page 1
Unit 1
Habits, Routines, and Facts
EXERCISE 1 (page 2)
1. understand, look up
2. want, write, try, look up
3. improve, ask, ask, worry
4. prefer
EXERCISE 2 (page 3)
Answers will vary. Possible answers are:
like/likes/dont like/doesnt like, prefer/prefers, study/studies, memorize/memorizes;
read/reads, etc.
EXERCISE 3 (page 3)
It is impossible to predict answers here, as they will obviously depend on students own
experiences.
EXERCISE 4 (page 4)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 5 (page 5-6)
Step 1
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
1: use computers
2: work in groups
3: raise your hand, ask questions, answer questions
4: sit in rows, take notes, listen carefully
Step 2
A. 4
B. 2
C. 1
D. 3
Step 3
Answers will vary. Sample responses:
Students in my country rarely work in groups.
Students in my country dont have access to computers.
Students in my country sit in rows and listen to the teacher.
page 2
EXERCISE 6 (page 7)
Step 1
Answers will vary.
Step 2
Answers will vary.
Step 3
Answers will vary. Depending on the cultural backgrounds of your students, possible
answers may include:
Teachers in my country hardly ever talk to students outside of class. Students in my
country never ask questions in class. Teachers in this country usually give homework.
Students in this country sometimes call their teachers by their first names. Teachers in my
country stand in front of the class.
EXERCISE 7 (pages 8-9)
Step 2
2. a businessperson
3. a police officer
4. a bartender
5. a bus driver
6. a student (or teacher)
7. a restaurant server (or waitress)
8. teacher (or student)
Step 3
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
an administrative assistant: They work in offices. They answer telephones, type letters,
and make appointments for their bosses. They are usually very organized people.
an architect: She plans buildings where people work or live. She is good at math and
drawing.
Step 4
#13 and #14 depend on what occupations students list.
Step 5
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 8 (page 9)
Some answers may vary. Possible answers include:
2) walk/run/jog
3) do, do
4) take
5) ride
6) play/watch
7) do, do
8) stay
9) read
10) watch
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 3
11) drive
12) swims/surfs
13) swim
14) sit/stay/lie
15) meet/call/visit
16) dont go/belong
17) dance
18) likes
EXERCISE 9 (page 10)
Answers will vary
EXERCISE 10 (page 11)
Step 1
(from left to right) bat, bear, spider, elephant, swan, horse, antelope, scorpion
Step 2 and 3
Horses sleep standing up. Bats use their ears to see. Scorpions have twelve eyes.
Elephants sometimes go for four days without water. Swans stay with the same mates all
their lives. Antelopes run at 70 miles per hour. Bears sleep during the winter months.
Spiders live for about two years.
Activity 1 Speaking/listening
Answers will vary.
Activity 4 Listening
Speaker 1: Halloween/ makes, go around, give, dress up, decorate
Speaker 2: Thanksgiving/ gets together, have, eats, dont give
Speaker 3: Valentines Day/ gets, dont get
page 4
Unit 2
Present and Progressive and Simple Present: Actions and States
Opening Task
Step 2:
Differences between Pictures A and B:
1. The woman on the left is talking on the phone and holding some papers/her hand is on
the desk.
2. The woman on the left is smiling/not smiling.
3. Man reading the newspaper at desk on left is wearing/not wearing a suit jacket.
4. Man at file cabinets is wearing a gray suit/a dark brown suit.
5. The woman at the front desk is opening/writing a letter.
6. Receptionist is talking on the phone/to a visitor.
7. Man with red tie is writing a letter/drinking coffee. He isnt/is wearing glasses.
8. Woman at desk on right is reading/typing.
9. The man at the back desk is sitting and writing/is standing and holding files next to the
woman in green.
10. Man on the couch is talking on his cell phone/is reading a newspaper.
EXERCISE 1 (page 20)
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T
6. F
EXERCISE 2 (page 21)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 3 (page 23)
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. a
7. a
8. a
love
hear
page 5
page 6
Unit 3
Talking About the Future: Be Going To and Will
Opening Task
Step 2 and 3
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
Steve will be friends with many different people.
He will be successful.
Pam will have a few close friends.
She will achieve all her goals.
EXERCISE 1 (page 36)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 2 (pages 37-38)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 3 (page 39)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
2. will
3. is/s going to
4. will/are going to ; will/are going to
5. will/ll/are going to
6. is/s going to
7. will/ll
8. will
EXERCISE 4 (page 39)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 5 (page 40)
A: (2)
B: (3)
A: (5)
A: (6)
B: (8)
page 7
page 8
page 9
Unit 4
Asking Questions: Yes/No, Wh-, Tag, and Choice Questions
Opening Task
Step 1
Possible answers include:
How do you spell?
How do you say?
What doesmean?
What is the past form of?
What is the opposite of?
Step 2
Possible questions include:
What is your name?
What is your job?
What do you do?
What food do you like?
When did you start teaching at South City College?
Where are you from? Where were you born? Where do you teach? Where do you live?
Do you like cycling? Do you teach ESL?
How many children do you have?
Youre a teacher, arent you? Youre from Venezuela, arent you?
You teach ESL, dont you? You like jogging, dont you?
Why did you come to South City College? Why do you like teaching?
Can you cycle? Can you speak Spanish?
Did you finish your Masters degree?
Are you married? Are you planning a study trip with your students?
