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Types of communication
Types of writing systems
Concrete operations
Piagets
Developmental
Stages
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Formal
operations
Physical Development
Respond to aural stimuli
Respond to visual stimuli
Attention span
Large & small muscles
Puberty
Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor Now (vs. past/future)
Preoperational Patterns, repetition, predictability
Concrete operations Points of view
Formal operations Symbolism, vicariousness,
possible worlds, abstract ideas
Language Development
Cooing and babbling
Single words, simple sentences
Questions, negatives
Complex sentences
Syntax, vocabulary, structure
Moral Development
Piaget, Kohlberg, & Gilligan
Punishment / reward
Group standards
Circumstances & situations
Motivation vs. consequences
Concept of fairness
Personality or
Emotional/Social
Development
Maslows hierarchy of needs leading
to self-actualization
http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/conation/maslow.html
Which
develops first
reading or
writing?
Noam Chomsky
The essence of language is the set of underlying
abstract rules that generate sentences (Miller, 2002)
By Age Six:
Clearer speech - phonology
Articulation, fluency
By age Twelve:
Broader, richer and more precise vocabulary
from 5,000 to 20,000 words
Polishing of language use less common
sentence forms (i.e., passive voice, academic
language)
Longer, more complex sentences
Pragmatic system develops fully (different
codes for different social/cultural settings)
References
Gillet, J. W., & Temple, C. (2008). Understanding reading problems: Assessment
and instruction (7th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1978). Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of
language and meaning. Balitmore: University Park Press.
Huitt, W. (2007). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive.
Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved [date] from,
http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/regsys/maslow.html
Piaget, J. (1929). The childs conception of the world. (Trans. J. & A. Tomlinson).
New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
Miller, P. H. (2002). Theories of developmental psychology (4th ed.). NY: Worth
Publishers.
Tompkins, G. E. (2005). Language arts: Patterns of practice (6th ed.). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological
processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pre-Production:
Silent period
500 words
Yes/no
2-word response
Pictures
Charts
Graphs
Early Production
One-word responses to
6 months
Listening center
Pictures w/labels
Short sentences
Speech Emergence
Creating own
sentences
3,000 Words
Read short text
Choral reading
Dialogue journal
Vocabulary &
definitions
Intermediate Fluency
Fluency in social
settings
6,000 Words
Sentence structure
Synthesize information
Graphs
Comprehensible Input
Visuals, Gestures, Body
language
Speak slowly, enunciate,
pause
Simple syntax, shorter
sentences, fewer pronouns,
high frequency vocabulary
Slang, metaphors and
idioms
Non-verbal strategies
Check comprehension often
Repeat or rephrase
Vary question styles
Smile
Speak Carefully
Show
Say it again
Resources
http://www.nwp.org/cs/public/print/resource_top
ic/english_language_learners?gclid=CIixwN3a95c
CFQJvswod1HZYDg National Writing Project ESOL
resources
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/
Purdue ESOL lessons/handouts
http://www.educationoasis.com/curriculum/Lang
_Arts/resources/41_ESOL_strategoes.htm 41
ESOL strategies
National Dissemination Center for Children with
Disabilities. (2013). Supports, modifications, and
accomodations for students.
http://nichcy.org/schoolage/accommodations