Section 6.

1 Integration by Parts

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

Integration by Parts
FORMULA FOR INTEGRATION BY PARTS:
Z
Z
udv = uv vdu
EXAMPLE 1: Find

ln xdx.

Solution: We have
Z

ln x = u

ln xdx = d(ln x) = du
1
dx = du
x

EXAMPLE 2: Find

dx = dv

Z
Z

1
x=v
= ln x x x dx = x ln x dx
x

= x ln x x + C

ln 7xdx.

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

EXAMPLE 2: Find

Solution: We have

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

ln 7xdx.

ln 7x = u

dx = dv

Z
Z

1
x=v
= ln 7x x x dx = x ln 7x dx
x

ln 7xdx = d(ln 7x) = du

1
dx = du
x

EXAMPLE 3: Find

= x ln 7x x + C

arcsin 2xdx.

Solution: We have
Z

arcsin 2x = u

dx = dv

d(arcsin 2x) = du
arcsin 2xdx =

dx = du
1 4x2

2
x=v
dx
= arcsin 2x x x

1 4x2

1 4x2 = u

d(1 4x2 ) = du
Z

41 du
2xdx

=
= x arcsin 2x
8xdx = du = x arcsin 2x
u
1 4x2

1
2xdx = du
4
Z
1 u1/2+1
1
u1/2 du = x arcsin 2x +
+C
= x arcsin 2x +
4
4 1/2 + 1
Z

= x arcsin 2x +

1 u1/2
1

+ C = x arcsin 2x + u1/2 + C
4 1/2
2

= x arcsin 2x +

1
1 4x2 + C
2

EXAMPLE 4: Find

arctan 3xdx.

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

EXAMPLE 4: Find

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

arctan 3xdx.

Solution: We have

arctan 3x = u

dx = dv

3
d(arctan 3x) = du x = v
arctan 3xdx =
dx
= arctan 3x x x
1 + 9x2

3
dx = du
1 + 9x2

1 + 9x2 = u

d(1 + 9x2 ) = du
Z 1
Z

du
3xdx
6
= x arctan 3x
= x arctan 3x
=

2
18xdx = du
1 + 9x
u

1
3xdx = du
6
Z
1
1
1
1
= x arctan 3x
du = x arctan 3x ln |u| + C = x arctan 3x ln(1 + 9x2 ) + C
6
u
6
6
Z

EXAMPLE 5: Find

x ln xdx.

Solution: We have

ln x = u

xdx = dv

Z 2

x2
x 1
x2

d(ln
x)
=
du
=
v

dx
= ln x
x ln xdx =

2
2
2 x

1
dx = du
x
Z
1 2
1
1
1 x2
1
1
= x ln x
xdx = x2 ln x
+ C = x2 ln x x2 + C
2
2
2
2 2
2
4
Z

EXAMPLE 6: Find

xex dx.

Solution 1: We have
#
"
Z
Z
x
e
dx
=
dv
x
=
u
x
x
= xe ex dx = xex ex + C
xe dx =
ex = v
dx = du
Solution 2 (???): We have

Z
xex dx =
EXAMPLE 7: Find

ex = u
ex dx = du

xdx = dv

2
= ex x
2
x
2
=v
2

x cos 4xdx.
3

x2 x
e dx =???
2

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

EXAMPLE 7: Find

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

x cos 4xdx.

Solution: We have

x = u cos 4xdx = dv
Z
Z
1
1

x cos 4xdx =
sin 4xdx
= x sin 4x
1
4
4
dx = du
sin 4x = v
4


Z
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
sin 4xdx = x sin 4x
cos 4x + C = x sin 4x +
cos 4x + C
= x sin 4x
4
4
4
4
4
4
16
EXAMPLE 8: Find

x2 sin 7xdx.

Solution: We have

x2 = u
Z

2
x2 sin 7xdx =
dx = du

2xdx = du

sin 7xdx = dv
 
Z  

1
1
1
2

cos 7x 2xdx
cos 7x = v = x 7 cos 7x
7
7

cos 7xdx = dv

x cos 7xdx =
1
sin 7x = v
dx = du
7
x=u

2
1
= x2 cos 7x +
7
7

2
1
= x2 cos 7x +
7
7



Z
1
1
x sin 7x
sin 7xdx
7
7

1
2
= x2 cos 7x +
7
7



Z
1
1
x sin 7x
sin 7xdx
7
7

1
2
= x2 cos 7x +
7
7




1
1
1
x sin 7x
cos 7x
+C
7
7
7

2
1
= x2 cos 7x +
7
7



1
1
x sin 7x +
cos 7x + C
7
49

1
2 1
2 1
= x2 cos 7x + x sin 7x +
cos 7x + C
7
7 7
7 49
1
2
2
= x2 cos 7x + x sin 7x +
cos 7x + C
7
49
343
EXAMPLE 9: Find

ex cos xdx.
4

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

EXAMPLE 9: Find

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

ex cos xdx.