EXERCISE 1 (page 51)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 2 (page 53)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 3 (page 53)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
1) Does she live alone/go to school/have a car/have a job
2) Does she smoke/go to school/have a car
3) What time does she usually go to sleep
4) Do you see her very often
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 10
page 11
page 12
4. J
5. M
6. R
7. Q
8. N
10. B
11. I
12. L
13. O
14. F
15. C
16. H
17. K
18. D
EXERCISE 11 (page 63)
Answers will vary depending on how sure the speaker is of the information.
EXERCISE 12 (page 63)
Refer to the page 63 Lesson Plan for questions. Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 13 (page 64)
1. (a) No
2. (a) Yes (b)Yes, you are.
3. (a) No
4. (a) No
5. (a) Yes (b) Yes, you are.
6. (a) No
7. (a) Yes (b) Yes, you are.
EXERCISE 14 (page 64)
Answers will vary
Activity 6 Listening/writing
Actual Questions: Is this Lisa Harman? Do you speak any foreign languages? Right now
youre teaching at Perry College arent you? Where do your students come from? How
long do they stay? What did you do before this job? Did you teach business English there
too? When was this, when did you work there?
page 13
Unit 5
Modals of Probability and Possibility: Could, May, Might, Must, Couldnt, and Cant
Opening Task
Step 1
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
The owners name must be Chris Murray.
His sex must be male.
He might be middle-aged or older.
He must be married.
He might be a businessman.
He might be learning Japanese.
He must like sports (golf, tennis).
He could like the movies.
He could like chess.
He might like opera and theatre.
He must be planning a trip to Japan.
He visited Paris for a business meeting.
He ate at a French restaurant.
He stayed at a hotel in Paris.
He must like to travel.
EXERCISE 1 (page 73)
1. could
2. might
3. may
4. must
5. likes
6. could
7. might
8. may
9. must
10. isnt
11. is
EXERCISE 2 (page 75)
Answers will vary depending on the inferences students made in the Opening Task.
EXERCISE 3 (page 76)
Answers may vary. Possible answers include:
1) might be/may be
2) might/may
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 14
3) might/may not
4) might/may
5) might/may not be
6) might/may
EXERCISE 4 (page 78)
Answers are completely dependent on the inferences the students made in the Opening
Task.
EXERCISE 5 (page 78)
Answers will vary. The choice of modal depends on the speakers certainty. Possible
answers include:
1. He must have lost something. He may have lost his watch or his key.
2. The car must have crashed into the bicycle.
3. There might have been a robbery.
4. There might have been an accident.
5. The man might have just proposed to her. She must have gotten a surprise birthday
gift.
6. He must have left his key inside. He must have locked himself out.
7. He must have forgotten his umbrella. He might have left his umbrella at home or at
work.
EXERCISE 6 (page 79)
Answers will vary, depending on what students said in Exercise 5.
EXERCISE 7 (page 80)
Answers will vary but the most likely theory is:
The victim knew the murderer well (no sign of forced entry) and may have drunk wine
with him or her in her room. The full wine glass suggests that the murderer may have
drugged or poisoned the victim by putting something in the wine. The murderer didnt
drink from the other glass because he or she knew it was poisoned. The murderer may
have long, blond hair and might have worn a shirt or jacket with white buttons. They
must have fought or struggled violently at around 11:30 (button, hair, smashed watch).
After killing the victim, the murderer might have searched for information or documents
in her desk, but he or she must not have found them or might have had to leave before
finding what he or she was looking for. The murderer must have left the house by the
victims window. (The doors were locked from the inside.)
EXERCISE 8 (page 80)
Answers will vary.
page 15
page 16
Unit 6
Past Progressive and Simple Past with Time Clauses: When, While, and As Soon As
Opening Task
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. F
7. F
8. F
9. T
10. T
Solution: Mrs. Meyer killed her husband. She entered the bathroom while he was
brushing his teeth, and she hit him over the head with the bathroom scale. Then she
turned on the shower and put soap on the floor. How do we know this?
-From the toothbrush: He was brushing his teeth, not walking out of the shower.
-From the soap: It was not possible to slip in this position.
-From the bathroom scale: The scale does not indicate zero.
EXERCISE 1 (page 90)
Answers will vary
EXERCISE 2 (page 91)
Answer will vary. Possible answers include:
According to Mrs. Meyer, on the night of his death, her husband was crossing/walking
across the bathroom floor when he slipped on a piece of soap, hit his head, and died.
However, Detective Phil Fork and his colleagues have a different theory about how Mr.
Meyer died. According to them, somebody killed him while he was brushing his teeth.
EXERCISE 3 (page 93)
2. she placed a bar of soap on the bathroom floor.
3. he rushed to the Meyers house.
4. Mrs. Meyer took him to the scene of the crime.
5. he became suspicious of Mrs. Meyers story.
6. while he was brushing his teeth.
7. she said that she was innocent.
8. while the police were taking her to jail.
page 17
page 18
Activity 5 Listening
Step 1:
What was he/she
doing?
sitting down to lunch
Speaker
Place
Speaker 1
at home in Florida
Speaker 2
at a church in New
York
Speaker 3
Step 2
Check audio script on page S-3 of this book for answers.
page 19
Unit 7
Similarities and Differences: Comparatives, Superlatives, AsAs, Not AsAs
EXERCISE 1 (page 107)
2. er, T
3. er than, F
4. er than, F
5. than, F
6. the /est, T
7. er than, F
8. est /the/ est, T
9. the/ est/ the/ est, T
10. The/ est/ er than/ est, F
EXERCISE 2 (page 107)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 3 (page 109)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 4 (page 109)
2. Susan is not as tall as Frank./Susan is shorter than Frank./Frank is taller than Susan.
3. Linda is almost/nearly/not quite/practically as tall as Diana.
4. Carla is not as tall as Linda./Linda is taller than Carla./Carla is shorter than Linda.
5. George is (both) older and taller than Susan.
6. Bob is almost/nearly/not quite/practically as tall as George.
7. Frank is almost/not quite/nearly/practically as old as George.
8. Diana is not as old as Linda./Diana is younger than Linda.
9. Frank is the tallest.
10. Linda is the oldest.
11. George is exactly as tall as Diana./Diana is exactly as tall as George.
EXERCISE 5 (page 111)
1. luckier than her sister
2. not as intelligent
3. better than Miriams
4. than her sister.
