LAMPIRAN A

PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

SKEMA PROSES
5

E-01

S-01

D-01

11

1
3

R-01

D-02

10

12

Keterangan alat :
E = Evaporator

D = Distilasi

R = Reaktor

S = Stripper

A. Ketentuan yang digunakan

1. Kapasitas produksi Ethylene Glycol = 400000 ton/tahun
1 tahun produksi
= 330 hari

Kapasitas produk/jam =
= 50505,05 kg/jam

2. Komposisi Bahan Baku Ethylene Oxide

EO
= 99,9% berat
H2O = 0,1% berat
(Meyers, 1982)
3. Komposisi Produk
Ethylene Glycol
EG
= 99,84% berat
H2O = 0,08% berat

DEG = 0,08% berat

(Mc Ketta, 1984)

Diethylene Glycol
EG
= 0,18% berat
TEG = 0,32 berat

DEG = 99,5% berat

(Lukoil)

TriethyleneGlycol
TEG = 99,5% berat

DEG = 0,5% berat

(Lukoil)

4. Reaksi yang terjadi di dalam reaktor

C2H4O + H2O

C2H4(OH)2
(Monoethylen glycol)

C2H4O + C2H4(OH)2

C4H8O(OH)2
(Diethylen glycol)

C2H4O + C4H8O(OH)2

C6H12O2(OH)2
(Triethylen glycol)

5. Perbandingan umpan masuk reaktor

Perbandingan mol raktan EO : H2O = 1 : 5
6. Yield reaksi = 95%
7. Selektivitas Ethylene Glycol = 98,7%
Selektivitas Diethylene Glycol = 1%
Selektivitas Triethylene Glycol = 0,3%
(US Patent No: 25987)
8. Data masing-masing komponen
Kompnen

Simbol

Berat Molekul (gr/mol)

Titik didih (0C)

Ethylene Oxide

EO

44,053

10,4

Water

H2O

18,015

100

Ethylen Glycol

EG

62,068

197,6

Diethylen Glycol

DEG

106,122

245,8

Triethylen Glycol

TEG

150,175

288
(Perry, 1984)

B. Perhitungan Neraca Massa

1. Neraca Massa disekitar Reaktor
EO
H2O

R-01

EO
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

Neraca Massa Total

: F3 = F4

Reaksi Utama

: C2H4O + H2O

Reaksi Samping

: C2H4O + C2H4(OH)2

C2H4(OH)2 ...............(1)
C4H8O(OH)2 ....(2)
C6H12O2(OH)2 ..(3)

C2H4O + C4H8O(OH)2
Yield

Selektivitas

MEG4 = 100 kmol/jam,

MEO3 =

Yield = 95%

= 105,263 kmol/jam

W EO3 = 4637,158 kg/jam

Perbandingan mol reaktan = EO : H2O = 1 : 5
MH2O5 = 5

105,263 kmol/jam = 526,316 kmol/jam

W H2O5 = 9481,579 kg/jam

Reaksi I

EO +

Mula-mula : 105,263

H2 O

EG

526,316

Reaksi

Sisa

Reaksi II :

EO

EG

DEG

Mula-mula :

Reaksi

Sisa

100

 Reaksi III :

EO

DEG

TEG

Mula-mula :

Reaksi

Sisa

Selektivitas EG = 98,7 %
( )
Selektivitas DEG = 1 %
Produk DEG yang terbentuk (h) = 0,01 x 101,317 kmol/jam = 1,013 kmol/jam
MDEG6 = 1,013 kmol/jam
WDEG6 = 107,519 kg/jam

Selektivitas TEG = 0,3 %

Produk TEG yang terbentuk (f) = 0,003 x 101,317 kmol/jam = 0,304 kmol/jam
MTEG6 = 0,304 kmol/jam
WTEG6 = 45,646 kg/jam

d=f+h

= 0,304 + 1,013

= 1,317 kmol/jam

a = d + 100

= 1,317 + 100

= 101,317 kmol/jam

b = 105,263 a

= 105,263 101,317

= 3,946 kmol/jam

c = 526,316 a

= 526,316 101,317

= 424,999 kmol/jam

MH2O6 = 424,999 kmol/jam

WH2O6 = 7.656,351 kg/jam

e = b d = 3,946 1,317 = 2,629 kmol/jam

g = e f = 2,629 0,304 = 2,325 kmol/jam
MEO6 = 2,325 kmol/jam
WEO6 = 102,421 kg/jam

