Ridha Thaherah

03101403021
Kelas A
Design an exchanger to sub-cool condensate from a methanol condenser from
95C to 40C.Flow-rate of methanol 100000 Kg/h.Brackish water will be used as
the coolant,with a temperature rise from 25C to 40C.
Solution :
Heat capacity methanol (Cp) = 2,84 kJ/KgC
Heat Load = M x Cp methanol x T
=


= 4338,9 kJ/s
Heat capacity water (cp) = 4,2 Kj/ KgC
Cooling Water Flow = Heat Load
Cp water x t
=


= 68,87 Kg/s
Tlm = ( T1-t2) (T2-t1)
In (

)
= ( 95-40) (40-25)
In (

)
100000 Kg 2,84 kJ (95C -
40C)
1 h kW
h Kg C 3600
s
kJ /s
4338,9 kJ KgC
s 4,2 kJ

40C -
25C
= (40)
In (

)
= 30,78C
Saya menggunakan 1-2 shell-tube. Nilai R dan S berguna untuk menentukan
faktor koreksi.
R=

S=

R=

S=

R = 3,67 S= 0,21
Dari gambar 12.19 didapatkan nilai R = 3,67 dan S= 0,21 maka nilai Ft= 0,85
Tm true digunakan karena pada kenyataannya Tm pada lapangan berbeda
dengan perhitungan maka digunakanlah faktor koreksi.
Tm=

x Tlm
Tm = 0,85 x 31
Tm = 26C
Dari tabel 12.1 didapatkan U = 600 W/m
2
C
A =



A =

= 278.13

Karena temperature fluida yang ingin didinginkan tidak terlalu tinggi jadi dipilih
panjang tube 4.88 m (

x 16 ft),

-nya 20 mm, dan inside diameternya 16 mm,

cupro nickel.
L = 4.83 m
Area of one tube= L .

4338.9 kW

1 kW 26 600 W
4.83 m 20 mm 1 m 3.14
=

= 0.303

Number or tubes =

= 918
Karena fluida yang ada dalam shell termasuk clean maka digunakan 1.25
triangular pitch. Dari table 12.4 pada triangular pitch,

= 1.25 o.d maka

didapat

= 0.249 dan

=2.207 pada nomor pass 2.

Bundle diameter

=

(

= 20 mm (

= 826 mm
Sehingga, digunakan tipe split-ring floating head.
Pada gambar 12.10 dengan

=

= 0.826 m
Pada split-ring floating head, sehingga didapatkan Bundle Diametrical
Clearance = 68 mm
Shell Diameter (

) = Bundle Diameter (

)+ Bundle Diametrical Clearance

= 826 mm +68 mm
= 894 mm
Tube-side coefficient
Mean water temperature =

1000 mm
826 mm 1m
1000mm
=

= 33
Tube cross-sectional area =

= 201

Tube per pass =

= 459
Total flow area = (tube per pass) x (tube cross-sectional area)
=

= 0.092

Water mass velocity =



=

= 748.58

Density water = 995

Water linear velocity =



=

= 0.75

hj = 4200 (1,35+0,02t)

459 201

= 4200 [1,35+0,02 (33)]

= 8,442 (

)
= 3854,296

Koefisien ini bisa juga menggunakan persamaan 12.15 seperti dibawah ini :

= jn Re

Viscosity of water = 0,8 mNs/

Thermal conductivity (Kf) = 0,59 W/

Re =

=

= 14,925
Pr =

=

= 5,7
Neglect (

)
(L/di) =

= 302
Nilai jh didapatkan dari gambar 12.23 dengan mengplot dari Re = 14,925
dengan (L/di) = 302
Maka didapatkan nilai hj sebesar 3,7 x 10
-3

hj =

jh Re

Karena (

adalah neglect maka di abaikan. Sehingga rumusnya menjadi :

995
kg
0,75 m 16 mm

1 m N s
2

m
3
s 0,8 N s 10
3

mm
Kg m
4,2 kJ 0,8 Ns m Kg m 1 kW 10
3

W
Kg m
2
0,59 W Ns
2
1 Kj

Ns
2

hj =

jh Re

hj =

hj = 3616

12.2. Using bells method. Calculate the shell-side heat transfer coefficient and pressure
drop for the exchanger designed in example 12.1. summary of proposed design
Number of tubes = 918 mm
Shell i.d = 894 mm
Bundle diameter = 826 mm
Tube o.d = 20 mm
Pitc 1.25 = 25 mm
Tube length = 4830 mm
Buffle pitch = 356 mm

Heat transfer coefficient
As =



=
()

= 0.063m
2

Gs =

=
100000 kg 1 h 1
h 3600 s 0.063m
2


=448 kg/s.m
2

0,59
W
1 mm 3,7 x 10
-3

m 0,001 m
2

Re =

=
448 kg m
2
N.s
2
20 mm 10
-3

m
2
.s 0.34 N.s Kg.m 10
-3
1 mm

=26.353

Jh didapat dari figure 12.31 dengan memplot Re yang bernilai 2.6353x10
4
didapatkan
nilai jh = 5.3x10
-3

