Chap 3-1
Shape of a Distribution
Describes how data is distributed
Measures of shape
Symmetric or skewed
Chap 3-2
Measures of Skewness
1. Karl Pearson’s measure
2. Bowley’s measure
3. Kelly’s measure
4. Moment’s measure
Chap 3-3
Karl Pearson’s formula :
Skewness MEAN-Mode
Co-efficient of Skewness
MEAN-MODE
Standard Deviation
Chap 3-4
Given The data Calculate the Karl Pearson’s
coefficient of skewness
Chap 3-6
Mean 45- (28/217)10 43.71
Chap 3-7
BOWLEY’S MEASURE
Skewness Q3 +Q1 - 2Median
Q3 - Q 1
Chap 3-8
Kelly’s Measure
Coefficient of skewness p90 – 2 p50 + p10
P90-P10
Chap 3-9
MOMENTS
It is used to indicate peculiarities of a
frequency distribution.
The utilities lies in the sense that they indicate
different aspects of a given distribution.
We can measure the central tendency of a
series, dispersion or variability, skewness and
the peakedness of the curve.
Chap 3-10
First moment μ1 =∑ fi (xi – x)/N
Chap 3-11
The first moment is zero.
Chap 3-12
KURTOSIS
Kurtosis is another measure of the shape of a
frequency curve.
While Skewness signifies the extent of
Asymmetry, Kurtosis measures the degree of
peakedness of a frequency distribution.
Chap 3-13
Types of Curves
Leptokurtic Peaked Curve B2 > 3
Mesokurtic Normal Curve B2 3
Platykurtic Flat Curve B2 < 3
Chap 3-14
Coefficient of Kurtosis
K (Q3 – Q1)/2
P90 - P10
B2 μ 4 / μ 2 2
Chap 3-15
Exploratory Data Analysis
Box-and-whisker plot
Graphical display of data using 5-number summary
4 6 8 10 12
Chap 3-16
Distribution Shape and
Box-and-Whisker Plot
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q1Q2Q3 Q1 Q2 Q3
Chap 3-17