Solution 1: We have
"
Z
ex cos xdx =
=

"

ex = u

ex = u

cos xdx = dv

sin x = v

e dx = du

sin xdx = dv

ex dx = du

= e sin x

sin xex dx



Z
x
x
= e sin x e ( cos x) ( cos x)e dx
x

cos x = v
Z
x
x
= e sin x + e cos x ex cos xdx

So,
2
therefore

ex cos xdx = ex sin x + ex cos x + C1

1
1
1
ex cos xdx = ex sin x + ex cos x + C = ex (sin x + cos x) + C
2
2
2

Solution 2: We have
"
Z
ex cos xdx =

cos x = u

ex dx = dv

= cos xe + ex sin xdx

sin xdx = du
ex = v
"
#


Z
ex dx = dv
sin x = u
x
x
x
=
= cos xe + sin xe e cos xdx
cos xdx = du
ex = v
Z
x
x
= cos xe + sin xe ex cos xdx

So,
2
therefore

ex cos xdx =

ex cos xdx = cos xex + sin xex + C1

1
1
1
cos xex + sin xex + C = ex (cos x + sin x) + C
2
2
2

Solution 3 (???): We have

#
"
Z
Z
x
cos
x
=
u
e
dx
=
dv
x
x
= cos xe + ex sin xdx
e cos xdx =
x
e =v
sin xdx = du
"
#

 Z
Z
ex = u
sin xdx = dv
x
x
x
=
= cos xe + e cos x + cos xe dx = cos xex dx
x
e dx = du cos x = v
EXAMPLE 10: Find

e3x sin 2xdx.

5

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

EXAMPLE 10: Find

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

e3x sin 2xdx.

Solution: We have

Z
e3x sin 2xdx =

sin 2xdx = dv

1
3e3x dx = du cos 2x = v
2
 Z 




1
1
cos 2x 3e3x dx
= e3x cos 2x
2
2

Z
cos 2xdx = dv
e3x = u
1
3

= e3x cos 2x
cos 2xe3x dx =
1
3x
2
2
3e dx = du
sin 2x = v
2


Z


3 3x 1
1
1 3x
3x
e
sin 2x
cos 2x
sin 2x 3e
dx
= e
2
2
2
2


Z
1 3x
3 3x 1
3
3x
= e
e
sin 2x +
sin 2xe dx
cos 2x
2
2
2
2
Z
3 3x
9
1 3x
sin 2xe3x dx
cos 2x e
sin 2x
= e
2
4
4
e3x = u

Therefore

13
4

1
3
e3x sin 2xdx = e3x cos 2x e3x sin 2x + C1
2
4


Z
4 13
4
1 3x
3 3x
3x
e
sin 2xdx =

e
cos 2x e
sin 2x + C1
13 4
13
2
4
Z
4 3 3x
4
4 1
e
sin 2x + C1
e3x sin 2xdx = e3x cos 2x
13 2
13 4
13
Z
3
2
e3x sin 2xdx = e3x cos 2x e3x sin 2x + C
13
13
Z

REMARK: We distinguish three cases:

Case A: If f (x) equals
xa ebx ,

xa sin bx or xa cos bx

then xa = u and the rest is dv.

Case B: If f (x) equals
xa ln bx,

xa arcsin bx,

xa arccos bx,

xa arctan bx or xa arccot bx

then xa dx = dv and the rest is u.

Case C: If f (x) = eax sin bx or eax cos bx, then u = eax or dv = eax dx.
6

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

FORMULA FOR INTEGRATION BY PARTS (DEFINITE INTEGRALS):

Z

f (x)g (x)dx =

f (x)g(x)|ba

g(x)f (x)dx

Z1/2
arccos xdx.
EXAMPLE 11: Find
0

Solution: We have

arccos x = u

Z1/2

d(arccos x) = du
arccos xdx =

1
0

dx = du
1 x2

dx = dv


Z1/2 

1
x=v
1/2
dx
= arccos x x|0 x

1 x2
0

1 x2 = u

d(1 x2 ) = du
Z3/4 1

2 du
xdx
1/2
= x arccos x|1/2 +

=
= x arccos x|0 +
0

u
1 x2 2xdx = du
1
0

1
xdx = du
2
3/4
Z3/4
1 u1/2+1 
1
1/2
1/2
1/2
u
du = x arccos x|0
= x arccos x|0
2
2 1/2 + 1 1
1
!
r




1
3
1
3/4
1/2
= x arccos x|0 u1/2 1 =
arccos 0 arccos 0
1
2
2
4


 
1
1
1
1
=
0
31 =
3+1
2 3
2
6
2
Z1/2

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

Appendix A
EXAMPLE 12: Find

x x + 1dx.

Solution 1: We have

Z
Z
Z
x
+
1
=
u

x x + 1dx = d(x + 1) = du = (u 1) udu = (u3/2 u1/2 )du

dx = du
=

u1/2+1
2
2
u3/2+1

+ C = (x + 1)5/2 (x + 1)3/2 + C
3/2 + 1 1/2 + 1
5
3

Solution 2: We have

"
#
Z
Z
x=u
x + 1dx = dv

2
2
3/2
(x + 1)3/2 dx
x x + 1dx =
= x (x + 1)
2
3/2
3
3
dx = du
(x + 1) = v
3
2
4
= x(x + 1)3/2 (x + 1)5/2 + C
3
15
Z
EXAMPLE 13: Find cos 3x cos 2xdx.

