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STRESS MANAGEMENT BIOSENSOR

This biosensor measures stress reactions at the skin level electrodermal activity and sends
data to smart device. That data feeds into Apps, which, using biofeedback, helps our mind learn how to
manage stress.
Our levels of stress fluctuate continuously significant changes happen in fractions of a second;
and with the fluctuation, the electrical properties of our skin change. The skin at our fingertips acts as a
particularly sensitive indicator (Galvanic Skin Responds).When we held this biosensor in our fingertips: it
detects the rise and fall of stress, and feeds data into an app at the rate of 8 times per second. This
biosensor combines precision engineered gold plated sensors, proprietary algorithms and signal
processing technology to ensure accurate stress level reading.
This biosensor uses biofeedback to empower us to manage personal stress. It monitors changes
in our stress levels, in real time. The Apps reflect these changes. The more we relax, the better we
perform. This feedback helps us identify what relaxes us, training the mind to manage personal stress.

GSR (GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE)


Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), is a method of measuring the electrical conductance of the skin,
which varies depending on the amount of sweat-induced moisture on the skin. Sweat is controlled by
the sympathetic nervous system,[1] so skin conductance is used as an indication of psychological or
physiological arousal. If the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is highly aroused,
then sweat gland activity also increases, which in turn increases skin conductance. In this way, skin
conductance can be used as a measure of emotional and sympathetic responses.[2] There has been a
long history of electrodermal activity research, most of it dealing with spontaneous fluctuations or
reactions to stimuli.
The human body produces several measurable signals that indicate activity in various
systems.One such biosignal is galvanic skin response (GSR,) also referred to as electrodermal activity
(EDA.) GSR reflects activation of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for control of
visceral functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiration, and perspiration. The majority of these
functions operate on an unconscious level. (Regardless of whether you remembered to breath or not,
there you are, still alive and reading, but you can just as easily jump in and take over for the auto-pilot if
you want. Try doing that with your stomach!) More specifically, GSR is linked to activity in the
sympathetic nervous system. As a part of the autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous
system stimulates metabolic output to deal with external challenges. When the body is under stress,
the sympathetic nervous system responds by elevating heart rate, blood pressure, and sweat
production, as well as redirecting blood from the digestive system to the skeletal muscles, lungs, and
brain in preparation for motor activity. Another way of thinking of the sympathetic nervous system is as
your fight or flight regulator.
GSR is considered to be a function of sweat gland activity and pore size. As the body comes
under stress, sweat production increases, and the sweat ducts fill. Sweat is a weak electrolyte and a
good conductor, so GSR is measured by applying a low voltage electric current to the skin. Increased
sweat production creates several low resistance pathways across the surface of the skin. A relaxed
subject with drier skin will have a higher electrical resistance, while a subject under stress will produce
more sweat, having skin with a lower electrical resistance. Typically, two electrodes are placed across
the palm, fingers, or the base of a foot, where the density of eccrine sweat glands is highest (>
2000/cm2.) Recent research has found the underside of the forearm to be an acceptable measurement
site as well. This option has a higher signal to noise ratio than measuring sites on the hands, but it will
be important to consider later in the project, as hand sensors may interfere with game play.
Galvanic skin response (GSR) or Electrodermal Response (EDR) measures the amount that you
sweat by monitoring changes in your sweat glands. It does this using the markers of water and salt in
your sweat. When you are stressed your sweat glands become more active and you sweat more. I am
sure you have noticed that when you are nervous about something you are more likely to sweat. The
more water and salt there is on your skin the more your skin is able to conduct electricity because
water, and especially salty water, is a good conductor of electricity. A GSR machine is able to measure
the conductivity of your skin, send out a signal either as sound or light and thus give a clear idea of how

