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Name: __KEY_--50 POINTS;25 DAVE & 25 ME_______________________ Period: _____

Laboratory Exercise and Activity: Organization of the Human Body
EXERCISE 1: Anatomical Language
Activity 1: Anatomical Terms
Pre-Lab Activity:
1. Label Figure 1.1, with the appropriate anatomical terms for each body region or area. Refer
to Table 1.1.
Anterior View and Posterior View: --ME
1. Skull (cranial) 22. Mouth (oral)
2. Head (cephalic)/facial 23. Chin (mental)
3. Neck (cervical) 24. Breastbone (sternal)
4. Shoulder (acrimonal) 25. Breast (mammary)
5. Armpit (axillary) 26. Navel (umbilical)
6. Arm (brachial) 27. Hip (coxal)
7. Front of elbow (antecubital) 28. Groin (inguinal)
8. Forearm (antebrachial) 29. Hand (manual)
9. Wrist (carpal) 30. Pubis (pubic)
10. Fingers (digital) 31. Top of the foot (dorsum)
11. Palm (palmar) 32. Base of the skull (ocipital)
12. Thigh (femoral) 33. Shoulder blade (scapular)
13. Anterior surface of the knee (patellar) 34. Spinal column (vertebral)
14. Leg (crural) 35. Back of the elbow (cubital)
15. Ankle (tarsal) 36. Buttock (gluteal)
16. Toes (digital) 37. Hollow behind knee (popliteal)
17. Forehead (frontal) 38. Calf (sural)
18. Eye (orbital) 39. Side of the leg (fibural or peroneal)
19. Ear (otic) 40. Sole (plantar)
20. Cheek (buccal) 41. Loin (lumbar)
21. Nose (nasal) 42. Heel (calcaneal)
Lab Activity:
1. Use anatomical terms to identify the specific numbered body regions or areas on the torso
models on the large green table at the back of the room. Record your answers in the chart
below: --ME
a. _Cranial_______________ f. _Axillary______________
b. _Orbital_______________ g. _Inguinal______________
c. _Nasal________________ h. _Mental_______________
d. _Cervical______________ i. _Otic_________________
e. _Acromial_____________ j. _Oral________________
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Activity 2: Directional Terms---DAVE
Pre-Lab Activities:
1. Complete the sentences below using the appropriate directional term from Table 1.2. Refer
to the anatomical terms in Table 1.1 as needed. ---DAVE
a. The sternum is _anterior__ to the vertebrae.
b. The orbit is _superior__ to the oral cavity.
c. The heart is _medial_ to the lungs.
d. The carpus is _distal__ to the brachium.
e. The right lung and right kidney are _ipsilateral__.
f. The skin is _superficial__ to the bones.
g. The nose is _inferior__ and _intermediate_ to the eyes.

Mental
Otic
Oral
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2. Label Figure 1.2 with the directional terms from the bulleted list by writing the term in the
appropriate numbered blank ---DAVE
1. Superior
2. Posterior
3. Anterior
4. Proximal
5. Distal
6. Inferior
Activity 3: Body Planes and Sections
Pre-Lab Activities:
1. Label the planes in Figure 1.3(a) and the sections in Figure 1.3(b) with the terms in the
accompanying bulleted list by writing the term in the appropriate numbered blank.
---DAVE
1. Frontal plane
2. Oblique plane
3. Transverse plane
4. Parasagittal plane
5. Midsagittal plane
6. Longitudinal section
7. Cross-section
2. Identify the type of sections of the human brain in Figure 1.4.
---DAVE
a. midsagittal
b. transverse
c. frontal
Lab Activities: ---ME
1. Observe sagittal, frontal, and transverse sections using an apple.
Working in a group draw a face on the apple.
Cut sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes through the apple to make sagittal,
frontal, and transverse sections.
Keep sections together to form a whole apple to show your instructor and have the
instructor initial here _EMS______
2. Observe longitudinal sections and cross-sections using plastic tubing.
Observe a demonstration provided by your instructor of a tube cut along its
longitudinal axis to produce a longitudinal section and a tube cut perpendicular to
its longitudinal axis to produce a cross-section.
Obtain a 1/2-foot section of plastic tubing and twist it so you can visualize one plane
that would simultaneously divide one area of the tube into a longitudinal section
and another area into a cross-section.
Do not cut the tube unless instructed to do so.
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Show your instructor where a cut would produce both a longitudinal section and a
cross-section. EMS_
Using the Knowledge You Have Gained
A. Body Regions, Anatomical Terminology, and Directional Terms---DAVE

1. A 55-year old female presented with an irregularly shaped and abnormally pigmented mole
in the left scapular region, just lateral to the vertebrae. Indicate on Figure 1.5 where this
mole is likely to be found by drawing in the moles probable location with a red dot.
2. A 37-year old female presented to the emergency room with a severe burn (3
rd
degree) on
the right brachial region just proximal to the antecubital region. Indicate on Figure 1.5
where the burn is likely to be found by drawing its probable location with a blue dot.
3. A 19-year old female was identified by a tattoo on the fibular surface of the right leg just
proximal to the tarsal region. Indicate on Figure 1.5 where the tattoo is likely to be found by
drawing a purple dot to show its probable location.


