CHNG 5: TRM PHT IN TU THY

5.1. CU TRC CA TRM PHT IN TU THY

5.1. CU TRC CA TRM PHT IN TU THY
5.1. CU TRC CA TRM PHT IN TU THY
5.2. CC TI TIU TH IN DI TU THY
5.3. CC CH LM VIC CA TU THY
5.3. CC CH LM VIC CA TU THY
5.4. CC CH LM VIC CA PH TI
5.4. CC CH LM VIC CA PH TI
TNH KINH T KHI KHAI THC TRM PHT IN
5.5. NHNG VN CHUNG CA TRM PHT
IN TU THY
5.5. NHNG VN CHUNG CA TRM PHT
IN TU THY
5.5. NHNG VN CHUNG CA TRM PHT
IN TU THY
5.5. NHNG VN CHUNG CA TRM PHT
IN TU THY
5.5. NHNG VN CHUNG CA TRM PHT
IN TU THY
5.6. TNH CHN CNG SUT TRM PHT V LA
CHN MY PHT

*
*
*
2. Cc phng php tnh chn
5.7. T NG N NH IN P
QUY NH CA NG KIM
CC NGUYN L XY DNG B T NG IU CHNH
IN P CHO CC MY PHT IN XOAY CHIU
*C 4 dng h thng t ng iu chnh in p in hnh l :
- H thng t ng iu chnh in p theo nhiu.
+ H.T Phc hp dng.
+ H.T Phc hp pha : Phc hp pha song song v phc hp pha ni tip.
- H thng t ng iu chnh in p theo lch.
- H thng iu chnh in p theo nguyn l kt hp.
+ Kt hp gia phc hp dng vi lch.
+ Kt hp gia phc hp pha vi lch.
I) . H thng iu chnh in p theo nhiu lon :
1/ H thng phc hp dng ( Hay cn gi l b dng) .
- nh ngha : H thng T C A theo nguyn l phc hp dng l h
thng c hai tn hiu : tn hiu dng v tn hiu p hai tn hiu ny c
cng li vi nhau pha mt chiu ( sau chnh lu ) .
- Vi cu trc nh vy h thng ch c th cm bin c vi s thay i
ca ln dng ti . H thng phc hp dng ch c kh nng gi c
in p ca my pht do mt nguyn nhn l khi cng dng ti thay i
. Chnh v vy m n t c ng dng trong thc t trn tu thu cng nh
trn b.
*Ch : Cc iu kin t kch cho mt my pht in .
- My pht phi c t d .
- Chiu kch t trng vi chiu t d .
- C tc quay t nh mc .(nf = nm)
- Tng tr trong mch kch t nh hn in tr ti hn.( Rkt < R th)
CC NGUYN L XY DNG B T NG IU CHNH
IN P CHO CC MY PHT IN XOAY CHIU
2/ H thng phc hp pha :
*Khi nim : H thng phc hp pha l h thng T. iu chnh in p theo hai nhiu
chnh l dng ti (It) v tnh cht ca ti (cos) . H thng phc hp pha gm 2 tn
hiu chnh l tn hiu p v tn hiu dng hai tn hiu ny c cng vi nhau pha xoay
chiu ( trc chnh lu ).Tc l cng vi nhau v pha . H thng phc hp pha c th
chia lm 2 loi .
+ H thng phc hp pha song song l h thng phc hp pha m tn hiu dng v tn
hiu p song song cp cho cun kch t ( tn hiu dng v tn hiu p c cng dng vi
nhau ) .
(1)
+ H thng phc hp pha ni tip : L h thng phc hp pha c tn hiu dng v tn
hiu p cng p ni tip vi nhau cp cho cun kch t ( cng p ) .
CC NGUYN L XY DNG B T NG IU CHNH
IN P CHO CC MY PHT IN XOAY CHIU
- T hai biu thc (1), (2) ca h thng phc hp pha song song v phc hp pha ni tip ta
thy chc nng ca cun cm Xk trong cc s l khng th thiu c, n to ra tn hiu
Iu lch pha so vi Uf mt gc 90. T hai biu thc trn ta thy h thng phc hp pha ni
tip v song song c kh nng gi in p n nh khi ln dng ti v tnh cht ca ti
thay i
(2)
* Chng minh bng s vc t vi phc hp pha song song .
+ Khi dng ti thay i . (It= var) , cos = hng s th Ikt = var
CC NGUYN L XY DNG B T NG IU CHNH
IN P CHO CC MY PHT IN XOAY CHIU
U
I(U)
I
2

I
1

I
KT2

I
KT1


0
Hnh A
+ Khi cos = var cn It = hng s Ikt = var
I
KT2

U
a

I(U)
I
1

I
2

I
KT1

0
Hnh B
T th vect ( hnh A) ta chng
minh c rng khi c cos = cosnt
(=cosnt). Nu It thay i t I1 I2
th dng kch t thay i t Ikt1
Ikt2 lm cho in p my pht thay
i v c nh vy iu chnh in p
my pht n nh mc .
T th vect( hnh B) ta cng
chng minh c rng khi dng ti
khng thay i nu cos thay i (
tng t 1 2 ) th dng kch t
cng thay i tng t Ikt1 Ikt2
lm in p my pht tng ln , c
nh vy iu chnh in p ca my
pht n gi tr nh mc .
U NHC IM CA H THNG PHC HP PHA
* u im ca h thng phc hp pha :
- l h thng c nguyn l n gin, tui th cao ,
- H thng hot ng tin cy ,t hng hc .
- N c kh nng n nh c in p my pht vi 2 nguyn nhn chnh l khi ln
dng ti v tnh cht ti thay i v tnh n nh ng rt tt .
- Thi gian cng kch nhanh (v n iu chnh ngay t nguyn nhn gy ra dao ng
in p)
* Nhc im ca h thng phc hp pha:
- chnh xc thp .
- H thng thng c cu to cng knh kch thc v trng lng ln .
- Kh nng t kch ban u khng cao .
* Trong thc t ci thin qu trnh t kch ban u ngi ta lm nh sau :
+ Gim tnh phi tuyn ca mch kch t .
+ Thay i tr khng mch kch t trong gii hn t kch .
+ Gia tng t d ban u ..
NGUYN L XY DNG B T NG IU CHNH IN P
THEO LCH
II). H thng iu chnh in p theo lch .
- Mt trong nhng nhc im c bn ca h thng iu chnh in p theo nhiu ( phc hp pha ) l
chnh xc khng cao. iu cng tht d hiu v h thng phc hp pha ch c kh nng gi in
p n nh do hai nguyn nhn chnh gy ra s dao ng in p l dng ti v tnh cht ca ti.
M khi ni n cc nguyn nhn gy dao ng in p ta cn phi k n s thay i tc quay ca
diezen ( n = 5% ) v s thay i nhit ca cun dy kch t. H thng phc hp pha khng c
kh nng gi n nh in p ca my pht khi c cc nguyn nhn khc hai nguyn nhn ny gy ra .
- H thng iu chnh theo lch khng quan tm n nhiu hoc bt c nguyn nhn no gy ra s
thay i in p ca my pht. N ch bit rng nu c s sai lch in p thc t ca my pht ra
khc gi tr nh mc (hoc gi tr chun) th lp tc h thng s c tn hiu iu chnh dng kch t
cho ph hp gi cho in p pht ra ca my pht khng i. H thng iu chnh in p theo
lch ch c mt phn hi in p.(Uf)
* Nguyn l hot ng: Khi in p
ca my pht dao ng khi in p
nh mc (Uf >Udm hoc Uf < Udm).
Lc c tn hiu iu khin U 0
c to ra qua b o v so snh.Tn
hiu ny c gi ti b khuyc i
khuych i ln tn hiu ln sau
a qua b chnh lu iu chnh Ikt
ln a in p ca my pht v
vi in p nh mc.
U NHC IM CA H THNG THEO LCH
* u im:
- D dng trong qu trnh t kch ban u ( v ch c mt phn hi in p ) .
- H thng n gin, c trng lng v kch thc nh ,
-C chnh xc iu chnh cao .
-y l h thng vn nng c th n nh in p cho my pht vi bt k nguyn nhn
no lm thay i Udm ca my pht.
* Nhc im :
- H thng c tnh n nh ng km. Nu khi ng cc ng c lng sc c cng sut
ln gn bng cng sut ca my pht, h thng s mt n nh dn n mt hon ton
kch t. Bi vy i vi nhng ng c c cng sut tng i ln bt buc phi p dng
cc phng php khi ng lm gim dng khi ng .
- Thi gian cng kch lu hn nguyn l nhiu.
- tin cy khng cao .
- Xc sut hng hc cao hn.
III) . H thng t ng iu chnh in p theo nguyn tc kt hp .
-Do mc in kh ho v t ng ho ngy cng cao nn vic ng dng cc phn t
in t, vi mch. ngy cng nhiu. Cht lng n nh in p ca my pht ngy cng
i hi cao hn. li dng c nhng u im c bn ca 2 nguyn l (iu chnh theo
nhiu v lch) ngi ta ch to ra c h thng iu chnh in p theo nguyn tc
kt hp. C ngha l: trn cng mt h thng ng dng 2 nguyn tc iu chnh theo nhiu
v theo lch.
- H thng t ng iu chnh in p theo nguyn tc kt hp c th phn lm 2 loi:
+ H thng kt hp gia phc hp pha v iu chnh theo lch (hnh A)
+ H thng kt hp gia phc hp dng v iu chnh theo lch (hnh B)
+ Trong phn phc hp pha (Hay phc hp dng) c gi l phn iu chnh cn
phn lch c gi l phn hiu chnh. h thng t ng iu chnh theo nguyn l
kt hp th phn phc hp pha thng to ra in p ln hn 110% Um (gi l b tha)
hoc n to ra in p cho my pht nh hn in p nh mc ( khong (6090)%Um
gi l b thiu .Sau phn hiu chnh theo lch s hiu chnh ko in p my pht
ln in p nh mc.
NGUYN L XY DNG B T NG IU CHNH IN
P KT HP
5 6
F
3
4
BAF
7
U
z

Hnh B
F
5 6
U
KT
2BA
U
1
Hnh A
U
z

- Trong (hnh A) , s dng tiristor lm phn t thc hin iu chnh . My pht c gii
thiu (hnh A) bao gm 2 cun kch t c sc t ng ngc chiu nhau, dng kch t
chnh c cp t cun tng hp ca bin p phc hp thng qua cu chnh lu dit 3 .
- Mch hiu chnh c cp ngun t cun tng hp thng qua tiristor 4 ti cun kch t
ph c sc t ng ngc chiu vi sc t ng ca cun kch t chnh. Sai s in p U
quyt nh ln ca sc t ng cun kch t ph .
+ Hnh B ng dng tiristor l phn t thc hin hiu chnh trong knh phn hi in p (s
nguyn l h thng iu chnh in p theo nguyn tc kt hp ) .
1 - Bin dng
2 - Bin p
3 - i t chnh lu
4 - Chnh lu tiristor
5 - Phn t so snh
6 - B to xung
7 - Cun cm
.
GII THIU CC H THNG T NG IU
CHNH IN P CA CC MY PHT IN
GII THIU CC H THNG T NG IU
CHNH IN P CA CC MY PHT IN
Cc h thng t ng iu chnh in p

G
TP
DL
C
R
W
R S T
P
1. H thng t ng iu chnh in p phc hp pha song song hng Still (c).
TP- Bin dng; DL- Cun cm; C- B t ci thin t kch;
P- Cn chnh lu; W- Cun kch t.
Qu trnh t kch: Khi ng iesel lai
my pht in, iu chnh tc ng c
lai t nh mc.Nh t d c sn trong
mch t rotor ca my pht lm xut hin
Ed = (25)%Em my pht. Nh Ed
qua tn hiu p qua cun cm 3 pha DL
a ti cu chnh lu to nn dng kch t
ban u cho my pht v qu trnh c nh
th lm cho in p my pht t in p
nh mc th dng li.
Qu trnh n nh in p: - Khi khng ti
tn hiu in p c xy dng da vo
tn hiu in p qua cun cm 3 pha DL.
a ti cu chnh lu to ra dng kch t
in p my pht t nh mc.
GII THIU CC H THNG T NG IU
CHNH IN P CA CC MY PHT IN
2. H thng t ng iu chnh in p phc hp pha ni tip hng Rade Koncar.
GII THIU CC H THNG T NG IU
CHNH IN P CA CC MY PHT IN
TP
W
G
R
R S T
R C
C
TK
A
X Y
B
Z
C
x
a
y
b
z
c
x
a b
y z
c
Z
C
Y
B
X
A
F P
BC
I.V
X
t
U
kt TP
I.V
z
R
I
w
S nguyn l h thng phc hp pha ni tip
hng Rade Koncar
TK- Bin p phc hp; TP- Bin dng; BC- T
ci thin t kch ban u; P- Chnh lu; F- B
lc bo v in p nh xuyn.