stressed you are. The machine has sensors that are usually attached to your fingertips and it helps you
to learn to monitor your stress levels and become more relaxed.
A GSH machine is able to measure the conductivity of your skin, send out a signal either as
sound or light and thus give a clear idea of how stressed you are. The machine has sensors that are
usually attached to your fingertips and it helps you to learn to monitor your stress levels and become
more relaxed.
GSR provides a simple, reproducible method of capturing autonomic nerve response.
A disruption of autonomic balance reflects increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Research has
shown that this increased activity, measured as the amount of current conduction of the skin, is linked
to increased stress levels as demonstrated in experiments involving physical, emotional, and cognitive
tasks.
Pengaruh Tegangan Kulit Pada Kondisi Tubuh Manusia
Tegangan dari kulit sangat berpengaruh terhadap perubahan tingkat ketegangan manusia. Tegangan
pada kulit manusia menurut penelitian, tegangan kulit manusia dalam keadaan normal berkisar antara
1-3 mili Volt, dan apabila manusia sedang mengalami tingkat ketagangan yang tinggi bisa melebihi dari 3
mili Volt. Pada tubuh manusia tingkatan kondisi tubuh dibagi menjadi 4 golongan, yaitu :
Rilexed
Calm
Tense
Stressed
Tabel Pengaruh Kondisi Ketegangan Terhadap Perubahan Tegangan Kulit

Alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur ketegangan manusia biasanya menggunakan suatu alat
yang bernama Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). Cara mengukur dari tegangan kulit adalah dengan
memasang sensor elektroda permukaan kulit pada bagian kedua lengan tangan selama 60 detik, hal ini
dikarenakan selain pemasangannya yang praktis, kondisi kulit tangan yang tidak berkeringat dan
cenderung kering, sangat baik sebagai tempat pemasangan elektroda. Dimana nilai dari tegangan kulit
yang diukur, apabila diukur dengan mengunakan alat ukur tegangan kulit (GSR) maka nilai dari hasil
pengukuran akan sama dengan tegangan pada tubuh manusia yang diukur. Setelah dilakukan penelitian
maka didapatkan hasil dari pengukuran tegangan kulit menggunakan alat GSR dalam berbagai kondisi
tubuh didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut:

Tabel hasil pengukuran GSR

BIOFEEDBACK
Biofeedback, also known as neurotherapy, is a progressive relaxation and selfregulationtechnique used to control ones own stress level (Wenk-Sormaz, 2005). If a person can use
these techniques to gain self-control they have a better chance of overall wellness. The practice of
biofeedback can help reduce chronic pain symptoms (Turk, Swanson, & Tunks, 2008) along with stress
symptoms (Clayton, 2005), and serve as an alternative method of healthcare as opposed to drugs.
Biofeedback is the process of gaining greater awareness of many physiological functions
primarily using instruments that provide information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal
of being able to manipulate them at will.[1][2] Some of the processes that can be controlled include
brainwaves, muscle tone, skin conductance, heart rate and pain perception.[3]
Biofeedback may be used to improve health, performance, and the physiological changes that often
occur in conjunction with changes to thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Eventually, these changes may
be maintained without the use of extra equipment, for no equipment is necessarily required to practice
biofeedback.[2]
Three professional biofeedback organizations, the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and
Biofeedback (AAPB), Biofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA), and the International
Society for Neurofeedback and Research (ISNR), arrived at a consensus definition of biofeedback in
2008:

is a process that enables an individual to learn how to change physiological activity for the purposes
of improving health and performance. Precise instruments measure physiological activity such as
brainwaves, heart function, breathing, muscle activity, and skin temperature. These instruments
rapidly and accurately 'feed back' information to the user. The presentation of this information
often in conjunction with changes in thinking, emotions, and behavior supports desired
physiological changes. Over time, these changes can endure without continued use of an
instrument.[2]

Biofeedback therapy is a technique which helps you to control your stress and anxiety by
learning to use and control signals from your body.

