The Two Early Baroque Systems

2 key signatures
4 modes
7 levels of transpositions
o Hexachord in C organised in circle of fifths
Natural: transposed to flat, transposed to sharp
Mollis, Cantus, Durus
Cantus mollis = natural, flat, really flat
o Only really working in 4 transpositions: really flat, flat, natural sharp

Carrissimi
- 7 transposition levels
- bbb, bb, b, natural, #, ##, ###
- move from one system to the other: mutatio toni
o In the same hexachord system but youre changing modes: Aelion to Ionian for
example
o Shift of system: hexachord to hexachord mutatio modi
Local or larger
Jepthe: 2 major modes
Carrissimi: 4 modes
Ionian, Mixolydian (major modes), Dorian, Aeolian (minor modes)
In a major OR a minor, tonic and dominant are the most important (in
todays music theory)
BUT in Carissimi can be either I and V/IV
o Know the difference by seeing which Carissimi goes to next
o VERY local level
o Minor I to minor iv = Aeolian
o Minor I to Minor v = Dorian
In the natural hexachord:
- Ionian: C
- Dorian: D
- Mixolydian: G
- Aeolian: A
- If moved still have the same structure but in a different key signature
Carrissimi: starts with emphasising the first 2 keys, the second 2 in the middle, then the first 2 at
the start
G Mixolydian: woohoo weve won the battle happy and warlike
- very short aria
Phrygian: pain and suffering (more modern)
- emphasises E
Carissimi
- Stile concertato: used to depict war or agitation, fast repeated rhythms, sometimes dotted
- Stile mole: used for lamenting, chromaticism, Phrygian cadences, descending
lines/tetrachords (Jepthes lament)
Chromaticism:
- lament base
- tetrachord base (not chromaticism)
- cross relations
o big jump
- dissonant

Weird intervals: text painting

- Look out for specific words with things like mutatatio modi
Phrygian cadence: not only indicates lament, but also indicates weakness
Altered Phrygian Cadence:
- Instead of going from F-E, goes up one semitone then down a tone
Looking out for:
- What mode are we in
- Have we moved really sharp/flat in a small amount of time
- Have we moved to a new hexachord? Mutatio modi
o But if youve moved from one big tonal centre to the other then thats mutatio toni
- Style? Descending quavers? Singing about war? Dotted quavers? Stile concertato
o Chromaticism, sobbing motives, dissonance moli
- ALWAYS a textural reason! Why? Why? Why?
- Types of transposition
- Whats the material like in the first 2 verses