3. H thng t ng iu chnh in p DISB hng A.Van Kaick
GII THIU CC H THNG T NG IU
CHNH IN P CA CC MY PHT IN
3~
2 1
2
3~
4
kt
2
P
P
1
w
I
ww
I
I
R
DL
u
i
i i
w
TP
U
S khi h thng iu chnh in p my pht ng
b k hiu DIEB hng Avan Kaick: 1- Phn t so
snh; 2- Phn t phn b ti v cng; 3- B ngun
khuch i trung gian; 4- Khuch i trung gian; 5-
Khuch i thc hin; DL- Cun cm; TP- Bin dng;
P1- Chnh lu quay; P2- Chnh lu t tnh.
My pht chnh v my kch t c t chung trong
cng mt v my, c trc v roto chung nhau. Phn ng
ca my kch t l cun dy ba pha t trn roto, cung cp
dng in cho cun kch t my pht qua b chnh lu
cu 3 pha bng cc it lp t ngay trn roto.
n nh in p ca my pht DISB c thc hin theo
nguyn tc kt hp gia:
- Phc hp pha song song v
- iu chnh theo lch
MY PHT TU M HNG - TAIYO
G
AVR
RT
F
2

S
2

S
i2

SPACE HEARTER
CCT
CT
ACB
AUX
CONT
Exxx
S
1

S
i1

F
1

RC
k
l
K L
R
1
S
1
T
1
k l
K
2

l
2

1 2 3
A
B
3A
4A
3A
4A
H
1

H
2

H
1

H
2

R
S
T
R
S
T
VR
1 3
2
I
AVR

I
I
SP

R
S
T
K
2

l
2

L K
l k
CHNG 5
5.8. LM VIC SONG SONG GIA CC MY PHT
TU THY
- nghi ca lm vic song song cc my pht in:
+ S m bo cung cp nng lng in cho mi ch hot ng ca tu, c th ngt mt hay
mt s my khi t ti.
+ C kh nng khi ng c cc ng c d b c cng sut ln so vi cng sut ca my
pht .
+ C kh nng phc hi in p nhanh.
+ Khi chuyn t my ny sang my kia khng sy ra hin tng ngt in ( Ngun trn thanh
ci lc no cng c in).
+ Gim c trng lng ca cc thit b phn phi.
- Yu cu ca cc my pht khi lm vic song song:
+ Cung cp y nng lng in cho mi ch hot ng ca tu.
+ Cc my pht phi lm vic n nh vi phm vi thay i ti ln.
+ Qu trnh phn phi ti gia cc my pht phi u nhau.
+ Gi tr dng cn bng phi b nht (l tng bng khng)
I
CB
=
d
X e 2 /
1
iu kin ha ng b cc my pht xoay chiu.
iu kin ha ng b l in p tc thi ca my pht bng in p tc thi ca li. Gi
s in p tc thi ca thanh ci l:
) 240 t sin( U u
) 120 t sin( U u
) t sin( U u
0
1 1 1 1 C
0
1 1 1 1 B
1 1 1 1 A






v in p tc thi ca my pht nh ha l:

) 240 t sin( U u
) 120 t sin( U u
) t sin( U u
0
2 2 2 2 C
0
2 2 2 2 B
2 2 2 2 A






iu kin ha yu cu:
- in p my pht bng in p li.
- Tn s my pht bng tn s li.
- Th t pha ca my pht trng th t pha ca li.
- Pha ca in p my pht trng vi pha ca in p li.
Thng thng cc my pht c lp t v th nghim nh my nn iu
kin th t pha lun tha mn, in p v tn s ca my pht v li c quan st
trn cc ng h. iu kin v gc pha trng nhau l iu kin cn thit phi xc
nh thng qua cc phng php ha ng b.
5.8. LM VIC SONG SONG GIA CC MY PHT
TU THY
2
CC PHNG PHP HA NG B CC
MY PHT XOAY CHIU
1. Phng php ha ng b th:
Ha ng b th l phng php ha ng b cc my pht khi cc iu kin ha cha han ta
tha mn. Khi s xut hin dng cn bng chy qua cc my pht, hn ch dng in cn
bng khi ng my pht vo li, ngi ta s dng cun khng ni my pht qua li in. Khi
tn s in p my pht gn bng tn s nh mc th ng my pht vo li qua cun khng.
Sau khi dng cn bng gim v my c ko vo ng b th ngt cun khng ra v ng
trc tip my pht ln li. Phng php ny xut hin dng cn bng nn xy ra hin tng
cng sut ngc cho nn khng th dng trn tu thy c v li in tu thy l li mn
nn phi trang b thit b bo v cng sut ngc khi s hat ng v ngt my pht khi
li.
2. Phng php t ng b:
T ha ng b l phng php ng my pht vo li khi cha kch t cho my pht khi
my hat ng nh l ng c khng ng b; sau tng dn kch t cho my ban u my
hat ng nh ng c ng b, nu c tip tc tng kch t cho n khi my tr thnh my
pht th qu trnh ha ng b kt thc. Phng php ny cng xut hin dng cn bng nn
xy ra hin tng cng sut ngc cho nn cng khng th dng trn tu thy c.
3. Phng php ha ng b chnh xc:
Ha ng b chnh xc l phng php ha ng b m tt c cc iu kin ha u c tha
mn. kim tra iu kin ha v gc pha trng nhau v tn s ngi ta s dng cc phng
php nh: phng php kim tra bng n tt, n kim tra bng quay, phng php kim tra
bng ng b k.
3
CC PHNG PHP KIM TRA IU KIN
HA NG B
G1
R' S' T'
R
S
T
D1 D2
R
R'
T'
T
S
S'
D1
D2
120
0

: goc lech pha gia ien ap

li va ien ap may phat
a vao cong tac song song
S o he thong en tat S o vect he thong en tat
G
R' S' T'
R
S
T
D1 D3
R
R'
T'
T
S
S'
D1
D2
120
0

S o he thong en quay S o vect he thong en quay

D3
F
A
S
T
S
L
O
W
bo tr en tren bang
ien chnh
D2
D3
D1
D2
4
CC PHNG PHP KIM TRA IU KIN
HA NG B
G
R S T
R
S
T
CB
4
3
2
1
Dong bo ko thoc chut u mot muy don duc bot co so do ngoyon y nho hnh vo.
Stutor co coon duy 2 phu dooc no vo oo, rotor co 2 coon duy 2 phu no vo muy
phut. 1roc rotor dooc gun mot km ch th. 1un so gou don up muy phut vu don
up oo chonh och cung on th km dong bo ko qouy cung nhunh.
Kh tun so cou don up muy phut on hon tun so cou don up oo, l > 2 , th km
dong bo ko qouy thoun choo km dong ho vu ngooc u. Kh km dong bo ko qou
dom 0 ch th th goc phu duo cou don up muy phut vu don up oo bung nhuo.
Do do tho dom dong muy phut vuo oo kh km dong bo ko qouy chum thoo
choo km dong ho vu sup qou dom 0 ch th.
5
d. Phuong phap hoa dong ho tu dong:
Qua trinh hoa xay ra hoan toan tu dong. Nguoi van hanh ch can chuycn cong tac chon
may phat can hoa (Gcncrator Sclcctor), chuycn cong tac chon chc do hoa (Modc
Sclcctor) tu tay (Man) vang t ong (Auto).
G1
CB1
G2
CB2
G3
CB3
Bo t ong hoa
ong bo
Cac tn hieu vao
f1, f2, ... u1,u2, ...
u1,f1 u2,f2 u3,f3
Thict h] hoa tu dong vc tu dong thuc hicn cac chuc
nang:
- kicm tra dicn ap cac may phat, dicu chnh can
hang cac dicn ap ncu can thict.
- kicm tra tan vo, dicu chnh can hang tan vo ncu
can thict.
- Chon thoi dicm hoa va dong may phat vao luoi.
Vi cac thict h] hoa duoc thict kc lam vicc o chc do
ngan han, cho ncn khi may phat can hoa duoc hoa
thanh cong thi thict h] hoa phai duoc ngat ra. Tong
phu tai trcn thanh cai hay gio duoc chia dcu cho cac
may phat khi cac may cong tac vong vong hoac
chuycn tat ca vang may phat moi ncu doi may phat.
khi hoat dong vong vong, ho dicu toc vc dicu khicn
truc ticp cong vuat tac dung (kW) con ho AVR vc
dicu khicn cong vuat phan tac dung (kVAr) hoac
cov.
CC PHNG PHP KIM TRA IU KIN
HA NG B
6
FHAN CHlA TAl GlA CAC MAY FHAT kHl tAM
VlFC SONG SONG
Phan phoi tai dcu dan giua cac may phat dicn lam vicc vong vong voi nhau la mot vicc
quan trong hoi vi ncu chcnh lcch vc dan toi kha nang lam vicc khong dong dcu may nay
non tai, may kia qua tai, tlnh kinh tc khong dam hao
c khai thac thict h] khong o vung toi uu, co hai loai tai phai phan chia tai tac dung P
(tai kW), ncu phan phoi hang tay thuc hicn hang cach tang thanh rang nhicn licu o dicu
toc cua may moi hoa va giam o may da chay truoc do thong qua vicc dicu khicn dong co
vcrvo gan o ho dicu toc. Vicc chia dcu cong vuat tac dung phu thuoc vao do cung cua
cac ho dicu toc
Vicc phan chia tai phan tac dung Q (tai kVAr) phu thuoc vao do cung cua dac tlnh
ngoai cac may phat (do cung cua AVR)
Trong hc thong dicn nang tau thuy dc vicc chia tai kW va kVAr dcu giua cac may thi
dac tlnh cong vuat f = g1(P) va dac tlnh ngoai U = g2(t) tuong ung cua cac may phai co do
doc giong nhau va hang 2-4". oi voi cac hc thong dicn nang hicn dai ngay nay con ap
dung nhicu hicn phap khac dc phan chia tai giua cac may phat
kW = kW1+ kW2
kW1 kW2
May phat 2
May phat 1
50Hz
T
a
n

s
o

f
Cong suat P
kVAr= kVAr1+kVAr2
kVAr1 kVAr2
May phat 2
May phat 1
380V
Cong suat Q

