Chief Justice months before
Adams leaves office
Outgoing President Adams makes several last
minute midnight Judges
Democratic Republicans cry partisan politics
Secretary of State Madison Refuses to deliver the
Writs

Legacy of Marbury V. Madison
While Marshall refuse to compel Madison to
deliver Writs of Federalist Appointees, he
strikes down the Judiciary Act of 1789 as
unconstitutional hence the birth of Judicial
Review
Furious Jefferson attempts to have Justice
Chase impeached a move that backfires
More and More the independence of the
Judicial branch is evident
The Nation Doubles in Size
Jeffersons and Napoleon reach a deal
Napoleon coerces Spain to sell Louisiana
Delegation sent to France to purchase
New Orleans
Napoleon offers all French Territory
Treaties signed w/o Senate, Jefferson
fearful of France changing their mind
.03 per acre, another example of the
Paradox that is Jeffersons Presidency
Lewis and Clark (7:30-11:00)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMrD7JO40I
I
The Embargo of 1807
1806 Orders in Council and the British
practice of Impressments
The Chesapeake incident 1807
Jefferson takes a huge gamble and once
betrays his political conscience by signing
into law the act which bars overseas
trade
End Result
End Result cont.
Revises the Federalist party
Leads to New England region threatening
secession, actually helps New England
region to push forward with
manufacturing
Replace by the Non Intercourse Act 1809,
Opened trade with everyone but GB and
France

Road to Mr. Madisons War
Causes of War of 1812
Macons Bill#2 Play Britain and France off
each other, Napoleons take the deal, and
embargo exist only with Britain
Tecumseh, Tensckwatawa and Shawnee
Confederation (Pan Indian movement)
Continued Impressments
Western and Southern War Hawks, the new
breed Democrat Republicans
Our Second War for Independence
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwOtw9oQ
H4o&list=PL321E27132164401A

Scene 1 Causes
Scene 3 and 4 Capture of Washington DC
Scene 6 and 7 Siege of Baltimore
Scene 8 and 9 Battle of New Orleans


War of 1812
1st President Madison gets congress to approve war despite
being heavily outnumbered and outgunned by the British
2
nd
President Madison approves a plan to invade British held
Canadian land the invasion all fails and result in British Victory
3
rd
British troops advance on Washington DC and burn the
capitol, but the advance is stopped at Ft. McHenry outside of
Baltimore
4thTreaty of Ghent is signed as it restores all pre-war
boundaries
5
th
Andrew Jackson leads Americans to decisive victory at the
Battle of New Orleans; this helps increase Patriotic feelings in
America

Effects of the conflict
American Nationalism
Proved we could defend our sovereignty
Andrew Jackson becomes a national hero
Demise of the Federalist Party
National Anthem and the beginnings of a
unique American Identity
Hartford Convention
New England lent gold to England
Supported English by sending food to Canada
Radical NE Federalists:
fighting unnecessary war
Trade ruined- blockade GB
New Eng. traded w/ GB during war-gave money & food
Talked of secession or a separate peace w/ GB
Set precedent for South
End of Federalists

Era of Good Feelings
1816 The election of James Monroe
One Political Party reigns until 1828
National Bank Charter renewed
Upsurge of in nationalism following the War of
1812, evidenced in the Arts and Literature,
text books
Henry Clays American System
United The Nation economically as we headed
West
Improvements to internal infrastructure
Roads, Turnpikes, Canals, Railroads
Protect American Industry with Tariffs
South shows little support of American System
Funding was unavailable so much of these
protects fell to the states
Erie canal 1:30-7:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qup1KerWd
z0
Henry Clays Missouri Compromise
Expansion accelerates due to financial
hardships, and defeats of Natives, improved
roads like Cumberland road
Expansion means addressing the issue Slavery
Missouri territory wants to join as 12
th
Slave
State
Propose to bring Maine in a free State
In addition future territory slavery decided by
36 30 degrees north latitude

Map roads/canals

American system .

Expanding and Defining the borders
Northern Border
Treaty of 1818 : Great
Britain allowed United
States to share the fisheries
with Canada
Established the 49
th
parallel
and Louisiana territory
10 year joint occupation of
Oregon

Florida
Bulk remained Spanish
territory
South American rebellions
made Spain leave Florida
unprotected
Jackson sees opportunity
Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
Spain Cedes land
Marshall Court
Supreme Court becomes
the Highest Court
1821 Cohens vs. Virginia
1810:Fletcher v. Peck

Supremacy of the
National Government
Mcculloch vs. Maryland
( 1819)
Gibbons v. Ogden
Dartmouth college vs.
Woodward
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Colonization was over; stay out of the United
States ( Russia) leads to Russo-American
treaty of 1824
Told Europe to keep their monarchy and their
colonization our of the western Hemisphere (
Spanish)
Simply a warning to other nations.
Used in the future by other Presidents, JFK
during the Cuban Missile Crisis