5. as her sister does.
6. as her sisters
7. Miriam does.
8. than her sister is.
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 20
page 21
Unit 8
Measure Words and Quantifiers
Opening Task
Step 1
one bottle of vinegar, one box of salt, one bag of sugar, one head of lettuce, one bag of
flour, one jar of oil, one stick of butter, two tomatoes, one wedge of cheese, two cloves of
garlic, five eggs, one bag of chocolate chips, one jar of mustard
Step 2
Salad
lettuce
hard-boiled eggs
cheese
tomatoes
Salad Dressing
mustard
salt
vinegar
Olive oil
garlic
Step 3 and 4
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 1 (page 125)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 2 (page 125)
Mustard (NC), sugar (NC), salt (NC), lettuce (NC), hard-boiled eggs (C), cheese (NC),
vinegar (NC), chocolate chips (C), tomatoes (C), flour (NC), olive oil (NC), butter (NC),
eggs (C), garlic (NC)
EXERCISE 3 (pages 126-128)
Jims Super Salad:
a) head
b) head
c) slices
d) pound
e) cup of
Jims Super Salad Dressing:
a) tablespoon of
b) tablespoon of
c) tablespoon of
d) teaspoon of
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 22
e) teaspoon of
f) cup of
Jims Grannys Old Time Chocolate Chip Cookies:
a) pound of
b) cup of
c) cup of
d) cups of
e) teaspoon of
f) teaspoon of
g) teaspoon of
h) cups of
EXERCISE 4 (page 128)
slices (of bacon), pound (of ground meat), cloves (of garlic), cups of (onion), teaspoon
(of salt), tablespoons (of fresh herbs), cans/jars (of tomato sauce), dash (cayenne pepper)
EXERCISE 5 (page 130)
1. d
2. d
3. a
4. c
5. d
EXERCISE 6 (page 131)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 7 (page 132)
Error is in parentheses; correction follows.
Paragraph 1:
(several of) several
(couple week) couple of weeks
(furnitures) furniture
(lot of) lots of/a lot of
Paragraph 2:
(sugars) sugar
(milks) milk
(mails) mail
(many advice) advice/a lot of advice
(fifty letter) fifty letters
(advices) advice
(A few) A few of
Paragraph 3: (informations) information
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page 23
Unit 9
Degree Complements: Too, Enough, and Very
Opening Task
Step 1
apartment, kitchen, bedroom, dining room, large, furnished, kitchen, month
Step 2
Answers may vary. Possible answers include:
a. 2
b. 1
c. 4
d. 3
Step 3
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 1 (pages 138-139)
1. too small, not enough closets
2. too large, too expensive
3. enough closets, big enough, too noisy
EXERCISE 2 (page 139)
2. e
3. j
4. g
5. h
6. i
7. b
8. c
9. f
10. a
EXERCISE 3 (page 141)
2. not big enough
3. close enough
4. not enough time
5. have enough time
6. too difficult
7. too short
8. ask enough questions
9. not study enough
10. too quickly
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 24
page 25
page 26
page 27
Unit 10
Giving Advice and Expressing Opinions: Should, Ought to, Need to, Must, Had
Better, Could and Might
Opening Task
Step 2
A. Live Longer, Eat Better
B. Make More Friends
C. Ways to Save the Planet
D. How to Stay Married for a Long Time
E. Losing 30 Pounds in 30 Days
F. How to Dress for Success
EXERCISE 1 (page 152)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 2 (page 153)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 3 (page 154)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
2. should
3. must
4. must not
5. must not
6. must
7. should
8. should
9. should not
10. should not
EXERCISE 4 (page 156)
2) must
3) d better
4) should/ought to
5) d better not
6) should not
7) must not
page 28
page 29
Unit 11
Modals of Necessity and Prohibition: Have To/Have Got To, Do Not Have To,
Must/Must Not, Cannot
Opening Task
Step 1
Answers will vary.
Step 3
1. a passport; a tourist visa
2. fireworks; fresh fruit (according to California law)
3. Answers will vary depending on individual points of view but may include: travelers
checks; a credit card; a return airline ticket; photographs of your hometown; Chinese pop
music CDs (answers will definitely vary on this one); hiking boots (depending on the
type of vacation)
4. Answers will vary but may include: a cell phone; an international drivers license; an
umbrella; a business suit; books about China; a laptop computer; a map of the United
States; California guide books (can buy them there); a surfboard (can rent one)
EXERCISE 1 (page 168)
Answers will vary, depending on what students wrote in the Opening Task
EXERCISE 2 (page 170)
The use of have got to may vary. Possible answers include:
1. have to turn right
2. have got to stop
3. have to yield
4. has to look out of pedestrians
5. have got to turn left?
6. has to wait until the other cars go
EXERCISE 3 (page 171)
Answers will vary from state to state and depending on students opinions, but in general,
states require that one takes an eye test, takes a written test, and passes a driving test to
get a drivers license.