i
e
n

a
p

U
7
PHN CHIA TI PHN TC DNG
1. Phan chia tai Q hang cach tu dong phan chia :
khi tai khong dcu, nho co day can hang ma ap trai dau dat lcn hai ho AVR lam thay doi
dicn ap lcn huong nguoc lai. Phuong phap nay dung cho may tu klch, phuc hop va tu
dicu chnh dicn ap. Cuon cam khang lam giam anh huong cua vong nhap nho.
8
PHN CHIA TI PHN TC DNG
2. Phan chia tai Q hang cach noi day can hang :
- No vo phu mot choot cong up kch to).
au day can hang vc phla mot chicu dung cho cac may phat cung kicu loai, cung gia tr]
dicn ap klch tu, cung cong vuat va dac tlnh ngoai trung nhau.
9
PHN CHIA TI PHN TC DNG
- Noi vc pba xoay cbico( kbac ap kcb to).
10
PHN PHI TI TC DNG
11
T NG PHN CHIA TI TC DNG
12
5.9. BO V TRM PHT IN
Trong qua trinh van hanh khai thac hc thong dicn nang tau thuy, luon luon co thc xay ra vu
co hoac hu hong trong cac chc do cong tac khac nhau : Hu hong cac cuon day cua may
phat, ngan mach mot pha hoac hai pha hoac trong noi ho cac cuon day, mat klch tu, qua
tai, qua nhict...lam cho dong trong cuon day lon va lam xuat hicn tia lua dicn lamhu hong
vtator, rotor, cac cuon day may phat. Hay may phat co thc tro thanh dong co dicn gay mat
on d]nh khi hc thong lam vicc vong vong. Do vay hao vc may phat la rat quan trong. Bao vc
tram phat dicn hao gom 4 loai :
- Bao vc ngan mach cho may phat.
- Bao vc qua tai cho may phat.
- Bao vc cong vuat nguoc cho may phat.
- Bao vc dicn ap thap.
* y nghla cua hao vc
1. Tu dong ngat mach nhung phan tu h] vu co dc loai tru phan tu do, dam hao cho
cac phan tu khac hoat dong hinh thuong. Hinh thuc nay cho phcp ngan ngua nhung
tac dong ticp thco cua vu co co thc dan toi hicn tuong ngan mach
2. Tu dong ngat mach mot vo phan tu thuoc hc thong dicn nang va du hao cac chc
do cong tac khac voi chc do d]nh muc co thc kc ra la :
- Dong dicn lon hon d]nh muc do qua tai.
- icn tro thict h] giam
- icn ap qua thap
13
5.9. BO V TRM PHT IN
* Cac ycu cau doi voi hao vc
- Tlnh chon loc : Co nghla la thict h] hao vc ch ngat nhung phan tu hu hong, vu co,
tlnh chat nay vc dam hao tlnh licn tuc cung cap dicn cho cac phu tai khac khong h]
vu co trong mang dicn tau
- Tlnh tac dong nhanh : Nho co dac tlnh nay ma co thc ha chc duoc nhung anh
huong xau doi voi may phat dicn khi lam vicc vong vong, giam tac hai nhict va dicn
dong cua dong ngan mach, giam tia lua dicn, tang nhanh kha nang phuc hoi dicn
ap, nang cao tnh on nh cho he thong ien
- o tin cay : Cac thict h] hao vc rat lt khi hoat dong, nhung khi xay ra vu co no
phai hoat dong ngay va chlnh xac.
- o nhay : day la mot dac tlnh rat quan trong cua thict h] hao vc, dac trung cho
phan ung cua thict h] hao vc doi voi vu co.
congtac
ngm
n
I
I
k
min .

kn: do nhay
tngm.min Dong ngan mach nho nhat ma thict h] hoat dong
tcongtac Dong dicn lam vicc cua thict h]
14
1. Bao vc ngan mach cho may phat :
Bao vc ngan mach cho may phat la vo cung quan trong, co thc khong co cac loai hao
vc khac cho may phat, nhung hao vc ngan mach phai co. Bao vc ngan mach hang cau chi
hoac ap to mat. Co cac khl cu dicn duoc dung dc hao vc ngan mach :
BO V NGN MCH
* Bao vc ngan mach dung ap tomat co dicn:
Co 2 gia tr] hao vc:
- tgh : dong gioi han nho nhat hao vc qua tai .
- t: dong qua tai max voi do trc t.
- t t:dong ngan mach hao vc voi thoi gian t
(thuc tc loai nay phai co cau chi dc cat dong lon hon t).
- t = 10 30 mv. t = 10 20 v.
* Bao vc ngan mach dung ap tomat co chon loc
Co ha nac hao vc: co hai giai doan hao vc qua tai tu tgh t
- tu t t:hao vc ngan mach.
- aptomat nay van phai kct hop voi cau chi.
- t = 10 30 mv. t = 10 20 v. t= 1.1 0.S v
15
BO V NGN MCH
* Bao vc ngan mach dung ap tomat hao vc nhanh:
Co 4 nac hao vc: thcm mot nac hao vc
ngan mach co thoi gian nho hon t.
Do vay voi aptomat nay khong can cau chi.
Thoi gian cat t la mot vai mv (thoi gian cat
nhanh hon ca cau chi)
* Bao vc ngan mach dung ap tomat kct hop voi cau chi
- khi ngan mach o thanh cai vc co dong lon.
ncu khong co aptomat tac dong nhanh thi phai
co cau chi hao vc may phat cung nhu cac phu
tai khac.
-khi dong qua tai va ngan mach nho hon t thi
ap tomat hao vc. khi t> t cau chi vc hao vc
voi thoi gian nho hon t.
16
BO V QU TI CHO MY PHT
Cuc muy phut um voc vo gu tr dong l > ldm cou muy phut th dooc go
u cuc muy phut um voc qou tu. 1hoo qoy phum Dung kom cuc muy
phut ch dooc qou tu ll0% trong vong l5 phot, qou tu l50% trong vong
2 phot. Kh l > l.5 ldm co nho muy phut ngun much, oc nuy cuc thot b
buo vo ngun much phu um voc.
* Cuc ngoyon nhun guy ru qou tu cho muy phut :
- Voc ngut mot trong cuc muy phut kh cuc muy phut um voc
song song.
- Kho dong cuc dong co d bo cong sout on.
- 1o dong kho dong u cuc dong co.
- Do qou tu cuc pho tu co cong sout on.
-Voc phun bo tu khong doo kh cuc muy phut um voc song
song t do duc tnh ngou khuc nhuo, huy oong duo vuo dozon khong
doo...).
- Do ngun much to xu cou cuc muy phut.
Cc vn v qu ti:
17
BO V QU TI CHO MY PHT
R le dng
R le dng trc tip
R le dng gin tip
18
BO V QU TI CHO MY PHT
19
20
BO V CNG SUT NGC
Do vo muy phut kh nhun nung oong to oo vuo, muy phut tro thunh
dong co, toc tro thunh tu too tho cong sout cou oo. Kh do do vo muy
phut xouy choo co hon toong cong sout ngooc, do vo muy mot choo co
hon toong dong don ngooc.
* Nguycn nhan :
- Do muy phut xouy choo do : mut oong duo vuo dong co dozon, mut
ho vuo tou bn t muy phut toy-bn) , Do dot duy kch to, houc do ho
hong khop no gou dozon vu muy phut.
- Do vo muy phut mot choo con do mut kch to huy don up muy phut
gum.
* Hau qua :
- Muy phut b cong sout ngooc tro thunh dong co vu nhun nung oong to
oo vu guy qou tu cho cuc muy phut khuc dung cong tuc tron oo.
- Cuy xoun troc toc tho do vo cuc muy phut.
Do hun cho hon toong tron vu hun cho khu nung ngut qou tu cou cuc
muy phut con u cun phu ngut nguy cuc muy phut um voc o cho do
dong co, toc u cun phu trung b thot b buo vo cong sout ngooc. Do muy
phut don mot choo phu co thot b buo vo hoong dong don. Do vo muy
xouy choo phu co thot b nhuy cum vo so bon do phu cou dong don
21
BO V CNG SUT NGC
R S T
RPR
J K
k
l
ACB
22
BO V THP P
ao vc dicn ap tbap :
Kh cuc muy phut dooc xuc dnh do cong tuc song song vo nhuo huy
vo cuc ngoon don bo th voc dong cuc uptomut so khong cho phop noo
kch to chou dut to t nhut u 80% tr so dnh moc. Vo moc dch tron tu
qoun nom rung cun co thot b khong cho ch cho phop dong uptomut
muy phut cou no kh gu tr don up dut gu tr dnh moc.
23
Co thoo so do trum phut don co tho
24
5.10. BNG IN CHNH TU THY
25
CC PHNG PHP PHN PHI IN NNG
Mung don tuo thoy thoong co cuc ou ho thong phun pho don nung
suo:
- Ho thong phun pho hnh tu don gun tu): tut cu cuc muy phut cup don
on bung don chnh vu to do cup troc top don cuc pho tu. Ho thong
phun pho thoong dooc up dong tron cuc tuo co trong tu trong bnh vu
nho.
- Ho thong phun pho hnh tu phoc tup tb): tut cu cuc muy phut cup don
on bung don chnh vu to do cup troc top don cuc pho tu vu cuc bung
don pho, cuc bung don pho nuy u cup don cho cuc pho tu vu cuc
bung don pho nho hon, Cuc pho tu dooc cup don troc top to bung
don chnh thoong u cuc pho tu co cong sout on nho cuc chun vt mo,
chun vt mun, houc u cuc pho tu qoun trong nho bom coo hou, muy
u,
G1
G2
Bang
ien
chnh
G1
G2
Bang
ien
chnh
5
1
1
2
3
3
2
2
3
4
4
4
4
a)
b)
26
S THANH CI
Nbim v tbanb cai: 1rong trum phut don tuo thoy, toun bo nung oong don dooc
tup trong on ho thong thunh cu vu to ho thong thunh cu don nung mo dooc
phun pho don cuc pho tu.
Thanh cai (huvhar) dooc cho tuo bung dong v dong co do dun don tot, do bon
co hoc cuo, co khu nung chong un mon hou hoc. 1hunh cu co tot don hnh cho
nhut vu kch thooc dooc chon pho thooc vuo cuc ch too knh to houc thoo doo
kon phut nong vu kom tru on dnh oc don dong kh co dong ngun much chuy
qou.
1hunh cu dooc gun co dnh trong bung don chnh nho cuc ong so cuch don.
Khoung cuch gou cuc ong so cuch don pho thooc vuo tnh toun on dnh don
dong vu thoong vuo khoung 30cm. Vo oo don 3 phu tuo thoy th ho thong
thunh cu gom 3 thunh cu dut song song nhuo. Khoung cuch gou cuc thunh cu
pho thooc vuo tnh toun on dnh don dong vu do khong gun do thuo tuc do kom
tru vu sot boong tron thunh cu, khoung cuch nuy thoong vuo khoung 8 l2 cm.
27
CC S THANH CI
Trum phut vo mot ho thong thunh cu khong phun doun tu): ho thong thunh cu
khong phun doun co cuo troc don gun, nhong co nhooc dom u noo co mot pho tu
nuo do b ngun much mu thot b buo vo pho tu do khong hout dong th cuc muy
phut so ngut ru kho oo vu toun bo tuo mut don, vu kh ton hunh buo doong thunh
cu phu cut don toun bo cuc muy phut.
Tram pbat voi mot bc tbong tbanb cai pban doan (b): thunh cu dooc chu ru mot
so doun khong pho thooc vuo nhuo vu mo doun dooc cup ngoon doc up. Cuc doun
nuy dooc no vo nhuo bung cuo duo, cuo no houc uptomut.
G1
CB1
G2
CB2
G3
CB3
G4
CB4
G1
CB1
G2
CB2
G3
CB3
G4
CB4
a)
b)
lhun doun thunh cu bung uptomut cho phop buo vo to dong ngut phun doun b so
co ru kho ho thong thunh cu. lhun doun bung cuo duo houc cuo no ch co tuc
dong ngut tong phun doun ru do buo doong sou chou.
28
5.11. TRM PHT S C
1rum phut don so co buo gom mot muy phut so co cup don to Bang dicn vu co
1oun bo trum phut so co dut o v tr cuo hon boong chnh cou tuo, dong co u muy
phut so co u doso kho dong bung don, dong co nuy dooc um mut bo mot qout
go gun dong troc vo dong co. Dong co don kho dong u dong co mot choo kch
to no top dooc cup ngoon to ucqo, muy phut don so co u mot muy phut xouy
choo dong bo 3 phu co cong gu tr don up vu tun so vo cuc muy phut chnh.
ung don so co ch cup ngoon cho mot so pho tu rut qoun trong nho muy u, cuc
thot b don hung hu, bom coo hou, bom coo dum, thot b vo toyon don, choo
sung hunh ung,
1rong cho do cong tuc bnh thoong th muy phut so co khong hout dong vu thunh
cu bung don so co dooc cup don to bung don chnh, kh ung don chnh mut
don, thunh cu ung don so co mut don, muy phut so co to dong kho dong vu
dong don on thunh cu ung don so co, to ung don so co don nung dooc cup
troc top don cuc pho tu rut qoun trong mu khong qou ung don chnh. Cou
uptomut to bung don chnh vu uptomut muy phut so co co khou on dong un
nhuo, co nghu u muy phut so co vu cuc muy phut chnh khong tho cong tuc song
song
29
S NGUYN L BNG IN S C
C1 C2
VCU
G D.E.
R S T
T BC chnh
ti
C
K
S
Ly hp
Cuon gi
Cuon hut
Cuon kch t
K
F1
F3
Auto
Man
OFF
C1
F2
ON
TRIP
n
30
5.12. IU KHIN V BO V DIESEL LAI
MY PHT IN
1. icu khicn cac dong co dicvcl
Doo khon dong co doso u muy phut thoc chut thoc hon thuo tuc kho
dong vu dong. Huo hot cuc dong co doso dooc kho dong bung go.

