Heterogen
Bahan Kuliah Teknik Reaksi Kimia 1
Oleh
Ol
h
Prof. Dr. Ir. Slamet, MT
Departemen Teknik Kimia UI
September 2012
Konsep
p Reaksi
Katalisis Heterogen
Katalis: hanya
y mengubah
g
laju
j reaksi, bukan kesetimbangan
g
Katalis heterogen:
Proses katalisis yg
melibatkan lebih dari
satu
t ffasa, bi
biasanya
Fasa katalis: padat.
Energy
Ehom
Eads
Reacts
Ecat
H
ads
Prods
Edes des
Reaction Path
Konsep
p Reaksi
Katalisis Heterogen
p
padat
luas p
permukaan antar muka hrs tinggi
gg berpengaruh
p g
secara signifikan pada laju reaksi.
Tipe katalis :
C t h Reaksi
Contoh
R k i Katalitik
K t litik Heterogen
H t
CH 4 + H 2O CO + 3H 2
Ni / Al2O3
External
Diffusion
Internal
Diffusion
5
4
AB
Catalytic
C
l i
Surface
Difusi
Eksternal
Difusi internal
Adsorpsi Isotermis
CA.S
Cv
CB.S
2. Dissociative Adsorption :
At equilibrium:
CO + S CO.S
K A PCO Ct
1 + K A PCO
PCO
PCO
1
=
+
CCO.S K ACt Ct
CCO.S =
l
linierisas
Molecular
Adsorption
linierisasi
(PCO )1/ 2
CO . S
2(PCO )
=
+
Ct
(K A )1/ 2 Ct
1
1/ 2
Dissosiative
Adsorption
Model Adsorpsi
Adsorpsi :
A + S
A.S
B + S
B.S
(multi komponen)
C
rAD A = k PACV A. S
KA
Konsentrasi A teradsorpsi:
C A.S
K A PACt
=
1 + K A PA + K B PB
Desorpsi
R k i Permukaan
Reaksi
P
k
B
1. Single-site mechanism
(Langmuir-Hinshelwood, L-H)
A
A
3.
A .S + B . S C . S + D . S
A.S B.S
A.S+B.S C.S+D.S
B
A . S + B (g) C . S + D (g)
R k i Permukaan
Reaksi
P
k
CH(CH
( 3)2
C3H6
C3H6
ads
reaksi
des
(1). C + S
CS
adsorpsi
(2) CS
(2).
BS + P
reaksi
k i permukaan
k
(3). BS
kD
B+S
desorpsi
k A
ks
ks
kD
Laju adsorpsi:
C
rAD = k A Pc Cv C .S
KA
rD = kDCB.S k-DPBCv
PC
rD = k D C B.S B v
KD
PC
rS = k S C C .S P B.S
KS
kD
KD =
k D
k
KA = A
k A
Laju desorpsi:
KS =
kS
k S
C I .S K = k I
I k
rI = k I PI C v
I
KI
Menentukan TPL
Bagaimana menentukan
tahap penentu (TPL)?
Asumsikan tahap penentu laju
Turunkan persamaan laju
Asumsi TPL
TPL:: Adsorpsi Cumene
rC ' = rAD
C C .S
= k A PC C v
KA
Reaksi Permukaan :
C P
rS = k S CC .S B.S P = 0
KS
Desorpsi :
OK
PC
rD = k D CB.S B v = 0
KD
CC.S
CB.S P P
=
KS
C B.S =
PB C v
KD
1 Asumsi
1.
A
i TPL
TPL:: Adsorpsi
Ad
i Cumene
C
CI .S
= 0
rI = kI PI Cv
KI
C I .S = K I PI Cv
Substitusi :
PBPP
PBPP
Cv = kA PC
Cv
rAD = kA PC
KAKS KD
Ke
C t = C v + (C C .S + C B.S + C I .S )
Cv =
Ct
PB PP
P
+ B + PI K I + 1
KDKS KD
Laju dekomposisi
Cumene jika adsorpsi
mengontrol :
rC ' = rAD
PB PP
k A Ct PC
Ke
=
PP
P
1 + B P + B + K I PI
KS KD KD
Ke = K P =
ln( K P ) =
PB PP
PC
G
RT
>> 1 sehingga:
rC0 ' =
k A y Co PTo Ct
1 + y Io PTo K I
yIo.PTo.KI
k A y Co Ct
y Io K I
rCo ' =
k A (0.8) PTo Ct
1 + (0.2) PTo K I
2 Asumsi
2.
A
i TPL
TPL:: Reaksi
R k i Permukaan
P
k
Laju reaksi:
C B.S PP
rS = k S CC .S
KS
# Laju adsorpsi:
# Laju desorpsi:
P C
r D = k D C B . S B v
KD
CC.S = KAPCCV
C B.S =
PB C v
KD
CI.S = KIPICV
PP
k S Ct K A PC P B
Ke
ro ' =
k S Ct K A (PC 0)
1 + 0 + PC K A + PI K I
atau
ro ' =
k S C t K A (0.5)PTo
1 + (0.5K A + 0.5K I ) PTo
k S Ct K A PTo
kPTo
=
1 + K 2 PTo
1 + K A PTo
-ro
100% cumene
50% cumene
50% inert
3 Asumsi
3.