EXERCISE 4 (page 171)
Answers will vary.
page 30
page 31
6. T
7. F
Step 2
Answers may vary slightly but they are likely to be those listed below:
1. You must/have to drive with your headlights dimmed during the day.
2. You mustnt/cannot run out of gas.
3. You must/have to reduce your speed when it rains. You cannot/must not drive as fast
as the normal speed limit when it rains.
Step 3
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 11 (page 179)
(1) had to
(2) had to
(3) had to
(4) didnt have to
(5) had to
(6) wont have to
(7) dont have to
(8) dont have to
EXERCISE 12 (page 180)
1. (c) have to
2. (c) dont have to
3. (a) had to
4. (b) wont have to
5. (b) cant
6. (b) have to
7. (a) have got to
8. (c) could
9. (c) cant
10. (a) must not
11. (c) must
12. (c) have got to
page 32
Activity 4 Speaking/listening
Step 1
TOPIC
becoming a United States
citizen
getting a social security number
getting a drivers license
Step 4
Check audio script on LP page S-5 for answers.
page 33
page 34
page 35
Unit 13
Present Perfect With Since and For
Opening Task
Step 2
Weight: 185 lbs.
Cigarettes: Yes
How long: 5 years
Started: 1995
Stopped: 2000
Alcohol: Yes
Glasses: Yes
How Long: 2003
Health Problems: Headaches
How long: 2 months
Step 3
Answers may vary. Students may not yet be familiar with this grammar structure.
Possible answers include:
PAST:
1. He was born in 1975. /He started smoking in 1995.
2. He stopped smoking in 2000. /He broke his ankle in 1992.
PRESENT:
1. He weighs 185 lbs. /He is 5 feet 11 inches tall. /He doesnt smoke.
2. He drinks a glass of wine with dinner. /He wears glasses. /He had headaches.
PAST AND PRESENT:
1. He has worn glasses since 2003.
2. He has had headaches for 2 months.
EXERCISE 1 (page 199)
1) has had
2) hasnt had
3) was
4) broke
5) doesnt smoke
6) stopped
7) hasnt smoked
8) wears
9) has worn
10) worked/has
EXERCISE 2 (page 200)
1. Do you wear glasses?
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 36
page 37
page 38
page 39
Unit 14
Present Perfect and Simple Past: Ever, Never, Already, and Yet
Opening Task
Step 1
Top picture: Sydney, Australias Opera House
Second picture, left: London, Englands Big Ben
Third picture, right: Moscow, Russias St. Basils Cathedral
Step 2
They have already visited Sydney, Honolulu, San Francisco, New York, and Paris. They
have not yet visited London, Singapore, or Hong Kong.
Step 3
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 1 (page 215)
1. Roman Holiday
2. and
3. Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 2 (pages 215-216)
2. Has Tom seen
3. Have Patty and Mark seen
4. Did Karen see High Noon last weekend?
5. Did Patty and Mark see Psycho?
6. Has Robert seen Psycho?
7. Have Carolyn and Terry seen Roman Holiday?
8. Did Tom see The Godfather last night/yesterday/on Tuesday?
EXERCISE 3 (page 216)
(1) have walked
(2) have seen
(3) took
(4) went
(5) have seen
(6) went
(7) had
(8) have eaten
(9) tried
(10) have spent
page 40
Activities 2-5
Answers will vary.
Activity 7 Listening
Check audio script, LP page S-10 for answers.
page 41
Unit 15
Present Perfect Progressive
Opening Task
Step 2
Muddy boots: 4
Baking bread: 1
Fixing a car: 2
Exhausted: 6
Running a marathon: 6
Chopping onions: 5
Wet hair: 3
Gardening: 4
Crying: 5
Swimming: 3
Covered in oil: 2
Covered in flour: 1
EXERCISE 1 (page 228)
2. Linda is dirty because she has been fixing her car.
3. Melinas hair is wet because she has been swimming.
4. Julia and Fred have muddy boots because they have been gardening.
5. Sue is crying because she has been chopping onions.
6. Tom and Brian are exhausted because they have been running in a marathon.
EXERCISE 2 (page 229)
2. They have been playing tennis.
3. They have been shopping.
4. They have been hiking for a long time.
5. He hasnt been sleeping.
6. Shes been eating a hamburger (or a hot dog).
7. He hasnt been shaving.
EXERCISE 3 (pages 230-231)
2. have been writing
3. has been raining
4. has been barking
5. have been looking
6. have been living
7. have been studying
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 42
page 43
page 44
Man: Has lived here for 6 years (since 1991), has had two children, has been busy being a
dad, has been running a dry cleaning business, wife has been working when she is not
busy with the kids. Woman: has been here about 5 years, has been working as an editor,
has taken sailing lessons, has been mountain climbing; Eddy has been working in a law
firm, they have had a daughter.
Unit 16
Making Offers with Would You Like
Opening Task
Step 3
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
Student A: 1. Would you like something to drink?
2. Would you like an aspirin?
3. Would you like me to open the window?
4. Would you like me to get you another door key?
5. Would you like me to call a taxi for you?
Student B: 1. Would you like me to call building maintenance?