Pr =

=
2,84
kJ
0,34 x 10
-3
N.s m.
o
C Kg.m 1 kW 10
3
W
Kg.
o
C m
2
0,19 W N.s
2
1 kJ.S
-
1

1kW

= 5,08 ~ 5,1
Hoc =
0,19 W 5,3x10
-3
26353 5,1
(0,33)
10
3
mm
m.
o
C 20 mm 1 m

= 2272 W/m
2
.
o
C

Tube row correction factor Fn
Tube vertical pitch Pt = 0,87 x 25 = 21,8 mm
Baffle cut height Hc = 0,25 x 894 = 224 mm
Height between baffle tips = 894 2 x 224 = 446 mm
Net =

= 20
Dari figure 12.32 Fn = 1,03
Window correction factor Fw
Bc = 0,25
Hb =

( )
Hb =

( )
= 190 mm
bundle cut =

= 0,23 ( 23 percent)
Bo = 2,12
Dari figure 12.41 didapatkan bundle cut 0,23
Ra = 0,18
Tubes in one window area,
Nw = Nt x Ra
Nw = 918 x 0,18 = 165
Tubes in cross flow area,
Nc = Nt 2Nw
Nc = 918 2 x 165 = 588
Rw =

Rw =

= 0,36
Dari figure 12.33 dengan Rw = 0,39 didapatkan nilai Fw = 1,02
Bypass correction, Fb
Lb= 356 x 10
-6
Ab = (Ds-Db) Lb
Ab = (894-826) 356x 10
-6

= 0,024 m
2

Ab / As = 0,024/0,062
= 0,39
= 1,35 ( merupakan aliran turbulen karena Re>100)
Fb = exp[- x

(1 (2 Ns/ Nce)
1/3
)]
Fb = exp (-1,35 x 0,39)
= 0,59
Sangat rendah, dibutuhkan sealing strips : coba one strip four each five vertical rows.
Ns/Nce = 1/5
Fb = exp [ -1,35 x 0,39(1-(2/5)
1/3
]
= 0,87
Koreksi kebocoran, FL
Gunakan clearances sebagai standar spesifikasi
Tube to baffle

in. = 0,8 mm
Baffle to shell

in. = 4,8 mm
Atb =

( )


0,8 mm 20 mm x
3.14
(918
165)
1 m
2

2 10
6
mm
2


= 0.019 m
2

Dari figure 12.41, 25 percent bundle cut (0,25), b = 2,1 rads
Asb =

( )
4,8 mm 894mm (2x3.14 2.1) 1 m
2

2 10
6
mm
2

= 0,009 m
2
AL = Atb + Ash
AL = (0,019+0,009)m
2
= 0,028 m
2

AL/ As =

= 0,45
Dari figure 12.35 L = 0,31
Fl = 1- L[(Atb+2Asb)/AL]
FL = 1 0,3 [

= = 1 0,3 [

= = 1 0,3 [

= 1-0,409
= 0,51
Shell-Side coefficient
Hs = hocFnFwFbFl
= (2272 W/m
2o
C X 1,03 X 1,02 X 0,87 x 0,591)
= 1227,3 W/m
2o
C
Pressure drop
Cross flow zone
Dari gambar grafik 12.36, pada Re = 26353 untuk 1,25 pitch, didapatkan jf = 5,6 x 10
-2

us =

= 0,6 m/s
Abaikan viscosity term (

)
Pi = 8 jf Ncv

)
-0,14

= 8 . 5,6 x 10
-2
. 20 .

= 1209,6

Karena = 4,0
Fb = exp (-

(1-( 2

)
1/3
))
= exp (-4,0 . 0,39 (1-(

)
1/3
))
= 0.66
Dari gambar 12.38 didapat

= 0.52
FL = 1 -

[(

= 1 0,52 [(0,019 + 2 . 0,009)/ 0,028]
= 0,31

[(

= 1209,6 N/m
2
. 0,66 . 0,31
= 248 N/m
2

Window zone
Dari grafik 12.41 untuk baffle cut 25% (0,25), makan nilai Ra = 0,19
Aw = (

) (

)
= (

) (

)
= 67,4 x 10
3
mm
2
= 0,067 m
2

Uw =

=

= 0,55 m/ s
Uz =

= ( )
100000 kg 1 h 1 1
1 h 3600 s 750 kg/m
3
0,067m
2

= 0,57 m/s
Nwr = Hb /

= 8
Pw =

(2 + 0,6 Nwv)

= 0,31 (2 + 0,6 . 8)

= 257 N/m
2

End zone

[(

= 1209 N/m
2
[(8+20)/20] 0,66
= 1118 N/m
2
Total Pressure Drop
Number of baffles Nb =


1
= 12

= 2 . 1118 N/m
2
+ 248 N/m
2
(12-1)+!2 . 257 N/m
2

= 8048 N/m
2

= 8,05 KPa (1,2 Psi)

Perhitungan diatas untuk clean condition. Untuk Fouled condition:

= 11,3 KPa