Advanced Fuels and Vehicles

PHEVs and transportation network benefits: Texas A&M Workshop 8/08

Terry Penney, Advanced Vehicles Technology Manager

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

The Big Picture

Summary of Fuel Switching and Efficiency Pathways and Opportunities
Biomass
Conversion
Efficient conversion
and feedstock
development

Biomass

Gasification, Capture, &

Sequestration
Validation of sequestration
Integration with gasification processes

Carbon Fuels

Coal &
Unconventional
Hydrocarbons
Hydrogen
Hydrogen RD&D
Nuclear

Cost & energy density of on-board

storage & use
Distribution and carbon-free
production infrastructure

Electricity

Renewable

Energy Storage
High performance
materials and
systems

Systems Approach
Propulsion and auxiliary systems improvements
Optimization across supply, delivery, end use and intersections with other infrastructures

Vehicle Efficiency
Advanced
combustion,
lightweight materials,
reduced parasitic
losses

Advanced Vehicles and Fuels Options

Conventional
Vehicles

Hybrid Electric
Vehicles

Corn Ethanol, Cellulosic Ethanol

Biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
Natural Gas other Petrochemicals

Plug-in Hybrid
Vehicles

Electricity
from Grid
Distributed
Renewable
Electricity

Hydrogen
VehiclesICE
or Fuel Cell

Hydrogen
from Natural
Gas
Renewable
Hydrogen

Real-World PHEV In-Use Fuel

Consumption
227 vehicles from St. Louis each modeled as a conventional, hybrid and PHEV

35

400
Conventional
Hybrid
PHEV20
PHEV40

26 mpg
350

30
25

300

37 mpg

8647 total miles driven

100% replacement of
sample fleet

250

58 mpg &
140 Wh/mi

20
15

150

10

76 mpg &
211 Wh/mi

5
0
0

200

10

15

Time of Day (hr)

20

25

100
50
0
30

Average Daily Costs

Cumulative Fuel Consumed (gallons)

Percentage of Vehicle Fleet In Use (%)

40

Gas.

Elec.

/mi

CV

$3.15

---

8.3

HEV

$2.21

---

5.8

PHEV20

$1.41

$0.48

5.0

PHEV40

$1.08

$0.72

4.7

Assumes $2.15/gal and 9/kWh

PHEVs:
~40% reduction in
operating costs
~$460 annual
savings

PHEV Battery Design Optimization

Designing PHEV batteries to meet requirements, such as
DOE/USABC, at minimum cost.
Performance Model

Life Model

Source: VARTA

Source: INL, LBNL

Optimization

Cost Model

Lots of business opportunity at the intersections