Questions 4-7 have italicized words that are derived from word roots used to form the
adjectives in Table 1.1. Using the locations suggested by the italicized words, answer questions
4-7
4. Is the popliteal-back of knee artery proximal or distal to the femoral-thigh artery?
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5. Is the pectoralis major muscle anterior or posterior to the
subscapularis muscle?
6. Is the sternocleidomastoid muscle superior or inferior to the abdominis
muscle?
7. Are the thoracic vertebrae medial or lateral to the scapulae-
shoulder blade? _____________________
B. Body Planes and Sections---ME
Figure 1.6 contains three different sections through the thorax. Indicate which section (view a,
b, or c) is a:
8. Frontal section _A___________
9. Sagittal section _C___________
10. Transverse (axial) section __B__________
EXERCISE 2: Organ Systems and Body Cavities
Activity 1: Identifying Organ Systems---DAVE
Pre-Lab Activities:
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1. Observe the organs in Figure 2.1 (a) and (b). Refer to your textbook or organ systems
informational sheet for a list of organ systems, their function, and the major organs in each
organ system.
2. Write each labeled organ under the appropriate organ system on the next page. There may
be organs systems that dont have any organs in these figures, and some organs may
function with more than one system.
Body Organ Systems
Cardiovascular System Nervous System
AORTA
HEART
Digestive System Reproductive System
LIVER
LARGE INTESTINE
SMALL INTESTINE
ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
PANCREAS
Endocrine System Respiratory System
PANCREAS TRACHEA
LUNG
BRONCHUS
Integumentary System Skeletal System
Lymphatic System Urinary System
SPLEEN
KIDNEY
URETER
URINARY BLADDER
Muscular System
Diapragm
Activity 2: Body Cavities---DAVE
Pre-Lab Activity:
1. Label the major body cavities and the diaphragm on Figure 2.2 (a) and (b).
1. CRANIAL CAVITY
2. VERTEBRAL CANAL
3. THORACIC CAVITY
4. DIAPHRAGM
5. ABDOMINAL CAVITY
6. PELVIC CAVITY
Lab Activities: ---ME
1. Locate the major body cavities on the labeled skeleton model in the classroom and filled in
the names of the body cavities that correlate with the labels below:
a. _THORACIC____________________ d. _VERTEBRAL____________________
b. _PELVIC____________________ e. _ABDOMINAL____________________
c. _DIAPHRAGM____________________ f. _CRANIAL____________________
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2. Locate the mediasternum on a torso model. Identify the organs located them within the
mediasternum with your instructor and list them below:
HEART, ESOPHAGUS, TRACHEA, SEVERAL LARGE BLOOD VESSELS
Have your instructor initial here that you completed this activity_ EMS__
Activity 3: Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions---ME
Pre-Lab Activities:
1. Draw lines on Figure 2.3 (a) separating the abdominopelvic cavity into quadrants amd label
the quadrants.
2. Draw lines on Figure 2.3 (b) separating the abdominopelvic cavity into regions amd label the
regions.


a. Identify in which abdominopelvic quadrant(s) each organ listed below is primarily
located. Use the abbreviations RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, and LLQ. Appendix _RLQ______
e. Pancreas _LUQ_____
b. Large intestine or colon _RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ______
f. Small intestine _ RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ ______

c. Liver _mainly RUQ, LUQ______ g. Spleen _LUQ______
d. Ovaries _RLQ, LLQ______ h. Stomach _LUQ______

Using the Knowledge You Have Gained---ME
A. Functions of Organ Systems
Identify the organ system by its function as described below.

_RESPIRATORY________ 1. Maintains blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
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_NERVOUS___________ 2. Controls muscles and glands by electrical impulses, helps
control homeostasis
_MUSCULAR_________ 3. Causes movement of bones
_INTEGUMENTARY____ 4. Waterproof barrier that blocks the entrance of pathogens into
the body and prevents the loss of water from the body
_CARDIOVASCULAR____ 5. Transports nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide throughout
the body
_DIGESTIVE___________ 6. Changes food into absorbable nutrients, expels wastes
_URINARY____________ 7. Regulates composition of blood by eliminating nitrogenous
wastes, excess water, and minerals
_ENDOCRINE__________ 8. Uses hormones to control cell function, helps control
homeostasis
_SKELETAL____________ 9. Provides framework for the body and protects body organs
_REPRODUCTIVE_______10. Produces gametes (sperm and egg)
_LYMPHATIC__________11. Returns fluid to the bloodstream and provides protection
against pathogens that have entered the body

B. Homeostatic Imbalance of Organ Systems---ME
Using your textbook or other resources, identify the organ system that is homeostatically
imbalanced in the following diseases or disorders.
_ENDOCRINE________ 2. Hypothyroidism
_CARDIOVASCULAR___ 3. Myocardial ischemia
_LYMPHATIC_________ 4. Infectious mononucleosis

C. Abdominopelvic Quadrants ---ME

1. A 44-year old male went to the emergency room complaining of severe pain in his RLQ.
The doctor palpitated the area and determined that the pain was originating from an
organ in that quadrant. Which organ might be involved?

(a) Liver (b) Appendix (c) Gallbladder (d) Spleen (e) Stomach

2. A 23-year old female went to the doctor with the chief complaint of RLQ pain. Which
organ is most likely the cause?

(a) Adrenal gland (b) Ovary (c) Gallbladder (d) Pancreas (e) Kidney