HOW GSR INSTRUMENTS WORK


All instruments consist of four basic parts:
1) Sensors -- connect to the body, usually the palms or fingers,
2) Amplifier -- allows the minute changes in the skin response to become strong
enough to activate the oscillator.
3) Oscillator - vibrates in the audible frequency range
4) Signal readout might be a light, a meter, a speaker, and/or an ink writer
oscilloscope

The GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) is the most useful biofeedback instrument. It is also the least costly to
manufacture and the simplest to operate. The use of audible output is probably the best kind of
feedback mode because it allows people to close their eyes and thus be free of visual distractions while
they are working with the instrument.

METHOD

The output of the system is fed back through a sensor measurement to a control unit, which takes the
error between a reference and the output to change the inputs to the system under control. A relatively
new class of closed loop models are biofeedback systems: closed loops that take a human into the loop;
see also Figure 1. The descriptions of these biofeedback systems target various areas but are essentially
the same, comprising: sensors, processing, influencing algorithm (feedback decision), and actua-tors. In
essence, biofeedback systems for stress re-duction are described by four basic steps:
1. Sensing. Data collection starts at the sensors, where a raw signal is generated that contains an
indication of a persons mental state, e.g. his stress level. Relevant signals can include both overt
and covert bodily signals, such as facial camera recordings, movements, speech samples, and
biosignals.
2. Signal Processing + Pattern Recognition. Ex-ploiting signal features that could contain stress
level information; for example, the number of peaks in the ElectroDermal Activity (EDA) signal
can be counted, serving as a measure for stress. For more information on this step, we refer to
(van den Broek et al., 2010).

3. Influencing Algorithm. Given the obtained af-fective state of the user, a decision is made as to
what feedback to provide to the user. Next, we will provide various examples of this.
4. Feedback Actuators. The feedback is provided by a set of actuators. Such actuators can di-rectly
communicate with our body, either physi-cally (Hatzfeld et al., 2010) or chemically (Mielle et al.,
2010). Alternatively, actuators can commu-nicate indirectly and influence our environment as
we sense it either consciously or unconsciously; for instance, a song can be played or lighting
can be activated to create a certain ambiance. The op-timal way to present this feedback
information is part of the field of Human-Computer Interaction.
The feedback is determined by biosignals but is most often of another modality itself. This pro-vides a
seemingly infinite number of possibilities to provide the (bio)feedback. Audio and Video: (i) The RelaxTV
concept uses a biosensor to monitor the relaxation of a person.
Biofeedback techniques were developed to use breathing guidance for deep relaxation of a televi-sion
viewer (Ouwerkerk, 2011) and (ii) A person-alized affective music player to augment music experience
and direct the listeners mood (Janssen et al., 2012), for instance to a relaxed state.

PIP BIOSENSOR
The PIP is a revolutionary biosensor that helps you really learn to relax, improve your
performance in any aspect of your life and combat stress. The PIP achieves this through biofeedback
which is a process where the user learns to control an aspect of their physiology that they are not
usually aware of. By providing continuous information on whether or not they are doing the right
thing, the user evolves a personal strategy that produces the desired result.
When you are in a stressful situation your body's flight or fight response is activated. As a result,
blood is rushed to the periphery of the body which causes your sweat glands to activate. This activation
changes the conductivity of your skin and is referred to as the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). Held
between your finger and thumb, the PIP captures those changes and transmits them, via Bluetooth, to
your mobile device.

The PIP has emerged from research and development in the exciting Quantified Self space,
and empowers the user to develop relaxation skills using biofeedback. The PIP continuously monitors
the electrical conductance of the user's skin in real time. Our algorithm analyzes and extracts meaningful
features from this data. These features are then used to provide information to the user as to how their
performance within the game is affecting change in their galvanic skin response.
Relax & Race
Relax & Race is the racing game where victory is achieved only by "out-relaxing" your opponent.
Competitive games normally predispose the player to a state of increased tension, but in Relax & Race,
you must discover how to override this tendency, and learn not only to relax, but to relax in a stressful
environment. The game takes the form of a race between two characters. Your stress level is used to
determine your speed in the race: the more you relax, the faster you go. The winner is the player who
manages to relax the most during the course of the game.

PIP Components & Assembly

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