Heat Flow in Welding

Heat Flow in Welding

Lesson Objectives
When you finish this lesson you will
understand:
Heat transfer through the welding arc &
factors affecting it
Heat flow in welded parts & conservatio of
energy
Thermal profiles around moving heat
sources & cooling rates & stresses around
welds

Learning Activities
1. Read Handbook pp
66-84
2. Look up Keywords
3. View Slides;
4. Read Notes,
5. Listen to lecture
6. Do on-line
workbook
7. Do homework

Keywords:
Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Arc Heat Flow, Thermal
Conductivity-Gas, Heat Flux, Fouriers Law, Conservation of
Energy, Moving Heat Source, Thermal Cycles

CONDUCTION - Transfer of Thermal Energy

between one part of a body and an Adjacent
part of the same body or between one body and
another which is in physical contact with it.

CONVECTION - Transfer of Thermal Energy

through mass movement.
RADIATION - Transfer of Thermal Energy by
the emission and absorption of Electromagnetic
Radiation.

Heat Flow in the Arc

Cathode
Thermal
Ionization

Electrons Emitted
Free
Electron
Ion

Plasma
T>10,000K

Recombination
Neutral
Gas Atom

Anode

Thermionic

Convection
Radiation

Radiation
Electrons Absorbed

Conduction in the Arc

Cathode
Thermal
Ionization

Electrons Emitted
Free
Electron

Argon

Ion
Plasma
T>10,000K
Anode

Helium

Helium
Recombination
Neutral
Gas Atom

Argon
Electrons Absorbed

Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):

The thermal conductivity of Argon and Helium increases
continuously with increasing temperature, but that of
nitrogen and hydrogen show a drop in conductivity where
the diatomic gas atom dissociates. What do you think would
happen if a significant amount of these gases were in the arc
plasma?

t<0

t=0

T (y,t)

Small t
(Initial Transie nt)

Large t
Ste ady State

t<0

t=0

T (y,t)

Small t
(Initial Transie nt)

Large t
Ste ady State

d
q y
dy
q y heat

q y
Thot

dy

Tcooler

q y dy
q y dy q y

q y
y

dy ......

cal
flux

2
cm sec

cal
thermal conductivi ty
cm sec o K
cal

q q y A heat flow
sec

Heat In - Internal Energy + Heat Generated = Heat Out

Heat In q y A
dT
Internal Energy C p
Ady
dt
.

Heat Generated Q gen

density
C p heat capacity

Arc

Finish

Start

Thermocouples

TEMP

Fast Travel Speed

Slow Travel Speed

12

45

Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):

This curve was generated when a fast moving arc passed

by the thermocouples. What curves would a slow moving

arc produce?

Do the Homework Assignment 5 Heat Flow

in Welding from the Assignment Page of the
WE300 Website