2. Would you like another light bulb?
3. Would you like another blanket?
4. Would you like me to get you something to eat?
5. Would you like me to call a doctor?
EXERCISE 1 (page 240)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 2 (page 241)
1. Would you like to
2. Would you like to
3. Would you like tocoats?
4. Do you want/Would you like a chair?
5. Do you want/would you like
6. Do you want/Would you like
7. Do you want/Would you like the window open?
8. Would you like more coffee?
EXERCISE 3 (page 241)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 4 (page 242)
1. c
2. a
3. e
4. f
5. d
6. b
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 45
page 46
page 47
Unit 17
Requests and Permission: Can, Could, Will, Would, and May
Opening Task
Step 2
2. a
3. e
4. d
5. f
6. b
EXERCISE 1 (page 250)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
1. Could you please tell me what time it is?
2. Could you tell me where the tomato sauce is, please?
3. Excuse me, would you mind helping me get this box of tissues?
4. Would you please help me read this list of ingredients?
5. Will you keep my place in line? I have to get some milk.
6. Can you give me some change for the parking meter, please?
7. Excuse me, would you mind checking this bill for me? I think theres a mistake.
EXERCISE 2 (page 251)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 3 (pages 252-253)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
1. Could you please open the door for me
2. Would you mind not talking so loudly
3. Can you move it a little more to the left/right
4. Would you please take our picture?
5. Would you mind turning down your music
EXERCISE 4 (page 254)
Request for Permission:
3. May I ask you a question?
6. Can I speak to you about the assignment?
8. May we leave class early today?
10. Could I borrow your textbook?
11. Would you mind if I handed in my assignment a day late?
page 48
General Request:
2. Can you open the window?
4. Could you speak more slowly?
5. Would you mind lending me your dictionary?
7. Would you tell me the answer?
9. Could you show us how to find the answers?
12. Will you help me with my homework?
EXERCISE 5 (page 255)
Answers will vary. All general requests and requests for permission should include:
Can?, Could?, Will?, Would?, May?, and possible please or Would you
mind?
Possible answers include:
1. Would you mind if I handed in my assignment late
2. May I close the window
3. Can I ask a question, please
4. May I speak to
5. May I talk to
6. Could I have a cookie
7. May I have another
8. May I help you
EXERCISE 6 (page 256)
Answers will vary. Possible questions include:
1. May I use the phone?
2. Could you repeat that, please?
3. Could you please tell me if Flight 255 from Denver is on time?
4. May I borrow your car?
5. Would you mind buying me some aspirin?
6. May I leave the room now?
7. Can I/Would you shut the window, please?
8. Can you spare some time to talk with me?
9. Could I please change my appointment?
10. Can I have some tea, please?
Activity 5 Reading/speaking
Step 1
Answers may vary slightly, but all should include a polite request and/or a request for
permission.
Activity 6 Listening/writing
Step 2
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
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Unit 18
Used To With Still and Anymore
Opening Task
Step 1
1. Jennifer Lopez
2. Nicole Kidman
3. Arnold Schwarzenegger
4. Morgan Freeman
5. Brad Pitt
6. Julia Roberts
Step 2
a. (3) Arnold Schwarzenegger
b. (6) Julia Roberts
c. (2) Nicole Kidman
d. (1) Jennifer Lopez
e. (4) Morgan Freeman
f. (5) Brad Pitt
EXERCISE 1 (page 264)
1. b. She used to have dark hair but now she has light brown hair.
c. She used to be on TV but now she makes movies.
2. a. Brad Pitt used to have short hair but now he has long hair.
b. He used to live in Missouri but now he lives in Hollywood.
c. He used to drive limousines but now he is a movie star.
EXERCISE 2 (page 265)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 3 (page 266)
1. Julia Roberts still has long hair. She is still very slim.
2. Morgan Freeman still has a beard. He still wears an earring.
3. Jennifer Lopez still has long hair.
4. Arnold Schwarzenegger still looks very strong.
5. Nicole Kidman is still very pretty. She still has the same smile.
6. Brad Pitt is still very handsome. He still has blond hair.
EXERCISE 4 (page 266)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
-Jack used to live in Canada but now he lives in the United States.
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
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page 51
-He used to work for a newspaper in Toronto but now he works for one in Washington,
D.C.
-He used to go swimming every day but now he goes running.
-He still weighs 190 pounds.
-He used to be single but now he is married.
EXERCISE 5 (page 267)
2. still grow, fruit and vegetables
3. used to mine silver in the north
4. dont mine, anymore
5. did not/didnt use to produce silk in the north
6. used to produce, south
7. still mine, diamonds
8. still grow, coffee
9. still mine, gold
EXERCISE 6 (page 268)
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never
Activity 4 Listening
Check audio script, LP page S-7, for answers.
page 52
Unit 19
Past Perfect: Before and After
Opening Task
Step 2
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
-Rose had two children.
-Mark and Ann had two sons.
-Kay got married and had a daughter.
-Lisa was married three times.
EXERCISE 1 (page 275)
2. had had two children
3. had (gotten) married three times
4. Tom got/arrived/returned home
had gotten married
had had a daughter
5. had had twin boys
6. had lost her husband
had gained five great-grandchildren
7. had died
were born
8. had become grandparents
9. had had
had not/hadnt (gotten) married
had (gotten) married
had not/hadnt had
EXERCISE 2 (page 276)
1) 1, 2 He took the bus because his car had broken down.
2) 2, 1 Charlotte was depressed because she had failed her English exam.
3) 1, 2 Tanyas skin was very red because she had sat in the sun all afternoon.
4) 1, 2 We were really hungry because we hadnt eaten all day.
5) 2, 1 Brendas clothes were too tight because she hadnt exercised for several months.
6. 2, 1 Neville couldnt sleep because he had drunk several cups of very strong coffee.
7) 1, 2 We thought the test was very easy because we had studied hard for three weeks.
8) 2, 1 I felt very tired yesterday morning because I hadnt slept well.