Jadi :
+

EO

Mula-mula

105,263

526,316

Reaksi

101,317

101,317

101,317

Sisa

3,946

424,999

101,317

Reaksi II

EO

Mula-mula

3,946

101,317

Reaksi

1,317

1,317

1,317

Sisa

2,629

100

1,317

Reaksi III

EO

Mula-mula

2,629

1,317

Reaksi

0,304

0,304

0,304

Sisa

2,325

1,013

0,304

H2 O

Reaksi I

H2 O

H2 O

EG

DEG

TEG

Komputasi input dan output di sekitar Reaktor

Komponen

Input

Output

Arus 3

Arus 4

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

EO

4617,158

105,263

102,421

2,325

H2O

9481,579

526,316

7656,351

424,999

EG

6206,8

100

DEG

107,519

1,013

TEG

45,646

0,304

Total

14118,737

631,579

14118,737

528,641

Total massa

14118,737

14118,737

Untuk produksi dalam satu jam operasi, EG yang dihasilkan sebesar 50505,05 kg/jam atau
81,363 kmol/jam. Sehingga, hasil perhitungan di atas dikalikan dengan 6,039 dan komposisi
input dan output di sekitar reaktor menjadi :

Komponen

Input

Output

Arus 3

Arus 4

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

EO

635,700

28004,494

14,041

618,539

H2O

3178,500

57260,689

2566,631

46237,855

EG

603,915

37483,799

DEG

6,119

649,328

TEG

1,836

275,662

Total

3814,200

85265,183

3192,541

85265,183

Total massa

85265,183

85265,183

2. EVAPORATOR
V1
H1

5
F
Tf
Xf
hf

V2
H2

E-01

E-01

U2

U1

S
Ts
Hs
As

C1
Hc1
Tc1
L1
X1
H1

C2
Hc2
Tc2
6
8

L2
X2
H2

Langkah-langkah penyelesaian Evaporator :

Variabel yang diketahui :
F = 86060,454 kg/jam

Xf = 0,450

Qf = 33156369,0182 kj/jam

X2 = 0,85

Tf = 134,4692 0C

U1 = 2700 W/m2.K

Ts = 160 0C

U2 = 1822 W/m2.K

P2

= 0,5 atm

(1) Menghitung enthalpy steam

Steam : Ts =160 0C

Ps = 6,0998 atm
Hs = 2756,700 kj/Kg
s = 2081,200 kj/Kg

(2) Neraca Massa

Over-all

F = C2 + V2 + L2 = V1 + V2 + L2 = Vtot + L2

86060,454 = Vtot + L2
.(10)

Solute

F . Xf = L2 . X2
kg/j (masuk ke pers 10)

L2 =
Vtot = 40455,7220 kg/j

Efek 1

Asumsi 1 : V1 = V2 = 0,5 Vtotal = 20222, 8610 kg/j

F = V1 + L1 (11)
86046,7051 = 20222,8610 + L1
L1 = 65823,8441 kg/j
F . Xf = L1 . X1
(12)
X=

0,5889

(3) Neraca masing-masing efek

Trial P1 = 3 atm
Dari steam table :

T1 = 130,629 0C
H1 = 2720,7487 kj/kg

Suhu TI dicari dengan trial, sehingga y=1

Komponen
EO
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

P
32,251256
4,164132
0,169679
0,031554
0,006545

K = P0/ Ptotal
10,750419
1,388044
0,056560
0,010518
0,002182

Dari trial, didapat T1 = 145,4802 0C

Xi
0
0,7087
0,2875
0,0029
0,0009
1

Y = K Xi
0
0,983706
0,016262
0,000031
0,000002
1

BPR1 = T1 T1 = 14,8515 0C .(13)

T eff1 = Ts T1 = 14,5198 0C ..(14)
Ts = Tc1 = 160 0C

hc1 = 675,5 kj/Kg

Menghitung enthalpy cair jenuh (h1)

T1= 145,4802 0C = 418,6302 K
Komponen
EO
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

Cp
12387,4499
9118,2109
20750,5053
32478,6261
43945,6359

Xi
0
0,7087
0,2875
0,0029
0,0009
1

Cp Xi
0
6462,0702
5966,0552
94,6104
38,4042
12561,1401

h1
0
358,7050
96,1213
0,8915
0,2557
455,9735

Didapat : h1 = 455,9735 kj/kg

Menghitung enthalpy uap jneuh (H1)
H1 = H1 + Cp BPR1
= 27725,2852 + (1,900 14,8515)
= 2748,9619 kj/kg

