Metabolisme Xenobiotik
Senyawa asing yg masuk kedalam tubuh (obat, zat
aditif, polutan, dll.)
Route of
Entry
Digestion
Inhalation
Transdermal
Intra Venous
Metabolisme : 2 Fase
METABOLISME
FASE I
FASE II
2/16/2010
Deaminasi
Dehalogenasi
Desulfurasi
Epoksidasi
Peroksigenasi
Reduksi
ESTERASI
Asam Glukoronat
Sulfat
Asetat
Glutation
METILASI
TUJUAN Meningkatkan Kelarutan/Polaritas EKSKRESI
2/16/2010
Suatu Hemoprotein
Berfungsi pada metabolisme Xenobiotik dan Steroid
Spesifikasi substrat sangat luas
Terdapat dalam Retikulum Endoplasma Hati
Produk dapat bersifat Mutagenik/Karsinogenik
Dapat dirangsang Interaksi Obat
CYP2C9 berperan pada metabolisme Warfarin (antikoagulan)
Produksi CYP2C9 dapat ditingkatkan oleh Phenobarbital
Konsumsi ethanol CYP2E1 komponen asap rokok & beberapa
macam pelarut karsinogenik
Polimorfisme metabolisme obat
CYP3A4 Substrates
Acetominophen (Tylenol)
Codeine (narcotic)
Cyclosporin A (an immunosuppresant),
Diazepam (Valium)
Erythromycin (antibiotic)
Lidocaine (anaesthetic),
Lovastatin (HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, a cholesterol lowering drug),
Taxol (cancer drug),
Warfarin (anticoagulant).
2/16/2010
Humans have 18 families of cytochrome P450 genes and 43 subfamilies (Nelson, 2003):
CYP1 drug metabolism (3 subfamilies, 3 genes, 1 pseudogene) CYP1A2
CYP2 drug and steroid metabolism (13 subfamilies, 16 genes, 16 pseudogenes) CYP2A6,
CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1
CYP3 drug metabolism (1 subfamily, 4 genes, 2 pseudogenes) CYP3A4
CYP4 arachidonic acid or fatty acid metabolism (5 subfamilies, 11 genes, 10 pseudogenes)
CYP5 thromboxane A2 synthase (1 subfamily, 1 gene)
CYP7A bile acid biosynthesis 7-alpha hydroxylase of steroid nucleus (1 subfamily member)
CYP7B brain specific form of 7-alpha hydroxylase (1 subfamily member)
CYP8A prostacyclin synthase (1 subfamily member)
CYP8B bile acid biosynthesis (1 subfamily member)
CYP11 steroid biosynthesis (2 subfamilies, 3 genes)
CYP17 steroid biosynthesis (1 subfamily, 1 gene) 17-alpha hydroxylase
CYP19 steroid biosynthesis (1 subfamily, 1 gene) aromatase forms estrogen
CYP20 unknown function (1 subfamily, 1 gene)
CYP21 steroid biosynthesis (1 subfamily, 1 gene, 1 pseudogene)
CYP24 vitamin D degradation (1 subfamily, 1 gene)
CYP26A retinoic acid hydroxylase important in development (1 subfamily member)
CYP26B probable retinoic acid hydroxylase (1 subfamily member)
CYP26C probabvle retinoic acid hydroxylase (1 subfamily member)
CYP27A bile acid biosynthesis (1 subfamily member)
CYP27B vitamin D3 1-alpha hydroxylase activates vitamin D3 (1 subfamily member)
CYP27C unknown function (1 subfamily member)
CYP39 7-alpha hydroxylation of 24-hydroxycholesterol (1 subfamily member)
CYP46 cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (1 subfamily member)
CYP51 cholesterol biosynthesis (1 subfamily, 1 gene, 3 pseudogenes) lanosterol 14-alpha
demethylase
YANG DIIKAT
2 Asetilimunofluoren
Anilin
Asam Benzoat
Meprobamat
Phenol
Steroid
2/16/2010
B. SULFASI
Donor Sulfat: 3 Phosfat 5 Phosfosulfat (PAPS)
Yang diikat: Alkohol, Fenol, Arilamina
Asetil-KoA
KoA
RSG
SG
As. MerkapturatR
FUNGSI GLUTATION
1. Penguraian H2O2 (Enzim: Glutation Peroksidase)
NADPH + H+
Pentose
Phosphat
Pathway
2H
GSSG
FAD
NADP
Glutation
Reduktase
2GSH
H2o
Se
Glutation
Peroksidase
H2O2
2/16/2010
D. ASETILASI
X + Asetil-KoA
Asetil X
KoA
Asetil Transferase
E. METILASI
H2O
L- Metionin
Pi + PPi
ATP
X + Metil
Donor metil
X Metil
Detoksifikasi
Toksik
GSH S-Transferase
Epoksida Hidrolase
SITOKROM
P450
Xenobiotik
Metabolit Reaktif
Kerusakan Sel
Hapten
Produksi Antibodi
Mutasi
Kanker
Kerusakan Sel
2/16/2010
Selamat Belajar
Semoga Sukses