Historical Period 3 Study Guide: The American Revolution (1700 - 1783) Ch. 5-10, American Pageant
Main ideas / changes over time:
Life in the 1700s British colonies (Ch. 5) Life in colonial America included a growing diverse population, social mobility, agricultural-based economy, slow travel and a revival of Christianity.
Life in the 1700s British colonies and the clash of empires (Ch. 5-6) Life in colonial America included developing education, culture, freedom of the press, democratic government, entertainment and war between competing European empires.
The French and Indian War (Ch. 6) Britains victory in the French and Indian War pushed France out of North America, united colonists, stirred up Native American conflict and caused tensions between Britain and its colonists.
The Road to Revolution (Ch. 7) American resentment and resistance increased as the British government passed new laws to pay for, protect and control the colonies after the French and Indian War.
The Revolutionary War breaks out (Ch. 7-8) Despite disadvantages and no desire for independence, American resistance to British policies turned into warfare in 1775-1776 with early victories for the Americans.
Revolutionary Ideas, Patriots vs. Loyalists (Ch. 8) In 1776, Americans turned to ideas of independence and republicanism, which led to divisions between patriots and loyalists.
Independence Brings Change (Ch. 9) After the Revolutionary War, the United States state governments and society became more democratic, with some limitations, but it struggled to create a stable economy and national government.
Confederation and Constitution (Ch. 9) The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to the creation of the Constitution, which was ratified after considerable debate between Federalists and Anti-federalists.
Washingtons Presidency (Ch. 10) The U.S. federal government and its economy were strengthened under Washingtons term, but the U.S. was also divided into parties by Hamiltons economic plans and the French Revolution.
Washington, Adams, and Political Parties (Ch. 10) The French Revolutionary Wars pulled the U.S. into foreign affairs, eventually pushed Washington out of politics, and further divided Americans into defined political parties.
2 Taken from AP U. S. History Curriculum Framework Specific Factual Information (SFI) topics be able to identify, make connections with other SFI, understand significance and how they support main ideas, recognize cause and effect, and group with patterns and categories.
Life in the 1700s British colonies 1. American population boom 2. American social class structure 3. Life in 1700s America 4. The Great Awakening 5. Jonathan Edwards 6. George Whitefield 7. Old Lights vs. New Lights 8. Harvard University 9. Phyllis Wheatley 10. Benjamin Franklin 11. John Peter Zenger trial The French and Indian War 12. Quebec / New France 13. The French and Indian War 14. Albany Congress / Plan of Union 15. Treaty of Paris 1763 The Road to Revolution 16. Salutary neglect 17. Pontiacs Rebellion 18. Proclamation of 1763 19. Whig ideology 20. Mercantilism 21. Trade and Navigation Acts 22. Sugar Act 23. Quartering Act 24. Stamp Act 25. No taxation w/o representation! 26. Actual vs. virtual representation 27. Stamp Act Congress 28. Non-importation agreement 29. Sons of Liberty 30. Declaratory Act 31. Townshend Acts 32. Indirect vs. direct tax 33. Boston Massacre 34. King George III 35. Samuel Adams 36. Committees of Correspondence 37. Boston Tea Party 38. Intolerable Acts 39. Coercive Acts 40. Quebec Act The Revolutionary War breaks out 41. First Continental Congress 42. Minutemen 43. John Adams 44. John Hancock 45. Battle of Lexington and Concord 46. British strengths and weaknesses 47. American strengths and weaknesses 48. Marquis de Lafayette 49. Baron von Steuben 50. Valley Forge 51. Second Continental Congress 52. George Washington 53. Olive Branch Petition Revolutionary Ideas, Patriots vs. Loyalists 54. Thomas Paine 55. Common Sense 56. Republicanism 57. Declaration of Independence 58. Thomas Jefferson 59. John Locke 60. Natural rights 61. Social contract theory of government 62. Patriots vs. Loyalists Independence won 63. Battles of Trenton and Princeton 64. Battle of Saratoga 65. French alliance 66. Benedict Arnold 67. George Rogers Clark 68. Battle of Yorktown 69. Treaty of Paris 1783 70. U.S. Constitution & main components 71. James Madison 72. Republican Motherhood 73. Articles of Confederation 74. Land