Efek 2
P2 = 0,5 atm
Dari steam table : T2 = 81,7655 0C
H2 = 2646,7014 kj/kg

Suhu T2 dicari dengan trial, sehingga y = 1. Dari trial didapat T2 = 112,0437 0C

Komponen
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

BPR2

P
1,508979
0,038828
0,005970
0,001020

K = P0/ Ptotal
3,017958
0,077655
0,011940
0,002039

Xi
0,3139
0,6772
0,0069
0,0021
1

= T2-T2 = 30,2782 0C = 298,2104 K

T eff 2 = T1 = T2 = 18,5849 0C

Y = K Xi
0,947327
0,052587
0,000082
0,000004
1

Tc2 = T1 = 130,6286 0C

hc2 = 548,9717 kj/kg

Menghitung enthalpy cair jenuh (h2)

Trial T2 = 106,83 0C = 379,9759 K
Komponen
Cp
EO
7990,2421
H2O
6159,3262
EG
13906,0793
DEG
21762,9909
TEG
29452,3569
Total

Xi
0
0,3808
0,6112
0,0062
0,0019
1

Cp Xi
0
2345,2841
8499,1233
134,7631
54,7134
11033,8838

h1
0
130,1851
136,9324
1,2699
0,3643
268,7517

Didapat : h2 = 268,7517 kj/kg

Menghitung enthalpy uap jenuh (H2)
H2 = H2 + Cp BPR2
= 2646,7014 + (1,883 25,0604)
= 2693,8965 kj/kg
(4) Neraca Panas

Effek 1
Qf + S s = (F V1) h1 + V1 H1 (15)
2081,200 S 2292,9884V1 = 6078649,0774 ...(16)

EFfek 2
L1 h1+ V1 H1= L2 h2+ V2 H2 + V1 hc2 ...(17)
(F-V1)H1 + V1H1 = V2H2 + (F-V1-V2)H2 + V1hc2
2012,7684V1 2425,1448V2 = -16109816,1005 ...(18)
V1 + V2 = Vtotal = 40445,7220 kg/j
V2 = 40445,7220 V1 .(19)

Persamaan (16,18,19) diselesaikan secara simultan, menhasilkan :

V1 = 18471,9509 kg/jam
V2 = 21973,7711 kg/jam

S = 23272,4479 kg/jam
Karena V1dan V2 hasil perhitungan tidak sama dengan asumsi 1 pada
langkah sebelumnya, maka perhitungan dilakukan dengan menetapkan V1
dan V2 baru.
Asumsi 2 : V1 =18471,9509 kg/jam
V2 = 21973,7711 kg/jam

Effek 1
F = V1 + L1
86060,454 = 18471,9509 + L1
L1 = 67574,7542 kg/jam
F Xf = L1 X1
X1 =

= 0,5831

Trial P1 = 3 atm
Dari steam table : T1 = 130,6286 0C
H1 = 2720,7487 kj/kg
Suhu T1 dicari dengan trial. y=1
Komponen
EO
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

P
32,251256
4,164132
0,169679
0,031554
0,006545

K = P0/ Ptotal
10,750419
1,388044
0,056560
0,010518
0,002182

Xi
0
0,7087
0,2875
0,0029
0,0009
1

Y = K Xi
0
0,983706
0,016262
0,000031
0,000002
1

Dari trial, didapat T1 = 145,48 0C

BPR1 = T1 T1 = 14,8515 0C .(13)
T eff1 = Ts T1 = 14,5198 0C ..(14)

Ts = Tc1 = 160 0C

hc1 = 548,9717 kj/Kg

Menghitung enthalpy cair jenuh (h1)

T1= 145,4802 0C
Komponen
EO
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

Cp
12387,4499
9118,2109
20750,5053
32478,6261
43945,6359

Xi
0
0,7087
0,2875
0,0029
0,0009
1

Cp Xi
0
6462,0702
5966,0552
94,6104
38,4042
12561,1401

h1
0
358,7050
96,1213
0,8915
0,2557
455,9735

Didapat : h1 = 455,9735 kj/kg

Menghitung enthalpy uap jneuh (H1)
H1 = H1 + Cp BPR1
= 2720,7487 + (1,900 14,8515)
= 2748,9619 kj/kg