EXERCISE 3 (page 277)
2. She had checked the map carefully before she started her journey.
3. She lost her way because so many things in her hometown had changed. ()
4. By the time she arrived, the party had almost finished. ()
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5. Many of her old school friends had left before she got there.
6. She didnt recognize some of her friends because they had changed so much.
7. After she had talked to them for a while about the old days, she started to feel quite
sad.
8. By the time she got home, she had decided not to go to any more high school
reunions. ()
EXERCISE 4 (page 278)
To the teacher: () = must use past perfect with by the time expressions.
1. After sue had done/did some research on the Internet, she planned her trip.
2. After she had bought/bought an airline ticket, she booked a hotel in Palermo.
3. She had bought/bought a guidebook and a map before she packed her bags.
4. After she had arrived/arrived in Palermo, she called her mothers school friends.
5. She had walked/walked around the city before she met her mothers friend in the main
square.
6. After they had driven/drove to her grandmothers village, they visited her
grandmothers old home.
7. They had spoken/spoke to many family members, friends, and other villagers, before
they returned to the city.
8. Sue had learned a lot about her grandmothers life, by the time she got back at the end
of the day. ()
9. After she (had gone) went back to her hotel, she wrote some notes about her
experience.
10. She returned home, and by the end of the year she had written a successful book
about her trip. ()
EXERCISE 5 (page 279)
1. because he had eaten
2. Jan was really confused
3. Graham has gone home. OR: because he had
4. he has traveled OR: was a lucky man
5. she had broken her leg
6. Before he had left/left the house
7. after she has graded them OR: Professor Westerfield always returned
8. your plane had left
9. they had missed the bus.
EXERCISE 6 (page 279)
(2) was driving
(3) had forgotten
(4) arrived
(5) didnt have
(6) had left
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
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Unit 20
Articles: The, A/An, Some, and
Opening Task
Step 2
a. 2
b. 8
c. 5
d. 7
e. 9
f. 1
g. 6
h. 4
i. 3
Step 3
1, 2, 5, 4, 3
EXERCISE 1 (page 287)
1.a
2.
3. some
4. an
5. The
6.
7. some/
8. some/
9. the
10.
11. the
12. The
EXERCISE 2 (page 288)
1. asingular count noun; talking about it (a job) for the first time; answers the question
What?
2. plural count noun; talking about a group of things (apartments), not a specific
apartment; answers the question What?
3. some plural count noun; talking about quantity; answers the question What?
4. ansingular count noun; talking about it (an apartment) for the first time; answers the
question What?
5. Thesingular count noun; second mention; answers the question Which?
6. plural count noun; talking about a group of things (old houses), not a specific
house.
7. Some/ either can be used with a plural count noun.
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
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page 58
4. a garden, L
5. at dinner, L
6. any public place, R
7. in or outside of someones home, U
8. in someones home or outside in the yard, L
9. outside, U
10. anywhere, R
11. in a familys house, L
12. anywhere, R
EXERCISE 10 (page 296)
1. S because telephone booth has been mentioned before.
2. R because a related noun, telephone booth, has been mentioned before; window is
part of the telephone booth.
3. R because a related noun, telephone booth, has been mentioned before; all telephone
booths have floors.
4. S because broom has been mentioned before.
5. R because a related noun, telephone booth, has been mentioned before; all telephone
booths have telephones.
6. R because a related noun, telephone and telephone booth, have been mentioned.
7. S because coffee mug has been mentioned before.
8. S because phone call has been mentioned before.
EXERCISE 11 (page 296)
Correct order: f,a,i,h,c,g,d,b,e
h. the suburbs relates to something talked about before a quiet neighborhood is
sentence i and its universally known; the house second mention c. The second place
because of the adjective second; the house second mention g. the real estate agent
second mention; the house second mention; the apartment buildings second mention
d. the end of a dead-end street related mention (dead-end streets have an end) and
uniqueness because there is only one end of a dead-end street, which is regionally known
b. the little house second mention; the kitchen second mention e. the kitchen second
mention; the house second mention
EXERCISE 12 (page 297)
Answers may vary, since it may be possible to justify the choice of the for more than one
reason. Possible answers include:
1. f
2. a
3. d
4. d
5. e
6. d
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
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page 60
Activity 5 Listening
Speaker 1:
First mention a
house
rug
living room visit
study
desk
kitchen
view
table
desk
Second mention a
living room
kitchen
study
rug
Speaker 2:
First mention a
living room
bed
bedroom
chest (of drawers)
kitchen
lamp
bathroom
sofa
kitchen table
armchair
cup (of coffee)
Second mention a
kitchen (2)
bedroom
living room (2)
page 61
Unit 21
Articles With Names of Places
Opening Task
Step 1
Answers will vary.
(left to right, 1st row): Mount Everest, Amazon River, Sahara Desert
(left to right, 2nd row): Greenland, Lake Superior, Jupiter
Step 2
Asia, the Amazon, Russia, Greenland, the Himalayas, Mt. Everest, the Sahara, the Pacific
Ocean, Lake Superior, Jupiter
EXERCISE 1 (page 305)
2. (A): the Amazon
3. (B): Russia
4. (B): Greenland
5. (A): the Himalayas
6. (B): Mt. Everest
7. (A) the Sahara
8. (A): the Pacific Ocean
9. (B): Lake Superior
10. (B): Jupiter
EXERCISE 2 (page 305)
Canada ( use no article - with names of country)
Vancouver ( use no article with names of cities)
Mount Whistler ( use no article with names of single mountains)
Lake Louise ( use no article with names of lakes)
Victoria ( use no article with names of cities)
British Columbia ( use no article with names of provinces)
Pacific Ocean ( use the with names of oceans)
Rockies ( use the with names of mountain ranges)
Queen Charlotte Islands (- use the with names of groups of islands)
Alaska ( use no article with names of states)
EXERCISE 3 (page 306)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
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7. the
8.