Cac dong co dicvcl lai may phat co 3 chc do khoi dong
kboi dong tay: mo troc top vun go vu thunh rung nhon oo don kh dut
toc do dnh moc, ngut go bung tuy. Duy u cho do kho dong so co.
kboi dong to dong: kho dong thong qou not un cup don to vun go vu bo
doo toc to dong koo thunh rung nhon oo, ro-o toc do to dong ngut go vu
to dong um voc o toc do dnh moc.
To dong kboi dong: thoc hon kh dut cho do sn sang tStund by), muy
phut so to dong kho dong kh trum phut b qou tu vu cun thom l to hop
doso - muy phut hout dong houc kh muy phut dung hout dong gup so co
phu dong khun cup.
31
5.12. IU KHIN V BO V DIESEL LAI
MY PHT IN
Cac dong co dicvcl lai may phat co 3 chc do dung

Dong bang tay: troc top koo thunh rung nhon oo vo v tr dong cho don
kh doso dong hun. Duy u cho do dong so co.
Dong to dong: un not dong cup don cho coon dong koo thunh rung nhon
oo vo v tr dong. Coon dong nuy to dong go cho don kh doso dong hun.
Coon dong thoong u x unh kh doo khon bung don houc u coon hot
don to.
To dong dong tto dong dong kh trum phut non tu vu ngut bot l to hop
doso - muy phut houc kh to hop doso - muy phut dung hout dong xuy ru
so co)

icu khicn toc do dicvcl:

ico kbicn tay: tuc dong tung gum tun so thong qou dong co sorvo gun o
bo doo toc.
ico kbicn to dong: tuc dong nho co cuo to dong phun chu tu tuc dong
tco o thot b to dong hou vu phun pho tu) thong qou dong co sorvo gun o
bo doo toc.
32
5.12. IU KHIN V BO V DIESEL LAI
MY PHT IN
Bao vc cac dong co dicvcl
Dong co doso u muy phut thoong co 2 cup buo vo: buo dong vu dong
muy. ng phu d ot ko cuc thong so co bun buo vo doso u muy
phut, cuc thong so nuy pho thooc vuo ou tuo, cup tuo, cong sout doso,
ou doso vu moc do hon du cou ho thong buo vo.
Cuc thong so buo vo nuy co tho dooc bo tr rong cho tong to hop doso
muy phut houc cuc thong so buo dong dooc go don He thong bao ong
chung buong may con cuc thong so dong dooc up dut rong cho tong
doso vu thoong bo tr chong trong ho thong doo khon dong co doso u
muy phut.
Bao ong Dng
1. Nhiet o nc ngot lam mat cao (*) 1. Nhiet o nc ngot lam mat qua cao(*)
2. Nhiet o dau boi trn cao 2. Ap lc dau boi trn qua thap (*)
3. Ap lc dau boi trn thap (*) 3. Qua toc (*)
4. Ap lc nc bien thap 4. Nhiet o kh xa qua cao
5. Nhiet o kh xa cao
33
S IU KHIN V BO V DIESEL LAI
MY PHT IN
A-1
d1
A-2
d2
A-3
d3
A-4
d4 L1 L2 L3 L4
LO-P FW-T SW-P LO-P
A-5
d5
A-6
d6 L5 L6
LO-P FW-T
A-7
d7 L7
n2
24V
DC
0V
b)
34
S IU KHIN V BO V DIESEL LAI
MY PHT IN
1R3 1R4
d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d6 d5 1R3 1R3
RL BZ
d7 d7
RESET
24V
DC
0V
SPR
1n1 1n2
G
R
STOP ALARM
c)
L
O
W
E
R
O
F
F
R
A
I
S
E
1
3
2
4
5
7
6
8
165
R
165
L
GM1
GM
GS11
L1
L2
T
U
V
W
3A
10A
F13
T11
1 2
3 4
13 14
1 2
3 4
13 14
5 6
5 6 5 6
5 6
LS11
LS12
d)
iu tc Diesel
Dng ng c servo
35
AC QUY TU THY
* Choc nung
Acqo dooc dong um ngoon don nung do tro cho cuc pho tu nho unh sung so co,
ho thong thong tn on uc, ngoon kho dong dong co doso u muy phut so co,
*Yoo cuo do vo ucqo vu so dong ucqo tron tuo thoy
-Acqo tuo thoy phu cho dooc chun dong, co tho cong tuc trong doo kon tuo b
nghong mu dong dch khong b do ru ngou, too tho cuo vu do dung thuy tho cuc
bun coc.
-Duy cup no ucqo uxt dooc um bung hop chut dong - ch, cup no ucqo kom dooc
um bung hop chut dong nkon.
-Acqo dooc dut trong cuc thong go co son cho dooc dong dch don phun.
-Acqo dooc dut trong phong co thong go do trunh chuy no.
-Acqo uxt vu ucqo kom khong dooc dut chong phong v ho uxt H2SO4 co tho
phun ong hou hoc vo dong dch don phun cou ucqo kom.
*Cuc thong so ky thout co bun cou ucqo:
-Don up: dooc do bung V, ucqo thoong dooc cho tuo co don up 6V, l2V. Moon co
don up cuo hon tu phu ghop no top nhoo bnh.
-Dong oong: dooc do bung Ah tumpo go), v do mot ucqo 50Ah noo phong
on toc vo dong 5A th so dong dooc trong l0 go.

Idt Q
36
CC LOI ACQUY C S DNG DI TU THY
u. Acqo uxt:
Cuo tuo cou ucqo uxt gom mot bnh um bung vut oo chong uxt nho nhou obont,
bon trong dut xon ko cuc bun coc doong vu um. Mo bun coc doong dooc xon ko
gou hu bun coc um, nho vuy so bun coc um buo go cong nhoo hon so bun coc
doong mot bun.
Cuc bun coc co kot cuo dung oo ch co phu thom 6 8% ungtmon do tung do
bon co hoc. Cuc bun coc doong dooc um bung doxt ch lbO2 vu dooc no vo
nhuo tuo thunh mot to bun coc doong. Cuc bun coc um dooc um bung ch lb vu
dooc no vo nhuo tuo thunh mot to bun coc um. Do gum kch thooc vu don tro
trong cou ucqo th khoung cuch cuc bun coc phu nho. Do trunh ngun much th
gou hu bun coc co dut tum ngun oo bung nhou obont.
Dong dch don phun cou ucqo uxt u dong dch uxt sonorch H2SO4. 1oy doo
kon cong tuc mu nong do dong dch khuc nhuo. Nong do dong dch cuo th kch
thooc vu trong oong ucqo nho, don tro trong ucqo nho. 1oy nhon nong do dong
dch cuo so snh ru hon toong son phut hou bun coc um gum too tho cou ucqo.
1rong oong rong cou dong dch don phun cou ucqo dut tnh u l,20g/cm2, ucqo
d dong u l,28g/cm2.
Soc don dong cou ucqo kh nup no u 2,l 2,2 V. Do dooc 6 huy l2 V tu phu no
3 houc 6 bnh thunh to ucqo.
37
CC LOI ACQUY C S DNG DI TU THY
Ngoyon hout dong cou ucqoy uxt:
Kh ucqo phong don, th phun ong hou hoc xuy ru nho suo:
lbO2 + 2H2SO4 + lb => 2lbSO4 + 2H2O