Efek 2
P2 = 0,5 atm
Dari steam table : T2 = 81,7655 0C
H2 = 2646,7014 kj/kg

Suhu T2 dicari dengan trial, sehingga y = 1. Dari trial didapat T2 = 112,0437 0C

Komponen
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

BPR2

P
1,508979
0,038828
0,005970
0,001020

K = P0/ Ptotal
3,017958
0,077655
0,011940
0,002039

Xi
0,3139
0,6772
0,0069
0,0021
1

Y = K Xi
0,947327
0,052587
0,000082
0,000004
1

= T2-T2 = 30,2782 0C

T eff 2 = T1 = T2 = 18,5849 0C
Tc2 = T1 = 130,6286 0C

hc2 = 548,9717 kj/kg

Menghitung enthalpy cair jenuh (h2)

Trial T2 = 112,0437 0C
Komponen
Cp
EO
8554,7711
H2O
6554,9516
EG
14818,4944
DEG
23192,4876
TEG
31385,6344
Total

Xi
0
0,3139
0,6772
0,0069
0,0021

Cp Xi
0
2057,5776
10034,8467
159,1344
64,6014
12316,1502

h1
0
114,2147
161,6750
1,4994
0,4302
277,8194

Didapat : h2 = 277,8194 kj/kg

Menghitung enthalpy uap jenuh (H2)
H2 = H2 + Cp BPR2
= 2646,7014 + (1,883 30,2782)
= 2703,7230 kj/kg
Neraca Panas

Effek 1
Qf + S s = (F V1) h1 + V1 H1
2081,200 S 2292,9884V1 = 6078649,0774 ...(20)

EFfek 2
L1 h1+ V1 H1= L2 h2+ V2 H2 + V1 hc2
(F-V1)H1 + V1H1 = V2H2 + (F-V1-V2)H2 + V1hc2
2021,8360V1 2425,9036V2 = -15329577,6947 ...(21)
V1 + V2 = Vtotal = 40445,7220 kg/j
V2 = 40445,7220 V1 .(22)

Persamaan (20,21,22) diselesaikan secara simultan, menhasilkan :

V1 = 19568,4530 kg/jam

V2 = 22628,1792 kg/jam
S = 24480,5329 kg/jam
Karena V1dan V2 hasil perhitungan tidak sama dengan asumsi 1 pada
langkah sebelumnya, maka perhitungan dilakukan dengan menetapkan V1
dan V2 baru.
Asumsi 3 : V1 =19568,4530 kg/jam
V2 = 22628,1792 kg/jam

Effek 1
F = V1 + L1
86060,454 = 19568,4530 + L1
L1 = 66478,2521 kg/jam
F Xf = L1 X1
X1 =

= 0,5830

Trial P1 = 3 atm
Dari steam table : T1 = 130,6286 0C
H1 = 2720,7487 kj/kg
Suhu T1 dicari dengan trial. y=1
Komponen
EO
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

P
32,125622
4,137269
0,168110
0,031222
0,006468

K = P0/ Ptotal
10,708541
1,379090
0,056037
0,010407
0,002156

Xi
0
0,7136
0,2827
0,0029
0,0009
1

Y = K Xi
0
0,984128
0,015840
0,000030
0,000002
1

Dari trial, didapat T1 = 145,2465 0C

BPR1 = T1 T1 = 14,7308 0C .(13)

T eff1 = Ts T1 = 14,7535 0C ..(14)

Ts = Tc1 = 160 0C

hc1 = 675,5 kj/Kg

Menghitung enthalpy cair jenuh (h1)

T1= 145,2465 0C
Komponen
EO
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

Cp
12360,4147
9100,8411
20710,2492
32415,6802
43860,4782

Xi
0
0,7134
0,2829
0,0029
0,0009

Cp Xi
0
6492,5678
5858,3328
92,9024
37,7108
12481,5139

h1
0
360,3979
94,3857
0,8754
0,2511
455,9101

Didapat : h1 = 455,9101 kj/kg

Menghitung enthalpy uap jneuh (H1)
H1 = H1 + Cp BPR1
= 2725,2852 + (1,884 11,2672)
= 2746,5126 kj/kg

