2/9/2010

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Gii thiu Matlab

Matrix laboratory

H thng tnh ton khoa hc k thut

Ngn ng lp trnh cp cao

Th vin hm phong ph

M phng, v th, biu

Phn tch d liu

Pht trin phn mm k thut

Phin bn mi nht: Matlab 2010.

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2/9/2010

Mt s h tnh ton khc

Ton hc

Khoa hc - K thut

Maple
Mathematica
MuPAD
MathCad

Matlab
O-Matrix

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Maple

2/9/2010

Mathematica

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Ci t Matlab trn MS Windows

Yu cu
 CD phn mm Matlab 7.0 tr ln.
 License
 Cu hnh my tng i mnh, ti thiu:
Windows 2000
Pentium IV , 512 MB RAM
CD-ROM
HDD cn trng 3 GB

Cc bc
 Chy file setup.exe t CD phn mm v theo

hng dn tip theo ca chng trnh ci t.

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2/9/2010

Toolbox trong Matlab

Toolbox l cc th vin hm sn c h tr
cho cc lnh vc tnh ton c th.

Cc toolbox thng dng

 Matlab
 Fuzzy Logic
 Image Processing
 Neural Network
 Signal Processing
 Simulink
 Symbolic Math
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Khi ng/Thot chng trnh Matlab

Khi ng
 Nhp p tri chut vo biu tng Matlab trn

Desktop.
 Start \ Programs \ Matlab

Thot
 File \ Exit
 Crtl + Q
 >> quit

Thc thi lnh

 >> 2 + 3

Enter
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2/9/2010

Giao din Matlab

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Cc phm iu khin
Phm

Chc nng

Enter

thi hnh lnh

Esc

Xo dng lnh hin hnh

gi cc lnh trc

di chuyn qua li cc k t

backspace, delete

xo k t trc, sau

home, end

v u, cui dng lnh

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2/9/2010

VD Cc phm iu khin
Lnh

Kt qu

>>3 + 4 <Enter>

ans = 7

>> 1 + 2 <Esc>

>>

>>

>> 1 + 2

>>

>>

>> 1+2
1+2

>> 1+
1 +2

>> 1+2_ <home>

>>
>>11+2

>>1+
>>1
+2 <delete>

>>12
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11

Biu thc (expression

expression)) trong Matlab

Mt biu thc trong Matlab cha cc:

 Bin (variable)
 Con s (number) / hng s (constant)
 Php ton (operator)
 Hm (function)

V d
 >> -2^3 + 4 * (5 7) \ 6 * 8
 >> huge = exp(log(realmax))
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2/9/2010

Mt s v d v biu thc trong Matlab

>> rho = (1+sqrt(5))/2

rho =
1.6180

>> a = abs(3+4i)
a=
5

>> huge = exp(log(realmax))

huge =
1.7977e+308
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13

Bin (variable
variable))

Khng cn khai bo kiu, s chiu, di bin.

Mi khi mt ci tn mi xut hin vi php
gn, Matlab to bin v cp pht b nh cho n.
V d: sosv = 110 to mt bin tn sosv (l mt
ma trn 1x1) lu gi tr 110.
Nu l bin c, n s thay i ni dung mi
nu thc hin php gn.
V d:
1. >>X = 3
2. >>X = 4

X = 4.
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14

2/9/2010

Tn

bin:

 Bt u bng 1 ch ci, tip theo l ch ci, ch

s hoc du gch di _. Cc ch ci phn bit

ch hoa, ch thng.

V

d:

 Hp l: x, a_b1, v1
 Khng hp l: _a, 1x, abc*

Bin

c bit ans:

 lu gi tr php ton va tnh.

Lnh

who v whos:

 cho bit thng tin v cc bin ang hin hu.

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15

Cc php ton (operator

operators)
s)
Php ton

x=2

y=3

Cng

x+y

Tr

xy

-1

Hhn

x*y

Chia

x/y

0.6667

Chia ngc

x\y

1.5000

Lu tha

x^y

8
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16

2/9/2010

u tin php ton

u tin

Php ton

Tnh u tin

(,)

*,/,\

tri qua phi

+,-

tri qua phi

trong ra ngoi
tri qua phi

HhQm th: >> -2^3 + 4 * (5 7) \ 6 * 8

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17

Kiu s trong Matlab

Kiu s chnh l double

Du . phn cch phn thp phn

K t i v j dng ch s o

K t e dng nhn lu tha ca 10.

V d:

 -2.3456
 1 + 2i 3j bng 1 j
 1.5e2 bng 1.5*102 tc l bng 150

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2/9/2010

Hng s (constant
constant)) trong Matlab
pi

3.14159265

i, j

S o (i^2 = -1 )

eps

Epsilon = 2^(2^(-52)

realmin

2^( 1022)

realmax

(2 eps)*2^1023

Inf

Infinity - V cc

HaH

Not A Number - V nh
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19

Dng hin th s
>>format kiu

Hin th

2600/9

short (mc nh)

4 ch s thp phn

288.8889

long

15 ch s thp phn

2.888888888888889
e+002

bank

2 ch s thp phn

288.89

rat

a/b (phn s)

2600/9

>>a = pi
?
>>format rat; a
?
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Xo gi tr ca bin
Xo bin x l xo vng nh cp pht cho
bin x.

Xo mt bin x:

 >> clear x

Xo mt lc nhiu bin:
 >> clear a b c

Xo ht tt c cc bin hin hu:

 >> clear

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21

Hm (function
function))
Matlab cung cp rt phong ph v a dng cc
hm ton hc, t s cp n cao cp.

C 2 loi hm trong Matlab

 Built-in fuction: hm sn c.
V d: sin(), sqrt(), exp(),

 M-file function: hm vit trong cc tp tin .m ca

Matlab.
V d: gamma(), sinh(),

 Khng th thy source code ca cc hm built-in.

Ngc li, c th xem v chnh sa source code ca

cc hm lu trong cc file .m.
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2/9/2010

Xem tr gip (Help)

Mc ch

Cch thc hin

Xem cch s dng mt hm c >>help converse

tn l converse
Tm kim mt hm trong mt Help \ Functions Categorical
lnh vc no
List hoc dng chc nng
Search
Tm tn hm

Help \ Functions
Alphabetical List hoc tm
trong Index

Tm hiu v mt vn g

Chng hn lnh vc ton Help \

Mathematics

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