Essential Question

How do writers/speakers use their

knowledge of words to persuade
their audience?
ETHOS, PATHOS,
LOGOS
Aristotelian Appeals
The Art of Persuasion

Persuasive/ Argumentative Writing


Rhetoric (n) - speaking or writing effectively
(Webster's Definition).

Goal of persuasive writing or speaking:
persuade your audience that your ideas are valid!

Using Ethos, pathos and logos will strengthen
your argument. (more persuasive)


Video
Understanding Ethos, Pathos, Logos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAsxyffBqm0

Persuasion-Appeals

Rhetoric
Triangle
Ethos:
Credibility
Pathos:
Emotions
Logos:
Sense of Logic
Logos Ethos Pathos
should be balanced
within a text/speech.
Ethos, Pathos, Logos
Ethos: Is it ethical
Pathos: Does it make you feel a strong emotion?
Logos: Does it make you use your sense of reason (brain)
Ethos-(Ethics)-(Image)
Appeals to a persons;
Ethics (right or wrong)
Image
Character
Topics:
Political issues, national beliefs, religious issues.. Etc.
Good vs. evil

A speaker or writer could be;
Trustworthy
Credible
Reliable

Example
American Lung Association. Or Facebook fan pages.
Which of these sources do you suppose is more credible?

Logos: Logic

Appeals to a persons sense of logic: Makes you think
about the subject.
Very Scientific, to the point (researched)

We might see/hear:
Definitions
Facts and statistics
Quotations
Citations from experts
Studies/Experiments
Example:
Smoking is harmful based on the evidence that "Cigarette
smoke contains over 4,800 chemicals, 69 of which are
known to cause cancer." (1)


Pathos: Emotions
Appeals to a persons feelings, emotions, and
beliefs.
We might see;
Emotionally loaded language
Emotional examples
Vivid descriptions
Narratives of emotional events
Emotional tone
Examples:
Children, animals, illness, memories, etc.
Tugs at your heart strings

RHETORICAL DEVICES
RHETORICAL
DEVICES (LITERARY)
Rhetoric is the art of
using words to
persuade in writing or
speaking
Repetition
Repetition- a classic technique in presentation
and speech making. It can help you tie the theme
together and it creates clarity for the listener.

Example:
I have a dream is repeated in several lines of
Martin Luther King, Jr.s speech.
Parallelism

Parallelism: use of successive words, phrases, clauses with the
same or very similar structure.

Similar in construction, sound, meaning or meter.

This method adds balance and rhythm to sentences
giving ideas a smoother flow
Example
1. Alice ran into the room, into the garden, and into our
hearts.
2. Whenever you need me, wherever you need me, I will be there
for you.
Examples of parallelism
of the people, by the people, for the people

With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray
together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand
up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one
day.
Common Examples of Parallelism


Like father, like son.
The escaped prisoner was wanted dead or alive.
Easy come, easy go.
Whether in class, at work, or at home, Shasta
was always busy.
Flying is fast, comfortable, and safe.
Anecdote
Is brief story used to make a point

Ex.
Winston Churchill was very fond of his pet dog
Rufus. He ate in the dining room with the family
on a special cloth and was treated with utmost
respect. When enjoying movies, Rufus had the
best seat in the house; on Winston Churchill's
lap. While watching Oliver Twist, Churchill put
his hands over Rufus' eyes during the scene
where Bill Sike's intends to drown his dog.
Churchill is believed to have said to Rufus: don't
look now, dear. I'll tell you about it later.
Allusion
A brief reference to a famous person
or event, either real or fictional.

Ex. I was surprised his nose was not
growing like Pinocchios.
Don't be a Scrooge!