Pb
PbO2
.
.
e
Hnh 3.1 Nguyen ly hoat ong
cua ac qui ch
Nong do dong dch gum, don tro trong tung, don up tron cuc bun coc cou ucqo gum, dong
phong cung on th don up gum cung nhunh. Kh don up ch con l,8V th phu dong u, noo
khong th son phut ch tuo ru tron thunh coc qou duy, ucqo so b hong vu khong nup u dooc
nou.
Kh nup don cho ucqo, qou trnh xuy ru ngooc u:
2lbSO4 + 2H2O => lbO2 + 2H2SO4 + lb
Nong do dong dch tung, don up tron cuc bun coc tung, don
tro trong tung.
Hon toong to phong don: muc do khong cho ucqo phong
don nhong dong oong co gum dun, khoung l-2% dong
oong dnh moc trong mot nguy dom. Ngoyon nhun u do
trong dong dch don phun vu cuc bun coc co un nhoo tup
chut
Hon toong son phut hou: cuc bun coc b buo pho bo mot op
tnh tho son phut ch muo trung. Lop tnh tho nuy khong dun
don vu ngun cuch cuc bun coc vu dong dch um cho don tro
trong rut on. Kh phong, don up gum rut nhunh vu huo nho
khong so dong dooc.
38
CC LOI ACQUY C S DNG DI TU THY
b. Acqo kom:
Acqo kom co cuo tuo toong to ucqo uxt vu co hu ou pho thooc vuo chut tuc dong o bun
coc um. Cuc bun coc um u N-lo vo ou ucqo sut kon vu u N-Cd vo ou ucqo cudm
kon. Cuc bun coc doong u hydroxt kom NtOH)3. Dong dch don phun trong ucqo kom u
dong dch hydro ku KOH. Soc don dong cou ucqo kom t pho thooc vuo nong do cou dong
dch don phun, vu khoung l,25V suo kh nup no.
lhun ong hou hoc kh phong vu nup ucqo kom nho suo:
Vo ucqo sut kon:
2NtOH)3 + KOH + lo 2NtOH)2 + KOH + lotOH)2
Vo ucqo Cudm kon:
2NtOH)3 + KOH + Cd 2NtOH)2 + KOH + CdtOH)2
Nong do dong dch don phun huo nho khong thuy do trong qou trnh phong nup ucqo.
Do do ch cun t dong dch don phun cho non ucqo kom co trong oong kch thooc nho hon
ucqo uxt. Don tro trong cou ucqo kom on cho non sot up tron ucqo on.
So sunh ucqo kom vo ucqo uxt
Don up ucqo uxt on hon, hoo sout cuo hon, gu thunh tron don v cong sout thup, dong
oong t pho thooc nhot do.
Acqo kom co do bon co hoc cuo hon, too tho du hon, vu qou trnh to phong t hon.
No tro ucqo kom on hon ucqo uxt non cho ngun much tot hon.
Acqo kom co tho gun phong du hon ucqo uxt.
39
VN HNH ACQUY
Ch kh np n cho ucqoy: - Kh nup A cun do duy dong dch don phun ngup tron bun
coc l0 l5 cm. Nhot do nho hon 25 C, kh nup nhot do on hon 45 C, kh nuo nhot
do xoong doo 30 C u top toc nup.
- Do yon trong 4 l2h suo kh do dong dch mo dooc nup.
- Cun co dong mot choo do nup, co hu cuch nup : l khong do vu | khong do.
Nup A vo dong khong do : Nup hu cup.
Cup l : Nup vo ldm trong l0 go huy 8 go, kh dong oong dut 90% nup cup 2.
Cup 2 : Nup vo l = 0.5ldm.
Do vo A kom co tho nup ldm nguy to duo don coo. Duo hoo cou nup no u co hon toong
thout kh munh vu don up khong do trong 3 h.
|o dom : - Duo no top dooc nhoo Acqoy co cong dong oong.
- Co tho doo chnh don up nup do Acqoy no houn toun.
- lhoong phup nuy tot cho Acqoy nup un duo vu Acqoy b son phut hou.
Nhooc dom : - 1ho gun nup uo vu tu phu doo chnh dong nup .
Nup A vo up khong do :
Dut on mot phun to vo don up u 2.35v t do vo Acqoy uxt), don up u 2v t do Acqoy
kom).
|o dom : 1ho gun nup nhunh, nhong khong so dong cho ucqoy nup un duo, vu Acqoy b
sonphut hou. Co tho nup cho nhoo ucqoy co dong oong khuc nhuot v duo song song).
Nhooc dom : Acqoy nup khong dooc no houn toun.
40
41
CHNG 6: TRUYN NG IN
NI DUNG CHNG:
1. TRUYN NG IN THIT B LI TU THY
2. TRUYN NG IN THIT B LM HNG
3. TRUYN NG IN THIT B NEO V TI QUN DY
4. TRUYN NG IN THIT B IN BM, QUT GI
1
6.1. TRUYN NG IN THIT B LI
1. Chc nng ca h thng li tu thy:
H thng li tu thy c hai chc nng c bn l:
- iu iu khin thay i hng i ca con tu. Chc nng ny cho php
iu ng tu chy trong lung, trong vng nc hn ch, iu ng tu
cp cu, cp phao,...
- T ng iu khin tu i theo mt hng i khng i cho trc.
Ngoi ra c thm mt s chc nng nh:
- T ng iu khin tu chy theo mt hnh trnh cho trc.
- T ng dn tu bm theo mt mc tiu di ng.
- T ng trnh va.
2. Yu cu ca h thng li tu thy:
* Yu cu chung:
- H thng li phi hot ng an ton, tin cy trong mi iu kin thi tit.
- Chu c tc ng ca lc ngang n 22.50 v lc dc 11.50. Chu c
rung ng vi tn s (5 30)Hz
- Hot ng bnh thng trong iu kin nhit mi trng thay i trong
khong (-10 50)0C, v m tng i trong khong (90 95)%
2
6.1. TRUYN NG IN THIT B LI
* Yu cu i vi my li:
- My li phi c cng sut ph hp vi kch thc, trng ti, hnh dng tu.
- My li phi c cp in t hai ngun khc nhau bi hai ng cp t cch nhau
bng chiu rng thn tu.
- My li phi c ch hot ng s c c th thc hin b li c k c khi mt
in ton tu.
- Phi c ch th c kh v tr bnh li.
- My li phi bao gm hai h thng c th hot ng c lp v ng thi, trong
mt h thng phi c cng sut iu khin tu trong mi iu kin thi tit.
- My li phi c kh nng chu c qu ti 150% trong khong thi gian 1 pht.
- My li phi c bo v dng khi ngn mch, bo ng khi qu ti, phi c bo v
cui hnh trnh bng ngt in v c kh
- My li hot ng phi m, tin cy v chnh xc.
- My li phi c kh nng hot ng lin tc, phi c kh nng b li vi tn s cao
hng chc ln trong mt pht.
- Thi gian b li t ht mn ny sang ht mn khc khi tu y ti v tin ht khng
qu 28s.
- Gc b li cc i ph thuc vo loi tu, thng l 350 mi pha. 3
6.1. TRUYN NG IN THIT B LI
* Yu cu i vi h thng iu khin:
- H thng iu khin phi c nhiu ch hot ng: li n gin, li lp, li t
xa, li t ng.
- Phi c cc nm chnh nh cc thng s c bn ca h thng iu khin ph
hp vi iu kin thi tit, trng ti hng ha, tc tu,
- Phi c thit b iu khin v theo di tnh trng hot ng ca my li.
- Phi bo ng khi tu lch khi hng i mt gc t trc (thng 3, 5, 7, 90)
- Phi c y cc thit b ch th hng tu, gc quay bnh li, hng v tc
gi,
- C kh nng gi hng i con tu vi chnh xc < 10 khi tu tin vi tc
ln hn 6 hi l/gi khng ph thuc vo trng ti tu v sng n cp 3, <
30 khi sng n cp 6, < 4-50 khi sng ln hn cp 6.
4
6.1. TRUYN NG IN THIT B LI
Phan Ioai dua vao may Iai:
- May lai dien co, ch su dung cho cac tau co trong tai nho hon 2000 tan,
hien nay it duoc su dung.
- May lai thuy luc su dung bom luu luong khong doi, su dung cho cac tau
co trong tai nho hon 5000 tan.
- May lai thuy luc su dung bom bien luong, su dung rong rai cho cac loai
tau co trong tai khac nhau.
Phan Ioai dua vao che do Iai:
- Che do lai don gian, tu xa: su dung nut an thuc hien chuc nang thay doi
huong di.
- Che do lai lap: su dung vo lang thuc hien chuc nang thay doi huong di
- Che dong lai tu dong: tu dong dieu khien tau theo mot huong dat truoc.
5
6.1. TRUYN NG IN THIT B LI
ac diem cua he thong Iai
- Con tau tren moi truong nuoc la mot doi tuong quan tinh co dac tinh dong
luc hoc rat phuc tap, cac thong so dong hoc cua no thay doi theo toc do, tai
trong, song gio, dong chay, do do nguoi dieu khien phai thuong xuyen
chnh dnh cac thong so cua bo dieu khien phu hop voi dieu kien hoat dong
cua con tau.
- Con tau la mot khau dao dong do do khi co tac dong cua nhieu (song gio,
dong chay) th con tau khong tu on dnh ma he thong lai phai hoat dong lien
tuc de dam bao con tau hoat dong on dnh.
- ac tinh an lai cua con tau phu thuoc vao toc do, trong tai, dieu kien moi
truong, do sau, hnh dang bo (khi tau chay trong luong hep),
6
CU TRC H THNG LI
7
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA MY LI
1. May lai thuy lc s dung bm lu lng khong oi
Trong may IaI IIuy Iuc IoaI nay bom duoc IaI boI moI dong co dIen va IoaI
dong IIen Iuc, Iuon Iao ra moI Iuu Iuong kIong doI. Hom co Iuu Iuong kIong
doI IIuong Ia IoaI bom canI dan.
M
a
A2 A1
S
10
9
S
1
3
6
A B
P T
7
A B
P T
8
A2 A1 B1 B2
B1
A1
B1
A2
B2
A1
13
2
4
5
11
12
Trong hnh ve tren th: T- ket dau thuy luc dung cho may
lai, 2- dong co dien lai bom, 3- la bom thuy luc luu luong
khong doi, 4- van bao ve qua ap, 5- dong ho ch th ap
suat bom, 6- cum van dieu khien va phan phoi, 7-8- cac
van dien tu dieu khien be lai sang trai hoac sang phai, su
dung 2 van de tang do tin cay, 9- cum bom su co, T0-
bom tay (duoc su dung trong truong hop he thong lai
hong hoac mat dien), TT- phin loc dau hoi, T2- cac van
bao ve ap suat cuc dai khi may lai b qua tai, T3- xi-lanh
luc quay banh lai.
Khi chua co tin hieu dieu khien th ca hai cuon hut dien
tu cua van dien tu 7 (8) deu khong co dien, dau chay
tuan hoan tu ket bom van ket.
Khi co tin hieu be lai trai (hoac phai) th cuon hut dien tu
tuong ung be lai trai (hoac phai) cua van 7 (8) duoc cap
dien, dau qua van vao cac xi-lanh tao mo-men quay
banh lai theo chieu tuong ung, dau tu phia kia cua cac
xi-lanh thong qua van hoi ve ket.
May lai tren cac tau co vung bien hoat dong rong th de
tang tinh an toan nguoi ta trang b hai he thong may lai
doc lap nhau. Mot may lai bao gom mot cum bom thuy
luc, van, he thong ong, va hai xi-lanh luc.
8
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA MY LI
2. May Iai thuy Iuc su dung bom Iuu Iuong thay doi
- Bom thuy luc duoc su dung trong may lai loai nay la bom bien luong hnh sao rotor huong truc
hoac rotor huong kinh. Loai bom nay cho phep dieu khien huong va luu luong dong chay bang
cach tac dong vao co cau dieu khien tam bom. May lai voi bom bien luong co uu diem la co kha
nang tao lap thuy luc nen may lai hoat dong em hon va co do on dnh cao hon loai may lai voi
bom co luu luong khong doi.
- Hnh mo ta cau tao cua bom bien luong hnh sao, truc T co hai ranh chay theo huong doc truc
va duoc noi voi hai cua ra 7 va 8 cua bom, rotor 2 co gan cac xi-lanh 3 va piston 4, vanh dnh
tam 5 do mot dau cua cac xi-lanh 4, can dieu khien 6 la co cau dch vanh dnh tam bom. Khi
rotor quay, neu tam cua vanh dnh tam trung voi tam bom th cac khong dch chuyen trong cac
xi-lanh, luu luong ra bang 0. Heu tac dong dch vanh dnh tam ve mot phia nao do so voi tam
bom, cac piston chuyen dong trong cac xi-lanh va xuat hien ap suat ra theo chieu tuong ung (hut
vao cua 7, day ra cua 8 va nguoc lai). o lon lech tam ty le voi hanh trnh cac piston va do do ty
le luu luong cua ra.
- Voi so do tren su dung truc vit, bo tao tin hieu T6 va thu tin hieu phan hoi T7 duoc noi thanh
cau tao lap tao ra tin hieu dieu khien may phat TT gui tin hieu quay dong co tro dong 8, dong co
8 quay truc quay 9 va con chay T0, diem c dch den diem cT, tam bom dch mot khoang bbT,
bom tao ra luu luong tuong ung cap cho cac xi-lanh quay banh lai. Khi banh lai quay, a dch den
aT, bT tro ve b luc nay tam bom tro ve v tri trung tinh, banh lai dung.
9
BM BIN LNG HNH SAO

7
8
1
2
5
3
4
6
7
8
4
1
2
5
2. May Iai thuy Iuc su dung bom Iuu Iuong thay doi
- Bom thuy luc duoc su dung trong may lai loai nay la bom
bien luong hnh sao rotor huong truc hoac rotor huong
kinh. Loai bom nay cho phep dieu khien huong va luu
luong dong chay bang cach tac dong vao co cau dieu
khien tam bom. May lai voi bom bien luong co uu diem la
co kha nang tao lap thuy luc nen may lai hoat dong em
hon va co do on dnh cao hon loai may lai voi bom co luu
luong khong doi.
- Hnh mo ta cau tao cua bom bien luong hnh sao, truc
T co hai ranh chay theo huong doc truc va duoc noi voi
hai cua ra 7 va 8 cua bom, rotor 2 co gan cac xi-lanh 3
va piston 4, vanh dnh tam 5 do mot dau cua cac xi-lanh
4, can dieu khien 6 la co cau dch vanh dnh tam bom.
Khi rotor quay, neu tam cua vanh dnh tam trung voi
tam bom th cac khong dch chuyen trong cac xi-lanh,
luu luong ra bang 0. Heu tac dong dch vanh dnh tam
ve mot phia nao do so voi tam bom, cac piston chuyen
dong trong cac xi-lanh va xuat hien ap suat ra theo
chieu tuong ung (hut vao cua 7, day ra cua 8 va nguoc
lai). o lon lech tam ty le voi hanh trnh cac piston va
do do ty le luu luong cua ra.
10
MY LI VI BM BIN LNG
- \oi so do tron su dung truc vt, bo
tao tn hiou 16 va thu tn hiou phan
hoi 17 duoc noi thanh cau tao Iap
tao ra tn hiou diou khion may phat
11 gui tn hiou quay dong co tro dong
8, dong co 8 quay truc quay 9 va con
chay 10, diom c dich don diom c1,
tam bom dich mot khoang bb1, bom
tao ra Iuu Iuong tuong ung cap cho
cac xi-Ianh quay banh Iai. Khi banh
Iai quay, a dich don a1, b1 tro vo b
Iuc nay tam bom tro vo vi tr trung
tnh, banh Iai dung.
11
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA H
IU KHIN
1. He thong Iai don gian
Chuc nang cua he thong lai don gian la thay doi huong tau. Khi thuc hien be
lai, ta phai quan sat dong ho ch th goc quay banh lai, khi goc ch th tren
dong ho gan bang goc banh lai muon quay th ta bo nut an dieu khien ra.
He thong lai don gian su dung nguyen tac dieu khien OH/FF. Thiet b dieu
khien la hai nut an hoac tay dieu khien (co co cau lo xo tra ve v tri trung
gian), dong ngat hai tiep diem tuong ung dieu khien quay banh lai theo hai
chieu trai phai. Hhu vay khi dieu khien lai o che do don gian, chung ta phai
quan sat dong ho ch th goc quay banh lai. Khi goc quay banh lai dat gia tr
yeu cau th chung ta ngung dieu khien (bo nut an ra). Vi du can quay banh lai
sang trai 50, ta an nut trai (T) de be lai trai, dong thoi mat quan sat dong ho
ch th goc quay banh lai. Khi do ho nay ch 50, chung ta nha nut an. Thuc te
de banh lai dung dung v tri 50, chung ta phai nha nut an ra som hon v banh
lai, may lai va dong ho ch th co quan tinh. e tranh sai sot do nguoi dieu
khien an hai nut T/ P dong thoi th trong he thong lai cac nut an co ket cau
khoa lien dong nhau. LWP va LWT la hai ngat cuoi han che goc quay banh lai
trong gioi han cho phep (voi tau hang, tau cong-to-no, tau khach, tau dch vu,
th goc gioi han nay khoang 350 trai / phai)