Efek 2
P2 = 0,5 atm
Dari steam table : T2 = 81,7655 0C
H2 = 2646,7014 kj/kg

Suhu T2 dicari dengan trial, sehingga y = 1. Dari trial didapat T2 = 112,0437 0C

Komponen
H2O
EG
DEG
TEG

BPR2

P
1,508979
0,038828
0,005970
0,001020

K = P0/ Ptotal
3,017958
0,077655
0,011940
0,002039

Xi
0,3139
0,6772
0,0069
0,0021
1

Y = K Xi
0,947327
0,052587
0,000082
0,000004
1

= T2-T2 = 30,2782 0C

T eff 2 = T1 = T2 = 18,4720 0C
Tc2 = T1 = 130,5157 0C

hc2 = 548,4918 kj/kg

Menghitung enthalpy cair jenuh (h2)

Trial T2 = 112,0437 0C
Komponen
Cp
EO
8554,7711
H2O
6554,9516
EG
14818,4944
DEG
23192,4876
TEG
31385,6344
Total

Xi
0
0,3139
0,6772
0,0069
0,0021

Cp Xi
0
2057,5777
10034,8466
159,1244
64,6014
12316,1500

h1
0
114,2147
161,6750
1,4994
0,4302
277,8194

Didapat : h2 = 277,8194 kj/kg

Menghitung enthalpy uap jenuh (H2)
H2 = H2 + Cp BPR2
= 2646,7014 + (1,883 30,2782)
= 2703,7230 kj/kg
Neraca Panas

Effek 1
Qf + S s = (F V1) h1 + V1 H1
2081,200 S 2292,6727V1 = 6072966,4121 ...(23)

EFfek 2
L1 h1+ V1 H1= L2 h2+ V2 H2 + V1 hc2
(F-V1)H1 + V1H1 = V2H2 + (F-V1-V2)H2 + V1hc2
2021,5203V1 2425,9036V2 = -153323895,1929 ...(24)
V1 + V2 = Vtotal = 42196,6320 kg/j
V2 = 42196,6120 V1 .(25)

Persamaan (23,24,25) diselesaikan secara simultan, menhasilkan :

V1 = 19571,1199 kg/jam
V2 = 22625,5121 kg/jam
S

= 24477,7715 kg/jam

karena V1, V2 hasil perhitungan mendekati dengan asumsi maka

perhitungan dianggap benar,

Menghitung luas permuakan perpindahan panas masing-masing effek

Untuk evaporator jenis Long Tube Vertical Natural Circulation, harga
overall heat transfer coefficient (U) = 110 - 4000 W/m2.K
Dipilih :

U1 = 2700 W/m2.K
U2 = 1822 W/m2.K

Effek 1 :
Q1 = S s ..(26)
= 24482,4997 kg/jam 2081,200 kj/kg
= 50952978,3992 kj/jam = 14153605,1109 W
A1 =
=

..(27)
= 355,3118 m2

Effek 2
Q2 = V1 (H1 hc2) ..(28)
= 19574,2470 kg/jam (2748,5801 548,9717) kj/kg
= 43055678,5222 kj/jam = 11959910,7006 W
A2 =
=

= 355,3579 m2

Karena selisih ;uas area antara Evaporato 01 dan evaporator 02 kurang dari 5%
maka dihitung A rata-rata (Am).

(29)

Am =
Am = 355,3374 m2
Neraca massa scale up Evaporator 01:
input
Komponen

Output

Arus 4

Arus 5 (V)

Arus 6 (L)

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

EO

624,308

14,172

624,308

14,172

H2O

46669,117

2590,570

19388,813

1076,259

27280,304

1514,310

EG

37833,411

609,548

37833,411

609,548

DEG

655,384

6,176

655,384

6,176

TEG

278,234

1,853

278,234

1,853

Total

86060,454

3222,318

20013,121

1090,431

66047,33

2131,887

86060,454

Total massa

86060,454

Neraca massa scale up Evaporator 02 :

input
Komponen

Output

Arus 6 (L)

Arus 7 (V2)

Arus 8 (L2)

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

Kg/jam

Kmol/jam

EO

H2O

27280,304

1514,310

22629,127

1256,127

4651,176

258,184

EG

37833,411

609,548

37833,411

609,548

DEG

655,384

6,176

655,384

6,176

TEG

278,234

1,853

278,234

1,853

Total

66047,33

2131,887

22629,127

1256,127

43404,205

875,760

Total massa

66033,477

66033,477

3. STRIPPER