PulpandPaperTechnology

Introduction
Textbook:
Booklet on pulp and paper manufacturing Dr. Dil Afroza
Begum(Should be available in ChEDept. Library)
Books:
12 lectures might Or might notbe sufficient
Introduction
Printing media, writing media, tissue, board, filtration media,
surgical wraps and many more.
A network of interlocking fibers with an approximately layered
structure about 30-300 m thick. Individual fiber:10 to 50 m.
Newspaper: 45 GSM, Scanning Electron photograph, scale bar =25 m
ProductionandConsumption
FiberSources
Wood (Hardwood, Softwood)
Type Fiber length
(mm)
Fiber dia
(micron)
Ash% Lignin % Hemi -
cellulose, %
Cellulose, %
Bamboo 3-4 14 1 3 22 30 16 20 50 52
Soft wood 1.6 2.7 32 34 1 26 30 6 9 40 45
Non-wood (Bamboo, Bagasse,
Straw, grasses, cotton, jute etc)
Soft wood 1.6 2.7 32 34 1 26 30 6 9 40 45
Hard wood 0.7 1.6 20 40 1 18 25 16 18 34 49
Bagasse 1.7 20 2 19 21 30 32 40 43
Grass
(rice/wheat
straw)
1.5 8.5 10 - 15 14 - 21 23 25 30 38
Soft wood
Hard wood
Straw (Stem residue) Cotton (Seed hair)
200 m
Flax (Stem)
Abaca -Manillahemp (leaf fiber)
Comparison of various non woody fiber types.
The molecular architecture of the cellulose molecule showing its relationship to
the micro3brils and to the total cell wall.
Main chemical components of wood
Wood
Lignin InsolubleCarbohydrate
(Holocellulose)
Extractives
Cellulose
Glucose
Hemicellulose
Glucose
Turpenes
Glucose Glucose
Mannose
Galactose
Xylose
Arabinose
Turpenes
Resin Acids
Fatty Acids
Phenols
Unsaponifiables
25 35 (Soft)
17 25 (Hard)
40 45(soft)
40 45 (hard)
20 (Soft)
15 35 (hard)
<10 (soft)
<10 (hard)
ProductTypes
Based on weight per unit area
gm/ m
2
(GSM)
Tissue 10 40
News print 40 50 News print 40 50
Printing and writing 60 90
Boards 100to above