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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES:

DIODE IV CHARACTERISTICS

Villars, Joshua

Abstract
A LabVIEW test fixture is developed for automatic evaluation of the small signal
impedance of red, green, yellow, and blue LEDs.

Introduction
As is well known, the IV characteristics of common LEDs depends upon the color. This
interface in LabVIEW automatically measures and displays the IV characteristics of these LEDs,
and computes for display the small signal impedance dV/dI of these devices.

Color

Wavelength [nm]

Voltage drop [V]

Infrared

> 760

V < 1.63

Red

610 < < 760

1.63 < V < 2.03

Orange

590 < < 610

2.03 < V < 2.10

Yellow

570 < < 590

2.10 < V < 2.18

Green

500 < < 570

1.9[70] < V < 4.0

Semiconductor material
Gallium arsenide (GaAs)
Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)
Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
Traditional green:
Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP)
Pure green:
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) / Gallium(III)
nitride (GaN)

Blue

450 < < 500

2.48 < V < 3.7

Violet

400 < < 450

2.76 < V < 4.0

Purple

Multiple types

2.48 < V < 3.7

Ultraviolet

< 400

3.1 < V < 4.4

Pink

Multiple types

V ~ 3.3[76]

White

Broad spectrum

V = 3.5

Zinc selenide (ZnSe)


Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)
Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate
Silicon (Si) as substrateunder development
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)
Dual blue/red LEDs,
blue with red phosphor,
or white with purple plastic
Diamond (235 nm)[71]
Boron nitride (215 nm)[72][73]
Aluminium nitride (AlN) (210 nm)[74]
Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN)
Aluminium gallium indium
nitride (AlGaInN)down to 210 nm[75]
Blue with one or two phosphor layers:
yellow with red, orange or pink phosphor
added afterwards,
or white phosphors with pink pigment or dye
over top.[77]
Blue/UV diode with yellow phosphor

Procedure
1. Connect a power supply providing 25 Volts to a resistor. On the remaining end, connect a
light emitting diode (LED), which is connected to a grounding wire.
2. To use the provided LabVIEW program, connect a wire in between the resistor and LED
for the digital multimeter.
3. Using the provided LabVIEW program, Diode IV curves, sweep the voltage from 0 to
25 volts, and note when the LED begins to emit light, and how the diode behaves once it
passes that threshold.

Apparatus

In this apparatus, the red wire pictured farthest left is providing the current to the resistor.
It flows through the resistor, the second red wire between the resistor and LED delivers the flow
to the digital multimeter, and the flow continues through the LED, and then into the grounding
wire.

Results
Four different color light emitting diodes were used: Blue, Green, Red and Yellow.

Blue
Green
Red
Yellow

Voltage Drop Current (Amps)


2.62
0.0021
1.89
0.0021
1.882
0.0021
1.819
0.0021

The voltages in this table are the voltage drops when the diode light first activated.
Full page views of collected and plotted data begins on the following page.

1. Blue LED

Graph 1 - Current vs. Voltage (Blue)

Graph 2 - Resistance vs. Voltage Sweep (Blue)

2. Green LED

Graph 3 - Current vs. Voltage (Green)

Graph 4 - Resistance vs. Voltage Sweep (Green)

3. Red LED

Graph 5 - Current vs. Voltage (Red)

Graph 6 - Resistance vs. Voltage Sweep (Red)

4. Yellow LED

Graph 7 - Current vs. Voltage (Yellow)

Graph 8 - Resistance vs. Voltage Sweep (Yellow)

Conclusion
In this lab, we concluded that our experimental results of the voltage drop of different
color LEDs did coincide with the theoretical voltage drops of the LEDs of different wavelengths.

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