y(t)
t,
o
phai
trai
y

y
0

35
0
35
0
P
T
LP
LT
LWP
LWT
P
T
T P
P
T
V+ V-
12
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA H
IU KHIN
2.
13
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA H
IU KHIN
Hnh bn la so do minh hoa mot he thong
lai lap may lai thuy luc bom bien luong
hnh sao. e dieu khien vanh dnh tam
bom nguoi ta su dung dong co tro dong
C (la dong co d bo 3 pha cong suat
nho, co 500W). co ham dong nang de
dung nhanh. Bo khuech dai la hai
khuech dai tu MYT va MY2. Khuech dai
tu co cau tao tuong tu may bien ap
nhung co nhieu cuon day, cuon dieu
khien WY dieu khien dong qua cuon
cong tac, dong qua cuon cong tac ty le
thuan voi dong qua cuon dieu khien.
Tin hieu ra lay tu cuon rotor cua sensin thu duoc chnh luu nhay pha dua den dieu khien hai cuon dieu khien cua
khuech dai tu WYP va WYT. Tin hieu ra cua khuech dai tu lay tren cuon cong tac Wp. Tuy thuoc chieu quay cua
vo-lang sang trai hay phai ma ro-le KT hay KP co dien dieu khien quay banh lai sang trai hoac phai. Khi banh lai
quay, rotor sensin thu quay theo, tin hieu dien ap ra cua XXT giam dan, khi banh lai den dung v tri yeu cau (bang
goc quay vo lang) th tin hieu ra XXT bang 0, banh lai dung.
14
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA H
IU KHIN
3. He thong lai t ong
Chc nang cua he thong lai t ong la ieu khien con tau i theo mot hng at trc.
15
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA H
IU KHIN
16
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-
73862002000200009
http://www.etrust-marine.com/repair/case-7.html
http://www.diedrichs-
schiffstechnik.de/index.php/produkte/navitron/autopilot-
systems/nt-999g
17
1
6.2. TRUYN NG IN THIT B LM HNG
ac dicm
1hot b um hung thooc nhom pho tu qoun trong tron tuo. Cong sout cou thot b
um hung chom ty trong rut on trong toun bo cong sout trum phut tuo tkhoung 40
60% vo tuo hung). 1hot b um voc o cho do ngun hun up u t25% houc 40%)
vu co cong sout on non cho do kho dong kho dong unh hoong on don trung thu
hout dong cou trum phut don, cho non cun phu co bon phup cu thon qou trnh
qou do cou thot b um hung.
Chuc nang
Choc nung co bun u xop do hung hou to tuo on bo thouc sung phoong ton khuc)
vu ngooc u. Ngou ru ho thong um hung co tho dooc so dong do dong mo nup
hum hung, tho thu duy cup,
Phan loai
a) Phan loai thco co cau lam hang
Cun cuo: co cuo tuo do 3 co cuo u nung hu cun, nung hu hung vu qouy mum, oo
dom u tho gun choun b cun cuo do um hung nhunh, nhooc dom u tum vo
hun cho, khu nung cho qou tu kom, um voc khong un toun kh tuo nghong, cun
cuo dooc so dong tron cuc tuo co trong tu nho vu trong bnh.
1o kop: co kot cuo hu cun bo tr do xong vo hu phu mun tuo,
1o don: co kot cuo mot cun co tho qouy 3 choo tron mot go do,
2
6.2. TRUYN NG IN THIT B LM HNG
h) Phan loai thco co cau truycn dong
1royon dong don co : so dong dong co don u thong qou hop so, oo dom u co
cuo tuo don gun, hoo sout cou toun ho thong cuo tkhoung 0.7 0.9), nhooc dom u
vun do doo khon toc do, do doo khon toc do ung th much doo khon rut phoc
tup.
1royon dong don thoy oc: so dong dong co don houc dong co doso u bom
thoy oc cup duo up oc cho cuc dong co thoy oc qou co cuo vun, oo dom u co duc
tnh doo khon toc do tot, khu nung cho qou tu tot, hon nuy dooc so dong rong ru
tron cuc ou tuo bon.
Ycu cau
- 1o yoo cuo knh to trong voc khu thuc tuo mu yoo cuo do vo thot b um hung
u nung sout um hung phu cuo, co nghu u tho gun um hung ngun. Ho thong
phu hout dong tn cuy vu co duc tnh doo khon tot. An toun cho hung hou, thot
b vu con ngoo.
- 1oc do nung hu hung vo tu dnh moc thoong 0.2 l.0 m/s vo thot b um
hung tho ho co, l.0 2.0 vo thot b um hung hon du.
- 1hot b phu co cuc buo vo soc cung cup, buo vo hunh trnh go hun tmoc chum
dnh, cun nung qou cuo houc qou thup,
- 1oc do nung hu hung vo tu dnh moc u Vdm th toc do nung hu hung vo tu
u l.5 l.7 Vdm, toc do nung hu moc khong u 3 3.5 Vdm.
3
NG C S DNG TRONG H THNG LM HNG
Ioai truycn dong dicn - co
Lou troyon dong don co thoong so dong cuc ou dong co suo:
Dong co khong dong bo bu phu rotor ong soc bu coon duy rong bot duo suo co so do
coc u 8/l6/32. Lou nuy co 3 cup toc do.
Dong co khong dong bo bu phu hai cuon day ba cap toc o. Coon tho nhut dooc do
no - YY co so do coc u 8/l6, coon tho hu duo suo co so do coc u 32. Lou nuy co
3 cup toc do.
A C B
Duy qoun dong co KDl hu coon duy, bu cup toc o
p = 8
p = 16
()
w
0
/2
w
0
/4
M
p = 32
w
0
Ioai truycn dong dicn thuy luc
- Lou troyon dong don thoy oc thoong so dong ou dong co rotor ong soc mot
cup toc do co duc tnh kho dong tot trotor runh suo, rotor hu ong).
4
H THNG IU KHIN CA THIT B LM HNG
Ycu cau:
Ho thong doo khon troyon dong don thot b um hung dooc ou chon tron co so
dup ong cuo nhut cuc yoo cuo du dooc dut ru cho thot b um hung, co tho u:
- lhu co khu nung doo khon do tuo ru dooc nhoo cup toc do.
- Khong thuy do toc do qou dot ngot mu phu thoo tho to to thup don cuo houc
ngooc u do trunh guy uc hung houc tuo xong oc dot ngot on duy cup.
- lhu co cuc buo vo vo don vu co kh do dum buo un toun cho thot b vu hung
hou.
Cac thong vo hao vc
1hot b um hung phu co cuc thong so buo vo suo:
- uo vo ngun much cho much dong oc vu much doo khon.
- uo vo qou tu cuc cup toc do.
- uo vo khong trunh ho thong to kho dong kh tuy doo khon dut v tr khuc
khong.
- uo vo hunh trnh cou co cuo nung hung cun, nung hu hung, qouy mum,
- uo vo soc cung cup.
5
V D H THNG LM HNG HNG SIEMENS
6
H THNG LM HNG HNG SIEMENS
7
CHNG 7: H THNG NEO V TI QUN DY
1
CHNG 7: H THNG NEO V TI QUN DY
2
CHNG 7: H THNG NEO V TI QUN DY
3
CC I LNG C BN TI NEO
2. Cac dai Ioong co ban dac trong cbo cbc do cong tac coa troycn dong
dicn nco
Cong tuc cou troyon dong don noo dooc duc trong bo cuc du oong suo:
- 1oc do tho xch noo: thoo qo dnh cou dung kom, toc do tho
noo trong bnh vo tu dnh moc V l0 m/phot, kh tho xch noo do dou
noo vuo o th toc do V < 7 m/phot, toc do tho cup booc tuo V = t25 35)
m/phot.
- 1ho gun cong tuc cou mot cho ky: pho thooc vuo choo du
doun xch noo dooc thu vu doo kon nho noo kho bon. 1hoo qo dnh
cou dung kom th tho gun nuy khong qou 30 phot.
- Vun toc tuo oc tho noo v, vun toc tuo thuy do thoo tong gu
doun tho noo.
- Loc koo tron du hnh suo 1
k
: pho thooc vuo doong knh muc
xch vu choo du doong xch noo dooc thu. Ngou ru con pho thooc vuo
cuc yoo to bon ngou tuc dong to con tuo nho go, dong chuy,
- Hnh dung cou doun xch noo trong nooc: duc trong bo goc
hop bo oc koo 1
k
vo mut phung num ngung.
4
CC GIAI ON THU NEO
3. Cac giai doan tbo nco.
1rong ho thong noo, cho do um voc chnh u tho noo to mot do suo cho
phop con o cho do thu noo tun dong trong oong cou noo vu xch noo thu noo
to do. Duc dom chnh cou ho thong kh um voc o cho do tho noo u mo mon
cun Mc tron troc dong co oon oon thuy do, pho thooc vuo cuc gu doun tho
noo, doo kon tho tot, do nong suo cou bu thu noo,
Ngoo tu chu cuc gu doun tho noo thunh 5 gu doun vo cuc doo kon suo:
Do suo thu noo dong qoy dnh.
Do du xch noo coc du.
Song go to cup 5 don cup 7.
1oc do dong chuy to 2 knot don 3 knot.
Giai doan 1
Duy u gu doun tho phun xch noo num trong bon, xch noo dooc tho vo
toc do khong do. Co mot muc xch noo dooc nhuc on kho bon th co mot
muc xch noo d qou du hnh suo. 1uo to to don dom thu noo vo toc do
khong do. 1rong soot gu doun nuy doun xch noo trong nooc khong thuy do
hnh dung, soc cung tron xch noo vu oc koo noo tron du hnh suo khong thuy
do, toc u 1
k
= const, = const, v = const. Cu doun nuy kot thoc kh mut
xch noo coo cong dooc nhuc non kho bon nhong noo vun num trong bon.
5
CC GIAI ON THU NEO