Ordinance 1785 75. Northwest Ordinance 1787 76. The Great Compromise 77. House of Representatives & Senate 78. Electoral College 79. Three-Fifths Compromise 80. Separation of powers 81. Federalism 82. Checks and balances 83. Federalists v. Anti-Federalists 84. The Federalist papers Washingtons Presidency 85. groups of 86. Role of the environment George Washington 87. Bill of Rights 88. Federalists vs. Dem-Republicans 89. Constituencies/interest in 90. Role of religion, Enlightenment, and Republicanism in 91. Alexander Hamilton 92. Hamiltons Economic Plan 93. Bank of the United States 94. Strict vs. loose interpretation 95. Necessary and proper elastic clause 96. Tariffs 97. French Revolution Napoleonic Wars 98. Neutrality proclamation 99. Isolationism 100. Jays Treaty with Britain 101. Pinckneys Treaty with Spain 102. Wash.s Farewell Address Adams Presidency 103. John Adams 104. XYZ Affair with France 105. The Quasi-War with France 106. Convention of 1800 / Franco- American Accord of 1800
3 Taken from AP U. S. History Curriculum Framework Important Dates: 1754-1763 French and Indian War 1763 Treaty of Paris 1763 1765 Stamp Act and responses 1775 Lexington and Concord 1775 Lexington and Concord 1776 Declaration of Independence 1783 Treaty of Paris 1783
1789 U.S. Constitution ratified 1788 --George Washington elected 1792 reelected 1796 John Adams elected
Important Topics in US History for Period 3: 1754-1800 Theme: Ideas, Beliefs, and Culture In what ways and to what extent did moral, philosophical, and cultural values affect the creation of the United States? In what ways and to what extent have changes in moral, philosophical, and cultural values affected U.S. history? Required Information 1 During the 18th century, new ideas about politics and society led to debates about religion and governance, and ultimately inspired experiments with new governmental structures. 2. Protestant evangelical religious fervor strengthened many British colonists understandings of themselves as a chosen people blessed with liberty, while Enlightenment philosophers and ideas inspired many American political thinkers to emphasize individual talent over hereditary privilege. Optional Information for Use as Illustrative Examples 3. The Enlightenment
4. Deism
American Indian History Theme: Identity In what ways and to what extent have gender, class, ethnic, religious, regional, and other group identities changed in different historical eras? Required Information 1. After the British defeat of the French in 1763, white-Indian conflicts continued to erupt as native groups sought to continue trading with Europeans and to resist the encroachment of British colonists on traditional tribal lands. 2. The French withdrawal from North America and the subsequent attempt of various native groups to reassert their power over the interior of the continent resulted in new whiteIndian conflicts along the western borders of British and, later, the U.S. colonial settlement and among settlers looking to assert more power in interior regions. 3. During and after the colonial war for independence, various tribes attempted to forge advantageous political alliances with one another and with European powers to protect their interests, limit migration of white settlers, and maintain their tribal lands.
4 Taken from AP U. S. History Curriculum Framework 4. The Constitutions failure to precisely define the relationship between American Indian tribes and the national government led to problems regarding treaties and Indian legal claims relating to the seizure of Indian lands. 5. The Spanish, supported by the bonded labor of the local Indians, expanded their mission settlements into California, providing opportunities for social mobility among enterprising soldiers and settlers that led to new cultural blending. Optional Information for Use as Illustrative Examples 6. French and Indian War, 1754-1763
7. Pontiacs Rebellion, 1763
8. Proclamation Line of 1763
9. Paxton Boys, 1764
10. Iroquois Confederation
11. Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794
12. Treaty of Greenville, 1795
Women in U.S. History Theme: Identity In what ways and to what extent have gender, class, ethnic, religious, regional, and other group identities changed in different historical eras? Theme: Politics and Power In what ways and to what extent have Americans agreed on or argued over the values that guide the political system, as well as who is a part of the political process?