A
i TPL
TPL:: Desorpsi
D
i benzene
b
Laju desorpsi:
# Laju adsorpsi:
# Laju reaksi perm:
PC
rD = k D C B.S B v
KD
CC.S = KAPCCV
rS = kS (CC.S PPCB.S/KS)
CI.S = KIPICV
PP
k D C t K S K A PC B P
Ke
k D Ct K S K A (PC 0)
0 + PC K A K S + 0 + 0
atau
-ro
PTo
ro ' = k D Ct
Data
D t Ek
Eksperimen
i
-ro
+
+
+
+
Tpl: Adsorpsi
rCo ' =
k A y Co
C PTo
T Ct
1 + y Io PTo K I
+
+
k S Ct K A yCo PTo
1 + ( yCo K A + y Io K I ) PTo
PTo
Tpl: Adsorpsi / Reaksi permukaan ?????
e u exp.
e p ta
tanpa
pa inhibitor
b to lihat
at Fogler
og e ed
ed. 4
Perlu
Pilih mekanisme
reaksi
Asumsikan
TPL
Buat korelasi bbrp
konsentrasi spesi
teradsorpsi
Tulis neraca site
Susun persamaan
laju reaksi
TIDAK-2
Bandingkan
dg data
OK
TIDAK-1
Evaluasi parameter2
laju reaksi
Example
a p e 1010
0- 2
lite
Toluene + H 2 clinoptilo
Benzene + Methane
lite
C6 H 5CH 3 + H 2 clinoptilo
C6 H 6
71.0
71.3
41.6
19.7
42 0
42.0
17.1
71.8
142.0
284.0
47.0
71.3
117.0
127.0
131.0
133.0
41 8
41.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.5
1
5
10
15
20
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
4
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
+ CH 4
1
1 + K M PM + .....
1
1 + K B PB + .....
r 'T PH 2
r 'T
PT
1 + K T PT + .....
r 'T =
kPH 2 PT
1 + K B PB + K T PT
Example
a p e 1010
0- 2
lite
Toluene + H 2 clinoptilo
Benzene + Methane
lite
C6 H 5CH 3 + H 2 clinoptilo
C6 H 6
+ CH 4
Surface
f
react. :
T (g) + S T S ;
C P
H 2 ( g ) + T S B S + M ( g ); rS = k S PH 2 CT S BS M
KS
Desorption :
r 'T =
C
rAD = k A Cv PT T S
KT
B S B( g ) + S ;
C t k S K T PH 2 PT PB PM / K P
1 + K B PB + K T PT
TPL
rD = k D (C BS K B PB Cv )
kPH 2 PT
r 'T = 1 + K P + K P
B B
T T
PH 2 PT
Linierisasi
r 'T
abaikan r .balik
K
K
1
=
+ B (PB ) + T (PT
k
k
k
Example
a p e 1010
0- 2
lite
Toluene + H 2 clinoptilo
Benzene + Methane
lite
C6 H 5CH 3 + H 2 clinoptilo
C6 H 6
+ CH 4
r 'T =
(1 . 405 x10 8 ) PH 2 PT
gmol T
1 + (1 . 264 ) PB + (1 . 006 ) PT g cat s
Example
a p e 1010
0- 2
lite
Toluene + H 2 clinoptilo
Benzene + Methane
lite
C6 H 5CH 3 + H 2 clinoptilo
C6 H 6
+ CH 4
r 'T =
kPH 2 PT
1 + K B PB + K T PT
r 'T =
(1 . 448 x10 8 ) PH 2 PT
gmol T
Example
a p e 1010
0- 2
lite
Toluene + H 2 clinoptilo
Benzene + Methane
lite
C6 H 5CH 3 + H 2 clinoptilo
C6 H 6
+ CH 4
CT S Cv KT PT K T PTo
K T (1 X )
T (1 X )
=
=
=
Rasio
R
i (T.S/B.S)
(T S/B S) :
C BS Cv K B PB
K B PTo X
KB X
1
1
Fraction of Cv
: =
=
vacant sites Ct 1+ KT PT + KB PB 1+ KT PTo (1 X ) + KB PTo X
Fraction of CT S
Cv KT PT
KT PTo (1 X )
:
=
=
toluene sites Ct
Cv (1 + KT PT + K B PB ) [1 + KT PTo (1 X ) + K B PTo X ]
Ratio
at o o
of various
a ous active
act e ssites
tes
Ratio of various activesites
Ratioofvarious
active sites
0.6
05
0.5
Fraksi,
0.4
0.3
PTo = 1 atm
0.2
Cv/Ct
C(T.S)/Ct
C(B.S)/Ct
C(T.S)/Ct+C(B.S)/Ct
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Konversi(X)
0.7
0.8
0.9
Fraksi,
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
01
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Konversi(X)
0.7
0.8
0.9
Example
E
l 1010-4
Tentukan model (pers. Laju) mana
yg paling sesuai dengan data
eksperimen ..........
Example
E
l 1010-4
OK
Kuis / Tugas