Chapter K3

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Table of Contents
Section 1 Elements
Section 2 Compounds
Section 3 Mixtures

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Chapter K3

Section 1 Elements

Elements, the Simplest Substances

An element is a pure substance that cannot be
separated into simpler substances by physical or
chemical means.

Water (H2O) is
comprised of 2
elements, hydrogen
and oxygen.

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Chapter K3

Section 1 Elements

Properties of Elements
Each element can be identified by its unique set of
properties. An element may share a property with
another element, but other properties can help you tell
the elements apart.
Identifying Elements by Their Properties
Elements can be identified by using their physical
properties and their chemical properties.

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Chapter K3

Section 1 Elements

Classifying Elements by Their Properties

Categories of Elements Three major categories are:
Metals are shiny, and they conduct heat energy and
electric current.
Nonmetals conduct heat and electricity poorly.
Metalloids have properties of both metals and
nonmetals.

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Chapter K3

Section 1 Elements

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Chapter K3

Section 2 Compounds

Compounds
The word compound refers to something that consists
of two or more parts.
Think
Compound word: Homework = Home + Work
Compound leaves:

Two Questions:
How might you make a compound using elements?
What are some compounds that you know?
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Chapter K3

Section 2 Compounds

Compounds:
How might you make a compound using elements?
Sodium Chloride (salt) is formed when the unstable metal
sodium reacts with chlorine gas. Interesting fact: salt is the
only family of rocks regularly eaten by humans.

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Chapter K3

Section 2 Compounds

Compounds:
How might you make a compound using elements?
We used two compounds:
--Vinegar
--Baking Soda
To make a new compound:
--Carbon Dioxide gas

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Chapter K3

Section 2 Compounds

Compounds: Made of Elements

A compound is composed of two or more elements
that are chemically combined. Elements combine by
reacting with one another.

A particle of a compound is a called a molecule.

Molecules of compounds are formed when atoms of
two or more elements join together.

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Chapter K3

Section 2 Compounds

Compounds: Made of Elements

The Ratio of Elements in a Compound Elements
join in a specific ratio according to their masses to form
a compound.
For example, every sample of water has a 1:8 mass
ratio of hydrogen and oxygen.

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Chapter K3

Section 2 Compounds

Properties of Compounds
Each compound can be identified by its physical and
chemical properties.
Properties: Compounds Versus Elements A
compound has properties that differ from those of the
elements that form it.

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Properties of Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances that are not chemically combined.
For Example: Pizza

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Properties of Mixtures

No Chemical Changes in a Mixture No chemical

changes happen when a mixture is made. So, each
substance has the same chemical makeup it had
before the mixture was formed.

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Again!!!
No Chemical Changes take place in a
Mixture!!!
So, each substance has the same chemical makeup it
had before the mixture was formed.

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Properties of Mixtures, continued

Separating Mixtures Through Physical Methods
Mixtures can be separated by using physical changes.
Physical changes do not change the identities of the
substances.
The next slide shows some common ways to
separate mixtures by using physical changes.

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Properties of Mixtures, continued

The Ratio of Components in a Mixture The
components of a mixture do not need to be mixed in a
definite ratiothis differs from a compound!
For example, granite is a mixture of three minerals.
Different ratios of the minerals give granite different
colors, but the mixture is always called granite.

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Solutions
A solution is a mixture that
appears to be a single substance.
The process in which particles of
substances separate and spread
evenly throughout a mixture is
known as dissolving.
In a solution, the solute is the
substance that is dissolved. The
solvent is the substance in which
the solute is dissolved.
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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Solutions, continued
Examples of Solutions Liquid solutions include soft
drinks, gasoline, and tap water. Solutions may also be
gases, such as air.
Solutions may also be solids, such as steel. Alloys
are solid solutions of metals or nonmetals dissolved in
metals.
Brass is an alloy of
copper and zinc. The
proportions of the
metals can vary.
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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions

Click below to watch the Visual Concept.

Visual Concept

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Solutions, continued
Particles in Solutions The particles in solutions are
so small that they never settle out. They also cannot
be removed by filtering.
The particles in solutions are so small that they dont
even scatter light.

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Concentrations of Solutions
A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a
solvent is concentration.
Concentrated or Dilute? Solutions can be described
as being concentrated or dilute. But these two terms do
not tell you the amount of solute that is dissolved.
The next slide shows how to calculate concentration.

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Concentrations of Solutions, continued

Solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve in a
solvent at a certain temperature.
The solubility of most solids in water increases with
temperature. The graph on the next slide shows this
relationship.

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Concentrations of Solutions, continued

Dissolving Gases in Liquids Gases become less
soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised.

Dissolving Solids Faster in Liquids Three ways to

make a solute dissolve faster are mixing the solution,
heating the solution, and crushing the solute into
smaller particles.
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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Suspensions
A suspension is a mixture in which particles of a
material are dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas but
are large enough that they settle out.

The particles in a suspension are

large enough to scatter or block light.
A suspension can be separated by
passing it through a filter.

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Chapter K3

Section 3 Mixtures

Colloids
A colloid is a mixture in which the particles are
dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to
settle out.
A colloid cannot be separated by passing it through a
filter.

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