Required Information 1. Enlightenment ideas and womens experiences in the movement for independence promoted an ideal of republican motherhood, which called on white women to maintain and teach republican values within the family and granted women a new importance in American political culture. Optional Information for Use as Illustrative Examples 2. republican motherhood
3. Mercy Otis Warren
4. Abigail Adams
African American History Theme: Identity In what ways and to what extent have gender, class, ethnic, religious, regional, and other group identities changed in different historical eras? Theme: Peopling To what extent and why have people have migrated to, from, and within North America? Theme: Politics and Power
5 Taken from AP U. S. History Curriculum Framework In what ways and to what extent have Americans agreed on or argued over the values that guide the political system, as well as who is a part of the political process? Required Information 1. During and after the American Revolution, an increased awareness of the inequalities in society motivated some individuals and groups to call for the abolition of slavery and greater political democracy in the new state and national governments. 2. The constitutional framers postponed a solution to the problems of slavery and the slave trade, setting the stage for recurring conflicts over these issues in later years. 3. The expansion of slavery in the lower South and adjacent western lands, and its gradual disappearance elsewhere, began to create distinctive regional attitudes toward the institution. Optional Information for Use as Illustrative Examples 4. Massachusetts Body of Liberties makes it the first colony to legalize slavery, 1641
5. Pennsylvania Gradual Emancipation Law, 1780
6. Northwest Ordinances
7. Three-Fifths Compromise and Slave Trade Compromise, 1787
8. Invention of the Cotton Gin, 1793
9. Toussaint LOuverture, 1797
Immigration and the Peopling of the United States Theme: Identity In what ways and to what extent have gender, class, ethnic, religious, regional, and other group identities changed in different historical eras? Theme: Peopling To what extent and why have people have migrated to, from, and within North America? In what ways and to what extent have changes in migration and population patterns affected American life? Theme: Politics and Power In what ways and to what extent have Americans agreed on or argued over the values that guide the political system, as well as who is a part of the political process? Required Information 1. English population growth and expansion into the interior disrupted existing French-Indian fur trade networks and caused various Indian nations to shift alliances among competing European powers. 2. Migrants from within North America and around the world continued to launch new settlements in the West, creating new distinctive backcountry cultures and fueling social and ethnic tensions. Optional Information for Use as Illustrative Examples 3. Scots-Irish
4. Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
6 Taken from AP U. S. History Curriculum Framework
Economic History of the United States Theme: Work, Exchange, and Technology In what ways and to what extent have changes in markets, transportation, and technology affected American society? In what ways and to what extent have different systems of labor developed over time? In what ways and to what extent have debates over economic values and the role of government in the U.S. economy affected politics, society, the economy, and the environment? Economic Terms a. mercantilism
b. laissez faire
c. tariff (revenue and protective)
d. recession (depression)
e. recovery (prosperity)
f. inflation (cheap money)
g. deflation (hard money)
h. specie
i. supply
j. demand
Political History of the United States Theme: Politics and Power In what ways and to what extent did different political and social groups compete for influence over society and government in colonial North America and the United States? In what ways and to what extent have Americans agreed on or argued over the values that guide the political system, as well as who is a part of the political process? Theme: Ideas, Beliefs, and Culture In what ways and to what extent did moral, philosophical, and cultural values affect the creation of the United States? In what ways and to what extent have changes in moral, philosophical, and cultural values affected U.S. history?
Party Systems in U.S. History First Party System: 1796-1824 Federalist vs. Democratic Republicans
Required Information
7 Taken from AP U. S. History Curriculum Framework 1. Protestant evangelical religious fervor strengthened many British colonists understandings of themselves as a chosen people blessed with liberty, while Enlightenment philosophers and ideas inspired many American political thinkers to emphasize individual talent over hereditary privilege. 2. The movement for independence from Great Britain was fueled by established colonial elites, as well as by grassroots movements that included newly mobilized laborers, artisans, and women, and rested on arguments over the rights of British subjects, the rights of the individual, and the ideas of the Enlightenment. 3. The colonists belief in the superiority of republican self-government was based on the natural rights of the people found its clearest American expression in Thomas Paines Common Sense and in the Declaration of Independence. 4. Many new state constitutions and the national Articles of Confederation, reflecting republican fears of both centralized power and excessive popular influence, placed power in the hands of the legislative branch and maintained property qualifications for voting and citizenship. 5. Difficulties over trade, finances, and interstate and foreign relations, as well as internal unrest, led to calls for significant revisions to the Articles of Confederation and a stronger central government. Delegates from every state except Rhode Island worked through a series of compromises to create a Constitution for a new national government that would replace the government operating under the Articles of Confederation. 6. The American Revolution and the ideals set forth in the Declaration of Independence had reverberations in France, Haiti and Latin American, inspiring future rebellions. 7. Although George Washingtons Farewell Address warned about the dangers of divisive political parties and permanent foreign alliances, European conflict and tensions with Britain and France fueled increasingly bitter partisan debates throughout the 1790s. 8. As the first national administrations began to govern under the Constitution, continued debates about such issues as the relationship between the national government and the states, economic policy, and the conduct of foreign affairs led to the creation of political parties. 9. As national political institutions developed in the new United States, varying regionally based positions on economic, political, social, and foreign policy issues promoted the development of political parties.
Optional Information for Use as Illustrative Examples 10. The Enlightenment (Age of Reason) 11. republican government 12. Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 13. Declaration of Independence, 1776 14. Articles of Confederation, 1781-1789 15. Shays Rebellion, 1786-1787 16. Constitutional Convention, 1787 17. Great Compromise, 1787 18. Federalist Papers, 1787-1788
8 Taken from AP U. S. History Curriculum Framework 19. creation of a new government, 1789 20. Judiciary Act of 1789 21. Bill of Rights, 1791 22. formation of political parties in the 1790s (Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans) 23. Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 24. Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 25. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798