Nicholas II- He became czar in 1894 and continued the tradition of Russian autocracy.

Rasputin- A holy man that claims they have magical healing powers.
Industrialization and growth of Revolutionary movements- Rapid industrialization changed the Russia
economy, the number of factories more than doubled even though Russia was still behind the industrial
nations of Western Europe. The growth of all this caused problems like bad working conditions, low
wages, and child labor. As a result of this, many revolutionary movements increased and began to
compete for power.
Bolsheviks: They supported a small number of committed revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything
for change, they were more radical.
Mensheviks: They were members of a non-Leninist part of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party
(opposite of the Bolsheviks). Moderate socialists-wanted better conditions in factories.
Soviets: The citizens of the Soviet Union.
Lenin- Major leader of the Bolsheviks, he reconstructed the government by creating a new economic
policy.
Revolution of 1905- 200,000 workers and families approached the czars Winter Palace in St. Petersburg
wanting more freedom and better working conditions.
Russo-Japanese War: In the late 1800s there was a war against Russia and Japan. Japan won and since
there were repeated Russian losses, that led to a revolt of war.
Bloody Sunday: Provoked a wave of strikes and violence that spread across the country. More than
1,000 people were wounded and some were even killed.
WWI- In 1914, Nicholas II brought Russia to war.
(Two Revolutions) March Revolution: Provisional Government-Alexander Kerensky. Leaders of the
Duma established a provisional government which was a temporary government. Alexander Kerensky
was in charge of this and decided to continue fighting in WWI.
November Revolution also known as In the October Revolution (November in the Gregorian
calendar), the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the workers' Soviets,
overthrew the Provisional Government in St Petersburg.
All power to the Soviets:
Bread, Land, and Peace: During one of the revolutions, there were riots over shortages of bread and
fuel. People wanted more food, land, and peace
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk unilateral treaty with Germany- A peace treaty during World War I between
the new government of Russia and the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungry, Turkey & Bulgaria.)
Trotsky- First leader of the Red Army.
Civil War- Multi-party war in the former Russian Empire between the White Army and the Red Army.
White Army who made up this army? Alexander Kolchak was the leader of this.
Red Army who made up this army? Trotsky was in charge of this.
Problems? Faced challenges with Poland, and there were many other attacks.
Results? The Treaty of Riga brought to an end the Russian Civil War.
New name Lenin gives to Russia: U.S.S.R.