| e | dt (b)
| e | dt
0 0
(c)
e
2
dt (d) both a and b
0
55. Cascade control means
(a) feed forward control (b) more than one feed-back loop
(c) on-off control (d) one feed-back loop
56. Which of the following controllers has the least maximum deviation?
(a) P-controller (b) P-I controller
(c) P-I-D controller (d) P-D controller
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57. Measurement of pressure in ammonia reactor is done by
(a) Bourdon gauge (b) U-tube manometer
(c) Inclined tube manometer (d) Pirani gauge
58. Pressure of 0.01 psi (absolute) can be measured by
(a) Ionization gauge (b) Pirani gauge
(c) Mcleoid gauge (d) Bourdon gauge
59. Continuous measurement of moisture in paper is done by
(a) sling psychrometer
(b) hair-hygrometer
(c) weighing
(d) high resistance, Wheatstones bridge circuit
60. Pressure of 0.0001 absolute psi can be measured by
(a) Meloid gauge (b) Pirani gauge
(c) Thermocouple gauge (d) Bourdon gauge
61. E.m.f. generated by thermocouples is of the order of
(a) millivolts (b) microvolts
(c) volts (d) bi-metallic thermometer
62. Measurement of sub-zero Celsius temperature in industry is done by
(a) thermocouples (b) resistance thermometers
(c) gas thermometer (d) bi-metallic thermometer
63. Starting temperature of optical radiation pyrometer is
(a) 800C (b) 400C
(c) 1200C (d) 1500C
64. Which thermocouple can be used to measure temperature around 1400C?
(a) copper-constantan (b) aluminum-chromel
(c) platinum-platinum+rhodium (d) copper-aluminum
65. pH meter has
(a) one cell (b) two cells
(c) three cells (d) no cell
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66. Maximum differential pressure in liquid manometer is
(a) 20 psi (b) 30 psi
(c) 40 psi (d) 50 psi
67. Interfacial level in pressure vessel is measured by
(a) float (b) manometers of float type
(c) U-tube manometer (d) Bourdon gauge
68. Flow rate of sludge is measured by
(a) V-notch (b) rectangular notch
(c) circular pipe (d) Kennison nozzle
69. Composition of natural gas can be determined by
(a) chromatograph (b) orsat apparatus
(c) spectrometer (d) photometer
70. Bellows are made of
(a) leather (b) paper
(c) plastic (d) thin copper
71. Flapper nozzle is a
(a) pneumatic controller (b) hydraulic controller
(c) electronic controller (d) both a and b
72. Weir valve is used for
(a) slurries (b) acids
(c) neutral solutions (d) bases
73. Valve used to supply oil to burner is
(a) gate valve (b) butterfly valve
(c) rotary plug valve (d) both a and b
74. Mode used for transmitting signal for one kilometer distance is
(a) hydraulic (b) pneumatic
(c) electronic (d) all a, b and c
75. Use of pilot in transmission (pneumatic) is to
(a) speed up signal (b) change the flow of air
(c) adjust the signal (d) all a, b and c
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76. Final control element is a
(a) valve (b) switch
(c) signal (d) both a and b
77. Example of a second order instrument is a
(a) mercury-glass thermometer with covering
(b) bare mercury-glass thermometer
(c) pressure gauge
(d) Bourdon gauge
78. Offset
(a) varies with time (b) varies exponentially with time
(c) does not vary with time (d) varies as square of the time
79. Regulator problem means that
(a) set point is constant
(b) load is constant
(c) both set point and load are constant
(d) neither set point nor load is constant
80. Servo problem means that
(a) set point is constant (b) load is constant
(c) both a and b (d) neither a nor b
81. Critically damped system means that the damping coefficient is
(a) 1 (b) < 1
(c) > 1 (d) 0
82. In Bode stability criterion, amplitude ratio at 180 should be
(a) 1 (b) < 1
(c) > 1 (d) 0
83. Phase plane method is used for
(a) linear-behavior (b) non-linear behavior
(c) both a and b (d) neither a nor b
84. Laplace transform method is used for
(a) linear behavior (b) non-linear behavior
(c) both a and b (d) neither a nor b
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85. Phase lag of first order system is
(a) tan
-1
(T) (b) tan
-1
(T)
(c) /2 (d) 0
86. P-I controller as compared to P-controller has a
(a) higher maximum deviation (b) longer response time
(c) longer period of oscillation (d) all a, b and c
87. Difference at any instant between the value of controlled variable and the set point
is called
(a) deviation (b) derivative time
(c) error ratio (d) differential gap
88. The time difference by which the output of a P-D controller leads the input when
the input changes linearly with time is called
(a) error ratio (b) derivative time
(c) proportional sensitivity (d) gain
89. Steady state deviation resulting from a change in the value of the load variable is
called
(a) offset (b) error ratio
(c) deviation (d) static ratio
90. Time required for the output of a first order system to change from a given value
to within 36.8% of the final value when a step change of input is made is called
