REFORMING THE INDUSTRIAL

WORLD
p.300-306

Objectives
Identify thinkers and ideas that supported industrialization
Explain the origins and main concepts of socialism and
Marxism
Examine unionization and legislative reform

Describe other reform movements of the 1800s

THE PHILOSOPHERS OF
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Laissez-faire Economics

let do let people do as

they please

Law of Self-interest
People work for their own good

Law of competition

Adam Smith

Competition forces people to make better

products

Law of supply and demand

Free markets free economy

The Wealth of Nations

Enough goods would be produced at the lowest

possible price to meet demand in a market
economy

THE PHILOSOPHERS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

The Economics of Capitalism

Capitalism
Economic system in which the factors of
production are privately owned and
money is invested in business venture
to make a profit

Natural laws govern economic life

Government should not intervine

An Essay of the Principle of

Population
Population increases faster than food supply
Wars and disease keep the lower class under
control

Principles of Political Economy and

Taxation
Underclass would always be poor

THE RISE OF SOCIALISM

Utilitarianism

Jeremy Bentham
People should judge ideas, institutions, and
actions on the basis of their utility, or
usefulness

Wealthy and governments must take

action to improve peoples lives

John Stuart Mill

Workers should not leave depraved lives

Equal division of profits
Cooperative agriculture
Women's rights
Suffrage

Utilitarians pushed for reforms in

Legal system
Prisons
Education

THE RISE OF SOCIALISM

Socialism

Factors of production are

owned by the public and
operated for the welfare of all
Optimistic view of human
nature

Government plan the economy

Factories
Mines
Railroads

Workers would not be the

mercy o the owners

MARXISM: RADICAL SOCIALISM

The Communist Manifesto

Karl Marx
Philosopher
Journalism
Economist

Society is made of warring classes

Bourgeoisie
Haves
Proletariat
Have-nots

MARXISM: RADICAL SOCIALISM

The Future According to Marx

Dictatorship of
the proletariat

Factories would
drive small
businesses out
of business

A small number
would control
the wealth

The larger
proletariats
would revolt

Seize the
factories and
create what
society needed

Workers
sharing profits
would bring
economic
equality

Classless
society

MARXISM: RADICAL SOCIALISM

The Future According to Marx (cont.)

Communism
A form of complete socialism
in which the means of
production all lands, mines,
factories, railroads, and
business would be owned
by the people

Lenin

Mao
Zedong

Fidel
Castro

LABOR UNIONS AND REFORM LAWS

Unionization

Unions
Engaged in collective bargaining,
negotiations between workers
and their employers

Strike
Refuse to work

Skilled workers lead the way

Extra bargaining power
Would have trouble replacing them

For years UK bans Unions

Denies the right to form them

Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800

Made unions and strikes illegal

LABOR UNIONS AND REFORM LAWS

Reform Laws

Factory Act of 1833

Illegal to hire children under
the age of 9
9-12 y/o could only work 8
hours
13-17 could work more than
12 hours

Ten Hours Act of 1847

Women and children limited to 10
hours of work a day

Reforms in the United States

National Child Labor Committee
1904

THE REFORM MOVEMENT SPREADS

The Abolition of Slavery

West Indies 1807

America 1865
Puerto Rico 1873

British Empire 1833

Cuba 1886
Some motivated by morals, other
see it as an economic threat

Brazil 1888

THE REFORM MOVEMENT SPREADS

The Fight for Womens Rights

Reforms Spread to Many Areas of Life

Mixed blesses

Public education

Higher wages than home work

1/3 of what men made

Prepare children to
become good citizens

Educated women began to lead the

fight
19th Amendment 1919

Prisons
Reform more than punish

How does laissez-faire economics reflect

Enlightenment ideas of challenging power
and authority?
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How did capitalism bring about the

Industrial Revolution?
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How does the utilitarian approach judge

the worth of ideas?
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How are the haves and the have-nots

interdependent?
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Do you think that Marx agreed that

people work for self-interest?
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How did the growth of unions help

workers?
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How do you think joining a union or

supporting a reform law made workers
feel?
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How can slavery be an economic threat?

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What do lower wages for women suggest

about their place in industrial society?
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