9. the
10.
11. the
12. the
Activity 4 Listening
1. The woman is talking about Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is in South
America. The woman likes it because the people are nice and theres a lot to see.
2. Leblon Beach, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Santa Marinha Street, South America, the City
Historic Museum, City Park, Rio de Janeiro, Ipanema Beach
3. The only article used is the Santa Marinha Street.
Activity 6 Reading/speaking
Boston
Massachusetts
New England
the Public Garden
Copley Square
the Hancock Tower
the Museum of Fine Arts
the Old North Church
Harvard University
the Berkshire Mountains
the Elizabeth Islands
Nantucket Island
Sturbridge Village
New York
New York State
the Northeast
the Statue of Liberty
the Empire State Building
the Metropolitan Museum of Art
the Guggenheim Museum
Washington Square Park
the Catskill Mountains
the Finger Lakes
the Jersey Shore
Washington Square Park
page 64
Unit 22
The Passive
Opening Task
Step 2
raise sheep in the northwest
grow cotton in the south
grow wheat in the east
mine copper in the southeast
raise goats in the west
EXERCISE 1 (page 314)
The passive voice is preferable throughout as it focuses on the result of the action:
Sheep are raised,. Cotton is grown, Wheat is grown, Copper is mined, Goats are
raised
EXERCISE 2 (page 315)
1. 2
2. 1
3. 1
4. 2
5. 2
6. 1
Yes, because it is not important to know who performed the act (mining, planting,
producing).
Rewritten statements:
2. Silver has been mined throughout
3. The first crop of rice will be planted in
6. Grapes have been produced in
EXERCISE 3 (page 316)
(1) was built
(2) are being constructed
(3) will be finished
(4) was known
(5) were written
(6) were published
(7) are be translated
(8) is (being) taught
(9) are spoken
(10) were arrested
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
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(12) got finished. Sentences 7 and 9: the be-passive must be used with stative verbs such
as the ones in these sentences.
Passage 2: (2) got stolen, (3) had gotten replaced, (4) didnt get taken, (5) all got fooled
Sentence 1: the be-passive can only be used it emphasizes a continuing state.
EXERCISE 9 (page 323)
1. Elvis was seen in a supermarket line.
2. The vice president got kidnapped
3. The worlds worst husband got married 36 times.
4. A mans false teeth got stuck in his throat for six months.
5. A three-year-old got arrested driving a truck.
Activity 5 Listening
Check audio script on LP page S-9 for answers.
page 67
Unit 23
Phrasal Verbs
Opening Task
Step 2
1 across: make
2 down: hand
3 across: look
3 down: leave
4 across: cross
5 across: clean
6 across: find
6 down: fill
7 down: work
8 down: stand
EXERCISE 1 (page 330)
1. Take out a library book:
First, look up the title of the book. Then take down the book from the shelf. Check out
the book at the desk. Finally, dont forget to give back the book before the due date.
2. Use a CD player: First, take out the CD from its cover. Then switch on the CD player.
Put in the CD. Finally, turn up the volume.
3. Get cash from an ATM: First, put in your ATM card. Then key/type in your PIN
number (and the amount of cash you need). Take out your cash. Finally, take back your
card.
4. Drive a car: First, get in the car. Put in the key. Switch on the engine.
Press down the accelerator/gas pedal.
5. Your idea. Example: Do research on the Internet: Go on the Internet. Type in the
keyword (s). Click on the website. Look up the topic.
EXERCISE 2 (page 331)
Clockwise:
look up, look away, look out, look in, look over, look down; hand out, hand in, hand
over; clean up, clean out; stand up, stand away, stand out, stand in; write up, write over;
put up, put away, put in, put down; go up, go away, go out, go over; fill up, fill out, fill
in; sit up, sit out, sit in, sit over, sit down.
EXERCISE 3 (page 332)
(1) up (2) down (3) down (4) up (5) over (6) in (7) out (8) in (9) over (10) up (11) away
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Step 3
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
Lets look at
Can I put on
Lets try for/plan on
You cant take them out
EXERCISE 9 (pages 339-340)
Incorrect placements:
1. get on is inseparable.
2. threw out should stay together since the object is too long
3. ran into should stay together since run into is inseparable
4. call back should be separatedcall her backsince her is a pronoun
5. passed away should stay together since pass away is inseparable,
put off should stay together since the object is too long
6. go over is inseparable, put away should be separated put them away since them is
a pronoun.
EXERCISE 10 (page 340)
Answers will vary, depending on students sentences in Exercise 5.