(a) time constant (b) settling time
(c) rise time (d) derivative time
91. A controller action in which there is a continuous linear relation between value of
the controlled variable and rate of change of controlled output signal is called
(a) proportional action (b) integral action
(c) derivative action (d) proportional-integral action
92. A controller action in which there is a continuous relation between value of the
controlled variable and the value of the output signal of the controller is called
(a) proportional action (b) derivative action
(c) integral action (d) proportional-derivative action
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93. Steady state ratio of the change of proportional controller output variable and the
change in actuating signal is called
(a) proportional sensitivity (b) reset rate
(c) rangeability (d) integral action
94. In case of flow measurement by an orifice, the pressure difference signal is
proportional to
(a) Q (b) Q
(c) Q
3
(d) 1 /Q
where Q= volumetric flow rate
95. Thermistor is a
(a) semiconductor whose resistance decreases with temperature rise
(b) metal whose resistance increases linearly with temperature rise
(c) metal whose resistance does not vary with temperature
(d) device for measuring nuclear radiation
96. Which of the following factors does not influence measurement accuracy?
(a) static and dynamic error (b) reproducibility
(c) dead zone (d) none of these
97. Which of the following is suitable for measuring the temperature of a red hot
moving object
(e.g. steel ingots on roller table) ?
(a) thermocouple (b) radiation pyrometer
(c) thermistor (d) radiograph
98. Thermocouples
(a) have very slow speed of response
(b) cant be connected to the measuring instrument remotely located
(c) need cold junction compensation
(d) are much less accurate compared to bimetallic or vapor pressure thermometer
99. Selection of material for thermocouple depends on the
(a) depth of immersion in the hot fluid
(b) minimum and maximum temperature
(c) pressure and velocity condition of the fluid whose temperature is to be
measured
(d) both a and b
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100. Radiation pyrometers
(a) have very low speed of response
(b) need not see the temperature source; it is measuring
(c) cant measure temperature of objects without making physical contact
(d) none of these
101. V-notch is used to measure flow rate of a liquid in
(a) an open channel (b) a non-circular cross-section closed channel
(c) vertical pipeline (d) horizontal pipeline
102. Which of the following is not a head flowmeter?
(a) segmental orifice plate (b) pitot tube
(c) rotameter (d) flow nozzle
103. Flow rate of a liquid containing heavy solids (e.g. sand) can be best measured by
(a) pitot tube (b) concentric orifice
(c) eccentric orifice (d) rotameter
104. Orifice plates for flow measurement
(a) incurs very low permanent pressure loss
(b) has poor accuracy on high orifice ratios (above 0.75)
(c) cant be easily interchanged
(d) is best for very large liquid flows and big pipelines
105. Pitot tube is used
(a) for highly accurate flow measurement
(b) when the fluid contains lot of suspended material
(c) when the line is large and the velocity is high
(d) both a and c
106. In an area meter (e.g. rotameter), the flow rate is
(a) proportional to the square root of the differential pressure
(b) inferred from the change in area of an orifice in the flow line across
which the pressure differential is constant zero
(c) inferred from change in flow cross-section across which the pressure
differential is zero
(d) all a, b and c
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107. A rotameter
(a) incurs constant and small permanent pressure drop
(b) incurs constant but very large permanent pressure drop
(c) is inaccurate for low flow rates
(d) need not be mounted always vertically
108. On-off control
(a) fully opens the final control element when the measured variable is below the
set point
(b) fully closes the final control element when the measured variable is above the
set point
(c) is a two position (fully open or fully closed) control adequate to control
a process with slow reaction rate and minimum dead time or transfer
lag
(d) all a, b, and c
109. Floating control action
(a) moves the final control element at constant speed in either direction in
response to an error signal
(b) changes the position of the final control element from on to off
(c) is used to counteract rapid load changes
(d) both b and c
110. Cascade control is
(a) the continuous adjustment of the set point index of an automatic control loop
by a primary (master) controller
(b) used when changes in process conditions cause serious upsets in controlled
variable
(c) useful to control flow from temperature
(d) all a, b and c