T
k
T
k
T
k
T
k
T
k

= 90
0

v
T
k
= 90
0
I II III IV
Giai doan 2
Cu doun nuy but duo nguy kh gu doun l kot thoc, duy u gu doun tho
phun xch noo vong trong nooc. O gu doun nuy doun xch noo dooc rot
ngun dun vu thung dun ru trong nooc, soc cung tron du hnh suo tung dun,
tuo top toc ton vo dom thu noo vo toc do khong do, toc u 1
k
= tung, =
tung, v = const. Cu doun nuy kot thoc kh xch noo thung trong nooc. 6
CC GIAI ON THU NEO
Giai doan 3
Duy u gu doun rut ngun cou qou trnh tho noo, dooc tnh to kh xch noo
hot do vong don kh noo dooc nho but non kho bon. Loc nuy tuo du ton don
gun dom thu noo, soc cung tron du hnh suo dut gu tr on nhut, noo noo
khong dooc nho but kho bon th dong co so b dong doo don tdo oc koo
noo nho hon oc cun cou noo houc noo muc vuo du ngum). 1oc do cou tuo
gum. 1
k
= mux = const, = tung t90
0
o coo gu doun lll), v = gum.
Chu ,: Cuo ga doan , |au |cn dcn dcm |ha nco, doan xch nco |u o
nco dcn nco a ngan nha| bang do au |ha nco). Thco quan |nh |au |cp
|uc |cn vc pha |ruoc am nco ba| ra |ho bun.
Giai doan 4
Cu doun nuy dooc tnh to kh noo dooc nho non kho bon cho don kh
choun b dooc dou vuo o noo. O gu doun nuy noo vu xch noo dooc tho ngun
dun, voc tho noo khong unh hoong don toc do cou tuo. 1
k
= gum, = 90
0
, v
= tung dun.
7
QU TRNH TH NEO
4. Qoa trnb tba nco
Noo do suo thu noo doo 25m, th co tho thu noo ro to do. 1hu noo to do dooc
thoc hon bung cuch nhu y hop, tuch du hnh suo ru kho ho thong troyon dong co kh,
no ong phunh co kh, trong oong cou noo so um noo vu xch ro to do.
Noo do suo thu noo on, voc thu noo dooc thoc hon nho dong co don. 1roong
hop nuy khong dooc do noo ro to do v so ngoy hom cho ho thong.
S. ong co so dong trong troycn dong dicn nco toi qoan day
Lou dong co so dong trong troyon dong don to noo toong to nho trong troyon dong
don thot b um hung.
S.1 Ioai truycn dong dicn - co
Lou troyon dong don co thoong so dong cuc ou dong co suo:
Dong co khong dong bo bu phu rotor ong soc bu coon duy rong bot duo suo co so
do coc u 8/l6/32. Lou nuy co 3 cup toc do.
Dong co khong dong bo bu phu ha cuon da, ba cap |oc do. Coon tho nhut dooc do
no - YY co so do coc u 8/l6, coon tho hu duo suo co so do coc u 32. Lou nuy co
3 cup toc do.
Dong co don khong dong bo bu phu rotor ong soc: so dong vo bo doo khon bon
tun. Lou nuy co tho doo khon toc do ung.
S.2 Ioai truycn dong dicn thuy luc
Lou troyon dong don thoy oc thoong so dong ou dong co rotor ong soc mot cup
toc do co duc tnh kho dong tot trotor runh suo, rotor hu ong).

8
H THNG IU KHIN
6. Hc tbong dico kbicn
1.khai nicm chung
O phun nuy chong tu ch go hun thot b noo don co.
Ho thong doo khon troyon dong don thot b noo dooc ou chon tron co so dup ong cuo nhut
cuc yoo cuo du dooc dut ru cho thot b noo, co tho u:
lhu co khu nung doo khon do tuo ru dooc nhoo cup toc do.
Khong thuy do toc do qou dot ngot mu phu thoo tho to to thup don cuo houc ngooc u do tuo
xong oc dot ngot on du hnh suo.
lhu co cuc buo vo vo don vu co kh do dum buo un toun cho thot b vu con ngoo.
Nguy nuy thot b troyon dong don noo tron tuo thoy thoong co cuc hnh thoc doo khon suo:
Dong tuy khong cho doo khon troc top dong co don. Lou nuy thoong so dong cho cuc thot b
co cong sout nho. Ho thong nuy co cuo tuo don gun, do dung up rup sou chou.
Dong tuy doo khon kot hop vo trum to. 1uy doo khon dooc dut o v tr thoun o cho voc doo
khon, trum to co tho dut o mot boong rong bot dum buo kn nooc, do buo doong sou chou,
Lou nuy dooc so dong cho cuc thot b co cong sout trong bnh vu on.
Dong bo bon tun doo khon dong co don. Lou nuy co toc do doo khon ung vu duc tnh doo
khon tot nhut, du toc do doo khon rong, nguy cung dooc so dong rong ru cho cuc thot b co
cong sout to nho don on.
6.2 Cac thong vo hao vc
1hot b noo phu co cuc thong so buo vo suo:
uo vo ngun much cho much dong oc vu much doo khon.
uo vo qou tu cuc cup toc do.
uo vo khong trunh ho thong to kho dong kh tuy doo khon dut v tr khuc khong.
9
10
C TNH C CA NG C
n+
n-
Mc
Mc
n
01
n
02
n
03
n
01
n
02
n
03
M+
M-
M
CT
11
TRUYN NG IN MY PH BUNG MY
4.1. ac tnb cbong coa tbict b| bom qoat gio.
1. ac tnb cbong
1ron tuo thoy, thot b bom qout go dooc xop vuo nhom muy pho qoun
trong. Nho tu du bot, troyon dong don muy pho tron tuo thoy too tho to
90% tong cong sout cou toun trum trong do nhom muy pho boong muy chom
40% - 60% . O nhong tuo choyon dong ttuo duo) troyon dong don thot b
bom qout go co y nghu rut qoun trong vu cong sout chong too tho con on
hon.1hong thoong nhom nuy khong yoo cuo doo chnh toc do vu duo choo.
Do do dong co u u dong co ong soc toc do cuo.
Truycn dong dicn thict h] hom quat gio trcn tau thuy thuc hicn cac
chuc nang:
lhoc vo cho hunh trnh cou con tuo: cuc ou bom duo dot, bom duo bo
tron, cuc ou bom nooc um mut.
Dum buo un toun kh chuy tuo: cuc ou bom choyon duo dot, bom
choyon duo nhon, bom u cunh, bom coo hou.
Dum buo snh hout cho thoyon von: cuc qout thong go o phong o, cuc
no snh hout, cuc bom nooc snh hout cho phong o thoyon von
lhoc vo cho khu thuc: cuc ou bom thoy oc o cuc thot b thoy oc, cuc
ou bom choyon duo, qout go thong go hum hung
12
IU KHIN BM NC SINH HOT
13
C

IU KHIN MY NN KH

14
15
BM
BALAT
16
17
CHNG 8: CHIU SNG TU THY
l. Khu nom chong.
Nung oong don cup non thunh
cu trong bung don chnh ro to do
phun pho don cuc bung don pho vu
cuc pho tu.
1rong ho thong don doo tuo thoy
ngoo tu chu ru um 2 ou oo don :
- Loo don cho mung dong oc.
- Loo don cho mung choo sung, snh
hout, kom tru, buo chuy
Ho thong nung oong phu dup ong
dooc nhong yoo cuo vo do tn cuy,
cong cup nung oong on toc, co dong
thoun ton vu do dung cho ngoo so
dong vu co tnh knh to cuo.
en cac bang ieu khien
chieu sang chnh 220V
en cac bang ieu khien
chieu sang s co 220V
Bang phan phoi ien chnh Bang phan phoi ien s co
Bien ap chieu sang so 1 Bien ap chieu sang so 2
Bien ap chieu sang s co
Bien ap 220V/24V nap ac-qui
cap cho thiet b radio va chieu
sang s co 24VDC
Nap acqui
so 1 & 2
Chieu sang s co
24VDC
1
CHNG 8: CHIU SNG TU THY
CAC LOAl DLN S| D|NC 1kLN 1A| 1H|Y:
1uo oon hout dong trong doo kon rut khuc nghot t Song, go, rong uc ) non ho thong
choo sung phu dum buo dooc yoo cuo cou dung kom, co cuo tuo chuc chun, bo tr hop y
1ron tuo thoong so dong cuc ou don cho yoo suo :
- Don so dot.
-Don Noon.
-Don cuo up thoy ngun.
- Don phu
Ngou don choo sung bnh thoong, o nhong v tr qoun trong con co cuc don so co. Kh
trum phut don chnh b so co th trum phut don so co so to dong dong don cho cuc v tr choo
sung qoun trong.
Cuc thong so cou don:
- Don up dnh moc | < 220V.
- Cong sout dnh moc l500\ tro xoong.
- oung thong cou don : 1oy | vu l trong bung so co cuc gu tr khuc nhuo.
- Hoo sout phut qoung : to 7 l2 m/v tomon/vut).
- 1oo tho trong bnh : l000h. Suo l000h qoung thong gum 75 % co nho don hong.1oo tho
cou bong don pho thooc rut nhoo vuo so on dnh cou don up
- Muo suc cou unh sung : vung + do + trng ....
2
CAC LOAI EN S DUNG TREN TAU THUY
Cuu luo : Duy loc dul liong hong lluy
ngun co cluu llI lio louc du lul lel
llong llI. Duy loc Ium hung lIm IouI co
llu nung lul quung vu clu duoc nlIel
do cuo, lluong Iu VonIium. Tluong uung
cuc IouI hong duI xouy uo IouI nuy co do
cluc clun vu do lIn cuy cuo.
1. en si ot

ui en
Bot dap ho quang
Cau ch bao ve
Bong en
Day va a ien en
si ot
Si ot
Ap suat kh tr cao lam
tang tuoi tho si ot
2. en phong ien
a) en hi Natri thap ap:
en co uung ong, cluu loI nuliI vu llI neon. Cuc duc dIem cuu den NuliI Iu:
en co unl sung do uu cum.
HIeu suul lul sung Ien den 1uuImlW.
TuoI llo cuo, lloung 8uuu gIo.
b) en Natri cao ap
Co lle Ium vIec o u suul loI vu nlIel do cuo lon (1uuu
u
C).
en co unl sung liung.
HIeu quu clIeu sung Ien den 12uImlW.
TuoI llo cuo, lloung 1u uuu gIo.
3
CAC LOAI EN S DUNG TREN TAU THUY
c) en luIogen lIm IouI
en luIogen lIm IouI su uung lon lo loI
lluy ngun vu luIogen. Cuc uuc liung cuu den Iu:
HIeu suul clIeu sung Iu uImlW.
TuoI llo lloung 4uuu gIo.
DuI cong suul (2u 2uuu)W
u) en lly ngun cuo u
Co lle Ium vIec o u suul loI vu nlIel do cuo lon (1uuuuC).
en co unl sung liung.
HIeu quu clIeu sung Ien den 12uImlW.
TuoI llo cuo, lloung 1u uuu gIo.

ien tr noi tiep
ien cc phu
ui en Niken
ien cc chnh
Ong phong ien
ien cc chnh
Hi argon - thuy ngan
Gia

U ~
Chan lu
Noi chan lu song song neu en
700 1000W
C
en thuy ngan
cao ap
4
CAC LOAI LN SI DING TRLN TAI THIY
e) en luynl quung lluy ngun llu u
Cuu luo huo gom mol ong lluy lInl mo liong do cluu uigon vu mol Iuong iul
nlo lluy ngun. Tien llunl ong liung Io hol lul quung (lol-lo) lul iu
unl sung liung, lluy doI vul IIeu hol lul quung se clo iu cuc muu lluc
nluu.
Cau tao en huynh quang thuy ngan

Hi argon + thuy ngan Vo ca-tot Gia si nung
ui en Thuy ngan
Lp phu
phot-pho
Ca-tot
Day dan
S o mach ien en huynh quang thuy ngan
Chan lu
Tu ien
Ong huynh quang
Tac-te
U ~
Chan lu
Ong huynh quang
Tac-te
U ~
Ong huynh quang
Tac-te
Chan lu
Cuc duc lInl cuu IouI den nuy nlu
suu:
- HIeu suul lul sung (4u 6u)ImlW.
- TuoI llo lloung 7uuu gIo.
5
CAC LOAI LN SI DING TRLN TAI THIY
f. en pha
e clIeu sung xu vu munl lu uung cuc den lu.
Cuu luo gom cuc lun :
- He llong quung loc (guong cuu uiuhoI)
- Nguon sung (cuc IouI den).
- Vo vu lo dIeu llIen
6
H THNG NH SNG TN HIU
8.1. He llong den lunl liInl.(clI su uung llI luu cluy)
en lunl liInl Iu mol IouI den lIn lIeu duoc su uung llI luu lunl liInl liong
dem louc llI co suong mu. NlIn vuo ho liI le llong cuc den lunl liInl luu hun mu
sI quun lung luI nlun hIel luu do dung dI lleo luong nuo so voI luu lu de quyel
dnl luong un liunl vu lol nlul.
So Iuong, v liI, vu cong suul cuu den lunl liInl lien luu duoc quI dnl hoI To
cluc Hung luI Quoc le (InleinulIonuI MuiIlIme OigunIsulIon) - IMO vu Cuc lung luI
cuc nuoc. Tuy nlIen ho liI clung cuu den lunl liInl nlu suu:
- Num v liI Iu muI luu, col clInl, mun liuI, luI, vu duoI luu.
- Cuc den mun co muu do hen liuI vu xunl hen luI. Cuc den lluc co muu liung.
uy Iu IouI den soI dol duc hIel (clu duoc iung Iuc co loc, clu duoc unl luong
cuu moI liuong, ) co cong suul 6W (co lle su uung 4uW, 6uW).
Nguon clo den lung luI duoc cu lu mol hung dIen lu iIeng, hung dIen nuy
duoc cu lu luI nguon, mol nguon lu hung dIen clInl vu mol nguon lu hung dIen su
co.
Do yeu cuu ve un loun doI voI den lunl liInl mu luI moI v liI lluong duoc Iu 2
den: mol den clInl (22uV) vu mol den su co ( co lle uung dIen 22u V gIong den
clInl louc uung 24V). KlI den clInl h long llI den su co lu dong sung Ien.
Tiung lluI cuu den (loul dong hInl lluong, long) luI duoc clI ll lien uneI
dIeu llIen liong huong IuI. KlI den long luI co huo dong hung den clI ll vu
cluong de nguoI su uung hIel de lluy lle.
7
H THNG NH SNG TN HIU