EXERCISE 11 (page 342)
(2) come back
(3) eat out
(4) caught on
(5) ran into
(6) were getting off
(7) has grown up
(8) finding out
(9) turn down
(10) came over
(11) talked it over
(12) putting on
(13) come back
(14) show up
EXERCISE 12 (page 343)
Step 1
There are different ways to fill in the puzzle:
Upper left: off/up/out
Lower left: put/get/take
Upper right: on; up
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
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Unit 24
Adjective Clauses and Participles as Adjectives
Opening Task
Step 2
CLUES:
1. Lee loves the (person) who speaks Swahili. O
2. Tracy loves the (person) who tells amusing stories. O
3. The teacher loves the writer. O
4. The pilot loves the (person) who is interested in history. O
5. Sid loves the (person) that plays the piano. O
6. The (person) who tells amusing stories is a pilot. S
7. The (person) that runs three miles a day is a doctor. S
8. The (person) who plays the piano is a teacher. S
9. The (person) who is interested in history is a doctor. S
10. The doctor loves the (person) who tells amusing stories. O
11. The (person) who speaks Swahili is a writer. S
12. The pilot loves the (person) who runs three miles a day. O
PUZZLE:
Information about Lee:
-plays the piano
-is a teacher
Lee loves
-the writer
Name: Sid
Information about Tracy:
-is interest in history
-runs 3 miles a day, is a doctor
Tracy loves
-the person who tells amusing stories
-the pilot
Name: Kit
Information about Kit:
-tells amusing stories
-is a pilot
Kit loves
-the person who runs 3 miles a day
-the doctor
Name: Tracy
Information about Sid:
-speaks Swahili
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-is a writer
Sid loves
-the person who plays the piano
-the teacher
Name: Lee
Step 3
The person who loves Lee is Sid. The person who loves Kit is Tracy.
The person whom Sid loves is Lee. The person whom Tracy loves is Kit.
EXERCISE 1 (page 350)
See answers on LP page 348.
EXERCISE 2 (pages 351-352)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 3 (page 353)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 4 (page 354)
Answers will vary.
EXERCISE 5 (pages 354-355)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
1. Its interesting talking with women who have had experiences which are similar to
mine since there are a lot of things to talk about.
2. and 3. For example, balance is a topic which/that most of my women friends are
interested in, since achieving balance is a challenge for many women who have jobs and
family responsibilities.
4. Women who dont have jobs outside of their homes sometimes feel criticized by other
people who think that women should have careers.
5. This is an attitude which/that more and more people share.
6. Women who work at jobs and have young children also feel criticized by other people
who think that all women should stay at home with their children.
7. Some people believe that children should never be sent to a day care center, which is a
business, not a loving home. This is a belief which/that makes some women feel a lack of
balance in their lives.
8. Women who never have children may feel pressure from their own parents, who worry
that their children wont provide them with grandchildren.
9. These are examples that show how it can be difficult for women to feel sure they are
doing the right thing for themselves and for their children.
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
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Unit 25
Conditionals
Opening Task
Step 2
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
If I had a knife, I would use it to cut wood for a fire.
If I saw a ship, I would try to make a fire so they would see the smoke.
If I found human footprints, I would follow them to find out who it was/who they
belonged to.
If I didnt have any water, I would get juice from fruit or plants.
If I met another survivor, I would work with him or her to make a plan / escape / build a
shelter / get help.
EXERCISE 1 (page 364)
Answers will depend on what students wrote in the opening task.
EXERCISE 2 (page 365)
Answers will vary. Main clauses should all use would.
EXERCISE 3 (page 365)
Answers will vary, but main clauses should all use would. If-clauses should be based on
the main clause.
EXERCISE 4 (pages 366-367)
Answers are likely to include the following, but students may find even more than these.
Examples:
If Ilene hadnt received a party invitation, she wouldnt have gone out on New Years
Eve. If Jeff had been gay, he wouldnt have been interested in Ilene. If Diana hadnt
persuaded Ilene to change her mind, she wouldnt have gone to the party. If Ilene hadnt
left the party invitation at home, she wouldnt have ended up at the party where she met
Jeff. If Ilene had remembered the right address, she wouldnt have ended up at the party
where she met Jeff. If Diana hadnt persuaded Ilene to stay at the party, she might have
left before she met Jeff. If Ilene hadnt tripped down the steps, she wouldnt have been
caught in Jeffs arms. If Jeff hadnt been visiting his sister next door, he wouldnt have
gone next door to the party at all. If Jeff hadnt gone next door to tell people to turn the
music down, he wouldnt have met Ilene. If there hadnt been a terrible snowstorm that
night, he would have left for West Africa the next day. If Jeff had stayed in West Africa
longer, he might have forgotten about Ilene.
page 75
page 76
8. hypothetical (improbable)
EXERCISE 12 (page 374)
2. changes/will study (possible; she is planning to change her career)
3. stayed/would not be (hypothetical; she did not stay in Brazilpast fact that cant be
changed)
4. will speak/moves (or would speak/moved) (possible; it is likely that living in France
will enable Antonia to learn French. However, we could say it is hypothetical because we
dont have clear evidence that Antonia will move to France.)
5. breaks down/will buy (possible; the car is old and could break down)
6. did not have/would take (hypothetical; she does in fact have a car)
7. will start/gets accepted (possible; she applied and could be accepted)
8. had continued/would have begun (hypothetical; she didnt continue her studiespast
fact that cannot be changed)
EXERCISE 13 (page 375)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
1. it is warm
2. it expands
3. you spill it
4. you stroke/pet them
5. the temperature is below 0 degrees Centigrade/32 degrees Fahrenheit
6. it will turn on
7. if you put it in boiling water
8. if they like it
EXERCISE 14 (page 377)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
(1) will/ll go
(2) might visit
(3) might stay
(4) will/ll break
(5) will/ll spill
(6) wouldnt have won
(7) wouldnt be
(8) wouldnt have
(9) would have gone back
(10) would have won
Activity 6 Listening
See audio script on LP page S-10
Step 1
Copyright Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning
page 77
The man would include a copy of The New York Times, a laptop computer, an
autographed major league baseball. The woman would include Levis jeans, a Big Mac,
and copy of TV Guide.