Anda di halaman 1dari 17

SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS

 Curves representing the data points in


the data set may be either symmetrical
or skewed.
 When the mean, mode and median do
not have the same value in a
distribution, then it is termed as skewed
distribution

Chap 3-1
Shape of a Distribution
 Describes how data is distributed
 Measures of shape
 Symmetric or skewed

Left-Skewed Symmetric Right-Skewed


Mean < Median < Mode Mean = Median =Mode Mode < Median < Mean

Chap 3-2
Measures of Skewness
 1. Karl Pearson’s measure
 2. Bowley’s measure
 3. Kelly’s measure
 4. Moment’s measure

Chap 3-3
 Karl Pearson’s formula :

 Skewness MEAN-Mode
 Co-efficient of Skewness
MEAN-MODE
Standard Deviation

Skewness when mode can not be


determined
 SK 3(Mean-Median)
 Standard Deviation

Chap 3-4
Given The data Calculate the Karl Pearson’s
coefficient of skewness

 Sigma X 452 Sigma X2 24270


 Mode 43.7 & N 10
 Solution :
 Mean 452/10  45.2
 SD (24270/10)- (45.2)2
 19.59
 SKp (45.2-43.7)/19.59

 0.08 It shows there is positive skewness though it is


marginal
Chap 3-5
X 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
f 18 30 40 55 38 20 16

 Calculate the measure of skewness using the


mean, median and standard deviation?
 Sol. Midpoint 15 25 35 45 55 65 75
 f 18 30 40 55 38 20 16
 dx -3 –2 -1 0 1 2 3
 fdx -54 –60 - 40 0 38 40 48 (-28)
 fdx2 162 120 40 0 38 80 144 (584)

 cf 18 48 88 143 181 201 217

Chap 3-6
 Mean 45- (28/217)10  43.71

 Median 40+ (50-40)(109-88)  43.82


 55
 SD (584/217) - (-28/217)2 x 10 -> 16.4

 Skewness 3(Mean-Median)  -0.33


 Coefficient of skewness Skp/SD -0.02
 The result shows Distribution is negative
Skewed but it is negligible

Chap 3-7
BOWLEY’S MEASURE
 Skewness Q3 +Q1 - 2Median
 Q3 - Q 1

 The value of this vary between +-1.

Chap 3-8
Kelly’s Measure
 Coefficient of skewness p90 – 2 p50 + p10
P90-P10

Chap 3-9
MOMENTS
 It is used to indicate peculiarities of a
frequency distribution.
 The utilities lies in the sense that they indicate
different aspects of a given distribution.
 We can measure the central tendency of a
series, dispersion or variability, skewness and
the peakedness of the curve.

Chap 3-10
First moment  μ1 =∑ fi (xi – x)/N

 Second moment  μ2 = ∑ fi (xi – x)2/N

 Third moment  μ3 = ∑ fi (xi – x)3/N

 Fourth moment  μ4 = ∑ fi (xi – x)4/N

Chap 3-11
 The first moment is zero.

 The second indicates Variance.

 The Third indicates skewness.

 The fourth indicates Kurtosis.

Chap 3-12
KURTOSIS
 Kurtosis is another measure of the shape of a
frequency curve.
 While Skewness signifies the extent of
Asymmetry, Kurtosis measures the degree of
peakedness of a frequency distribution.

Chap 3-13
Types of Curves
 Leptokurtic Peaked Curve B2 > 3
 Mesokurtic Normal Curve B2  3
 Platykurtic Flat Curve B2 < 3

Chap 3-14
Coefficient of Kurtosis

 K  (Q3 – Q1)/2
 P90 - P10

 For Mesokurtic curve, MEAN is most Appropriate.


 For Leptokurtic curve, MEDIAN is most Appropriate.
 For Platykurtic curve, Quartile is most Appropriate.

B2  μ 4 / μ 2 2

Chap 3-15
Exploratory Data Analysis
 Box-and-whisker plot
 Graphical display of data using 5-number summary

Median( Q2) Xlargest


X smallest Q Q3
1

4 6 8 10 12
Chap 3-16
Distribution Shape and
Box-and-Whisker Plot

Left-Skewed Symmetric Right-Skewed

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q1Q2Q3 Q1 Q2 Q3

Chap 3-17

Anda mungkin juga menyukai