Mui tau
en
neo lai
Man trai
va phai
Cot chnh
uoi
tau
Suze
en neo
mui
112
0
5
112
0
5
225
0
225
0
135
0
Bo tr he thong en hanh trnh va goc chieu sang
8
en lIn lIeu.
en neo duoc su uung de huo lIcl lluoc luu llI neo duu vu huo gom luI den: den
neo muI vu den neo IuI, voI luu co clIeu uuI lien 1um llI ho liI llem mol den neo o
lloung gIuu llun luu. en neo cung Iu IouI den soI dol co cuu luo duc hIel clu duoc
iung Iuc vu unl luong cuu moI liuong hIen. en neo llong h lun cle ve goc.
- en neo unl sung liung, clIeu sung 86u do, sung llI luu llu neo vuo hun dem.
- en su co unl sung do, co 1 louc 2 hong doI xung nluu quu col clInl.
- en IuI uul sung llI IuI uul luu lluc, den nuy co muu lleo quy dnl lung nuoc.
- en lou lIeu, den quu lenl duo, den mul clu dong
- Cuc den nuy den duoc cu nguon quu cong luc 2 cuc dul luI hung den lIn lIeu
liong huong IuI
- en NIC (Nol Inuei Communu) su uung luI den do duoc dul cucl nluu loI llIeu
2m lleo clIeu llung dung. en nuy duoc liung h 2 le llong doc Iu: mol duoc cu
nguon 22uVAC lu hung dIen su co, mol duoc cu nguon 24VDC su co.
9
H THNG T NG KIM TRA
10
H THNG T NG KIM TRA
1. Chc nng:
He llong lu dong lIem liu vu huo dong llong so huong muy co cuc cluc nung co hun suu:
Plul lIen vu huo dong hung den, coI cuc llong so vuol quu gIu li dnl muc.
o vu lIen ll cuc llong so quun liong.
Buo cum hIen dul cu, clum mul.
Tluc lIen huo ve cuc llIel h dIen llI xuy iu su co.
Du huo vu llong huo long loc, duu iu nguyen nlun vu luong xu Iy.
GlI nlul ly.
HuI cluc nung duu lIen Iu co hun vu hul huoc luI co.
2. Yeu cu:
NgouI cuc yeu cuu clung clo llIel h luu lluy, le llong lu dong lIem liu vu huo dong
con luI llou mun cuc yeu cuu suu:
PluI loul dong lIn cuy clInl xuc, llong duoc huo dong suI, huo dong nlum, huo
dong sol, llong h unl luong cuu nlIeu.
Tluul loun huo dong luI io iung, lun hIel duoc cuc llong so du huo dong vu du
duoc clu nlun voI cuc llong so dung huo mu cluu duoc clu nlun.
PluI co cluc nung llu le llong (loI llIeu Iu llu duoc den vu coI).
Bo liI cuc llong so luI lo Iy (lleo nlom de ue uung quun Iy vu nlun hIel su co o
llIel h nuo).
PluI duoc nuoI lu Il nlul lu luI nguon: nguon clInl (lu IuoI dIen luu) vu nguon su co
(24V lu uc-quI).
De uung huo uuong suu cluu.
11
H THNG T NG KIM TRA
Thut ton:
Tluul loun co hun cuu mol llong so lIem liu huo dong co lle mo lu nlu suu:
KlI llong co su co, den llong sung, coI llong leu.
KlI xuy iu su co, suu mol lloI gIun lie clo le (neu co), den nluy, coI leu.
NguoI vun lunl quun sul vu xuc dnl clInl xuc llong so h su co, un nul clu nlun
su co (AcceleulResellAclovIeuge), coI lul, den cluyen sung sung IIen luc glI nlo su
co.
Suu llI su co duoc xu Iy xong, den lul, le llong lio IuI liung lluI hInl lluong.
Mol so le llong lIen duI co llu nung glI nlun IuI lloI gIun xuy iu su co, lloI gIun
iesel, xuc dnl nguyen nlun su co vu duu iu luong gIuI quyel, Iuu gIu uu IIeu, lluc
lIen luc dong huo ve llIel h IIen quun,
Trang thai en en quay Coi
Bnh thng Tat Tat Khong keu
S co Nhay Sang & quay Keu
Nhan biet s co Sang lien tuc Tat Khong keu
Het s co Tat Tat Khong keu
12
H THNG T NG KIM TRA
Accept/
Test
Cam bien
ON/OFF
Ghi
nhat ky
Thong tin
Bao ong
So sanh
Bien oi
Cam bien
tng t
Ch th
Bao ve
S o chc nang
H thng Scadar tu thy
13
S H THNG T NG KIM TRA V BO NG
T
H
O
N
G

S
O

T
A
C

O
N
G

T

C

T
H

I
T
H
O
N
G

S
O

C
O

T
R
E

T
H
O
N
G

S
O

O
N
/
O
F
F
D
O
N
G

4
-
2
0
m
A

I
E
N

T
R

T
H
O
N
G

S
O

T

N
G

T

C
A
P

N
H
I
E
T

N
G
A
U
SS/
DELAY
R/I(F)
U/I(F)
K
SS/
DELAY
K
K
CH TH
CH TH
CH TH
TRIGER
TRIGER
SS/
DELAY
SS/
DELAY
TRIGER
TRIGER
CLOCK
TRIGER
R
R
R
R
R
L
BZ
LAMP TEST RESET
THIET B
GIAM SAT
TRUYEN
TIN
BAO VE
14
S H THNG T NG KIM TRA V BO NG
15
S H THNG T NG KIM TRA V BO NG
16
H THNG BO CHY
Khi nim.
Trn tu thu mi trng lm vic khc ngit, tc nhn chy tn ti rt nhiu. Hu qu ca
sa chy rt nguy him, gy thit hi ln v ti sn, tnh mng con ngi v tu. C 3 yu
t hnh thnh s chy : Vt chy Oxy Ngun nhit. Vt chy ch yu l du, gi,
cc kh d chy n, xp cch nhit, Oxy tn ti xung quanh ta m bo s sng. Do
vy nguy c sinh chy rt cao, ch cn mt s sut pht sinh ngun nhit c th gy
chy. Do vy theo quy nh ca ng kim th trn tt c cc tu hin nay u phi c h
thng bo chy t ng. c bit l trn cc gin khoan, tu cha du, tu kh ho lng,
gas th i hi rt cao.
cm bin s chy th ngi ta dng cc cm bin: C hai loi l cm bin nhit v
cm bin khi, hai yu t sinh ra khi c s chy.
nhanh chng nhn bit khu vc c chy th h thng phi chia ra lm cc knh khc
nhau cho tng khu vc khc nhau. Tu kch thc v kt cu v tnh cht ca tu m h
thng c nhiu hay t cc khu vc v s lng cm bin khc nhau.
cha chy ngi ta trang b cc trm kh CO2, hoc bt FOAM. Vic iu khin cha
chy tp trung bng cch cp in cho cc van in t x tc nhn cha chy vo khu
vc c chy. Trc khi x kh cha chy phi c tn hiu bo ng cho ngi bit. Thng
i km l h thng cc ca kn nc, trc khi x kh cha chy, ng cc ca ny cch
ly khu vc chy.
17
H THNG BO CHY
Cc yu cu v chc nng .
H thng phi c t nht hai ngun cung cp, AC v DC. Ngun chnh mt th t ng
chuyn sang ngun s c ng thi c tn hiu bo ng bng m thanh v nh sng.
H thng phi c cc nt nhn bng tay t ti nhng khu vc cng cng nh hnh lang, ca
bung my, bung li,
Cc tn hiu bo ng bng m thanh v nh sng phi c bit d phn bit vi cc tn
hiu bo ng khc. Cc chung bo ng v n phi c sn mu .
Khi c tn hiu bo chy th h thng phi c tn hiu ct tt c cc bm du, qut thng gi
hoc phi c cc trm dng s c tt c cc thit b ny ng thi phi c tn hiu bo khu
vc chy.
Phi c chc nng test h thng bo chy.
Phi c chc nng bo li trong h thng bo chy nh : chm mass, ngn mch, t cp,
mt cm bin.
Phi c chc nng reset h thng bo chy.
Phi c nt test n, ci.
Phi c chc nng tt bo ng, xc nhn s c.
(Cc yu cu c th xem thm quy nh ng kim)
18
CU TRC H THNG BO CHY
BAO KHU VUC CHAY
KHOI XU LY TIN HIEU TRUNG TAM
BAO SU CO MACH
NGAT BOM DAU, QUAT GIO
BAO DONG CHUNG
COI HU, DEN QUAY,
CHUONG
KENH BAO
CHAY 1
KENH BAO
CHAY 2
KENH BAO
CHAY n
NGUON CAP
AC
DC
- H thng gm cc knh bo chy
t 1-n, tu thuc vo kch thc tu
m s knh ny c th t vi n vi
chc. S lng cm bin t vi chc
n vi trm.
- B ngun cp gm hai ngun AC
v DC. C bo ng khi mt mt
trong hai ngun trn.
- Khi bo ng chung gm c
chung ,ci h, n quay.
- Khi s l tn hiu trung tm pht
hin chy ti tng khu vc, pht
hin cc li trong h thng nh t
cp, chm chp,
- Khi c tn hiu chy h thng xut
tn hiu ra ngt cc bm du, qut
gi, iu ho khng kh chung ton
tu.
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CM BIN CHY
a. Cm bin nhit: Phm vi hot ng trong khong 65-90 C
b. Cm bin tc gia nhit: Dng trong cc khu vc nguy him, c nguy c chy cao
nh trn cc tu du, kho sn, Cm bin tc tng nhit ti khu vc t. Mc d nhit
thp, nhng tc tng nhit qu nhanh, thay i gi tr, tc ng n trung tm( Rate
of rise)
c. Cm bin khi
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TN HIU CHY V TRUNG TM X L TN HIU
Tn hiu bo chy:
Tn hiu bo ng khi c chy c t ti nhng ni ng ngi, v d bung li, bung
my, cc hnh lang, cu lc b,..
Tn hiu bo ng gm chung, ci n, chng c sn mu d nhn bit. Trn nhiu
tu khi c tn hiu bo ng chy th c tn hiu gi qua h thng bo ng chung ton tu.
Trung tm x l tn hiu.
Tp trung tn hiu t cc mch bo chy cc khu vc, x l tn hiu v pht ra cc tn hiu
cn thit.
Trung tm c th ch to bng cc rle, cc mch bn dn, vix l.
Trn trung tm x l c cc n bo chy ch r tng khu vc bo chy, ngoi ra cn c cc
nt n, cng tc chc nng, gm:
Cng tc th chc nng chy.
Cng tc tt ci bo ng.
Cng tc tt bo ng trc trc h thng nh mt ngun, t cp, chm chp h
thng.
Nt n Reset h thng.
Nt n hoc cng tc th n, ci bo ng.
Aptomt cp ngun.
ng h o in p,
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TN HIU CHY V TRUNG TM X L TN HIU
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