Solution 1: We have
Z
o
n
1
cos 3x cos 2xdx = cos A cos B = [cos(A + B) + cos(A B)]
2
Z
Z
Z
1
1
1
1
1
cos 5xdx +
cos xdx =
[cos(3x + 2x) + cos(3x 2x)]dx =
sin 5x + sin x + C
=
2
2
2
10
2
Solution 2: We have
Z

cos 3x = u

cos 3x cos 2xdx = d(cos 3x) = du

1
= cos 3x sin 2x
2

sin 3x = u

= d(sin 3x) = du

3 cos 3xdx = du

3 sin 3xdx = du

cos 2xdx = dv
1

sin 2x = v
2

1
3
1
sin 2x (3) sin 3xdx = cos 3x sin 2x +
2
2
2

sin 2xdx = dv
1

cos 2x = v
2

sin 2x sin 3xdx


 

Z  
1
1
3
1
sin 3x
cos 2x

cos 2x 3 cos 3xdx

= cos 3x sin 2x +
2
2
2
2
Z
3
9
1
cos 2x cos 3xdx
= cos 3x sin 2x sin 3x cos 2x +
2
4
4
therefore
Z
2
3
cos 3x cos 2xdx = cos 3x sin 2x + sin 3x cos 2x + C
5
5
8

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

Appendix B
EXAMPLE 14: Find

sin3 xdx.

Solution 1: We have
"
Z
Z
sin3 xdx = sin2 x sin xdx =

sin2 x = u

sin xdx = dv

2 sin x cos xdx = du

cos x = v

= sin x( cos x)
2

= sin x cos x + 2
2

= sin x cos x + 2
2

= sin x cos x + 2
2

= sin x cos x + 2

( cos x) 2 sin x cos xdx

sin x cos2 xdx
sin x(1 sin2 x)dx
(sin x sin3 x)dx
sin xdx 2

= sin x cos x 2 cos x 2

therefore
3
so

sin3 xdx

sin3 xdx

sin3 xdx = sin2 x cos x 2 cos x + C1

1
2
sin3 xdx = sin2 x cos x cos x + C
3
3

Solution 2: We have

sin3 xdx =

sin2 x sin xdx =

cos x = u

d cos x = du
(1 cos2 x) sin xdx =
sin xdx = du

1
1
(1 u2 )du = u + u3 + C = cos x + cos3 x + C
3
3

sin xdx = du

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

EXAMPLE 15: Find

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

sinn xdx.

Solution: We have
"
Z
Z
sinn xdx = sinn1 x sin xdx =

sinn1 x = u

sin xdx = dv

(n 1) sinn2 x cos xdx = du

cos x = v

= sin

therefore
n
so

n1

x( cos x)

= sin

n1

= sin

n1

= sin

n1

= sin

n1

sin xdx = sin

n1

( cos x) (n 1) sinn2 x cos xdx

x cos x + (n 1)
x cos x + (n 1)
x cos x + (n 1)
x cos x + (n 1)

x cos x + (n 1)

sinn2 x cos2 xdx

sinn2 x(1 sin2 x)dx
(sinn2 x sinn x)dx
sin

n2

xdx (n 1)

sinn xdx

sinn2 xdx

Z
n1
1
n1
sinn2 xdx
x cos x +
sin xdx = sin
n
n
In particular, if n = 4 we have
Z
Z
1 3
3
4
sin xdx = sin x cos x +
sin2 xdx
4
4


Z
1 3
1
3
1
= sin x cos x +
sin x cos x +
dx
4
4
2
2
Z

3
3
1
= sin3 x cos x sin x cos x + x + C
4
8
8

Alternatively,
Z

Z 

1 cos 2x
2

2

Z
1
sin xdx = (sin x) dx =
(1 cos 2x)2 dx
dx =
4

Z
Z 
1
1
1
2
=
(1 2 cos 2x + cos 2x)dx =
1 2 cos 2x + (1 + cos 4x) dx
4
4
2

Z 
3
1
3
1
1
1
2 cos 2x + cos 4x dx = x sin 2x +
sin 4x + C
=
4
2
2
8
4
32
4

10

Section 6.1 Integration by Parts

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

Similarly, if n = 5 we have
Z
Z
1 4
4
5
sin xdx = sin x cos x +
sin3 xdx
5
5

1 4
1
4
= sin x cos x +
sin2 x cos x +
5
5
3

1
4
1
sin2 x cos x
= sin4 x cos x +
5
5
3

2
3


sin xdx

2
cos +C1
3

1
4
8
= sin4 x cos x
sin2 x cos x
cos x + C
5
15
15

Alternatively,
Z
Z
Z
5
4
sin xdx = sin x sin xdx = (sin2 x)2 sin xdx

cos x = u

d cos x = du
(1 cos x) sin xdx =
sin xdx = du

sin xdx = du

= (1 u2)2 du

2
1
2
1
(1 2u2 + u4 )du = u + u3 u5 + C = cos x + cos3 x cos5 x + C
3
5
3
5

11