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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
CONTENTS
Page
Legal notices and disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
1
III
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
IV
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
FOREWORD
This publication has been prepared by the EI Aviation Committee. It is intended to provide guidance
on performance requirements for protective coating systems that may be used in aviation fuel storage
tanks and piping.
Users of this publication shall be aware that due consideration shall be given to the effect of any
unusual or abnormal circumstance, on which it is not possible to generalise within the scope of this
publication. Specialist advice shall be sought in these cases.
In addition, in some areas local or national statutory regulations also apply (e.g. German Institute
of Building Technology requirement for tank coatings which result in a grey colour). This publication
is intended to be complementary to these established controls and practices.
The EI is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers to warn and equip their employees,
and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their
obligations under local and regional laws and regulations.
Nothing contained in any EI publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication
or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by
letters patent. Neither shall anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone
against liability for infringement of letters patent.
This publication is intended to assist those involved in the storage of aviation fuel. Every effort
has been made by the EI to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained herein; however,
the EI makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and
hereby expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for
the violation of any local or regional laws or regulations with which this publication may conflict.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Technical Department, Energy
Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR (e: technical@energyinst.org).
V
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The preparation of this publication was undertaken by Mr. J. Thurston, Air BP, with input from
technical representatives of the following companies:
Air BP Limited
Air TOTAL International
AFS Aviation Fuel Services GmbH
Chevron
ConocoPhillips
ExxonMobil Aviation International Ltd.
ExxonMobil Fuels Marketing Company
ExxonMobil Research & Engineering
International Paint Ltd
Kuwait Petroleum International Aviation Company Ltd.
Marathon Petroleum Company LLC
Shell Aviation Ltd.
Shell Global Solutions
Shell Oil Products
VI
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
INTRODUCTION
The use of protective coating systems for the coating of interior metal1 surfaces of
aviation fuel (jet fuel and aviation gasoline) storage tanks and piping is an important
tool in the prevention of corrosion on these metal surfaces, to ensure the integrity of
containment as well as protecting aviation fuel from contamination by rust during storage
and distribution. There are many issues to consider when planning to use a protective
coating system such as:
correct application.
1.2
SCOPE
This publication is intended to apply to:
1.3
RETROACTIVITY
The provisions of this standard are intended for application to new storage tanks and
piping or existing storage tanks that are undergoing coating replacement.
1It
should be noted that the use of stainless steel or aluminium may preclude the need for the use of a protective
coating.
1
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
2.2
2.2.1
Procedure
2.2.1.1
Properly prepare and apply the coating material under test to six steel Test Pieces, each
measuring 115 mm ( 5 mm) x 25 mm ( 5 mm) x 3 mm ( 1 mm) in accordance with
the coating manufacturers instructions.
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.3
Obtain test fluids as described in Table 1. Test fluids shall be stored in sealed approximately
5 litre epoxy coated metal (as described in ASTM D 4306) or uncoated stainless steel
containers.
2.2.1.4
2.2.1.5
Measure the Existent Gum (mg/100 ml) by IP 540/ASTM D 381 of Test Fluid B.
2
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
2.2.1.6
2.2.1.7
Measure the JFTOT breakpoint (highest temperature divisible by 5C with a visual tube
rating <3 and pressure drop less than 25 mm of Hg) of Test Fluid B. Note that a jet fuel
having stable JFTOT performance must be used for this testing or the coating will appear
to fail in 2.2.2.5. It is not permitted to compensate the results in 2.2.2.5 for unstable jet
fuel.
2.2.1.8
Prepare at room temperature, five wide mouth Borosilicate Glass (as described in ASTM
D 4306) jars or stainless steel containers. Fill two with Test Fluid A, two with Test Fluid B
and one with Test Fluid C. Details of the Test Fluids and the required volume of each, are
given in Table 1.
Table 1 Test fluids
Test Fluid
Description
Volume
100 ml
1L
C*
100 ml
*The testing of a coating in Test Fluid C is not required if the coating has been
qualified to DEF STAN 80-97.
2.2.1.9
Completely immerse one Test Piece in each of the five containers of test fluid. Seal each
container.
2.2.1.10 Store the five containers at room temperature in a location where they will not be
disturbed for a period of 30 days.
2.2.1.11 Test Fluid A: measure Existent Gum, by IP 540/ASTM D 381 of the fluid in each
container.
2.2.1.12 Test Fluid B:
2.2.1.12.1 Measure Existent Gum (mg/100 ml) by IP 540/ASTM D 381 of the fluid for each of the
two containers.
2.2.1.12.2 Measure corrosiveness to copper by IP 154/ASTM D 130 (Corrosion Copper Strip - 2 h @
100 C) of the fluid in each of the two containers.
2.2.1.12.3 Measure for electrical conductivity by IP 274/ASTM D 2624 of the fluid in each of the two
containers.
2.2.1.12.4 Measure the oxidative thermal stability by IP 323/ASTM D 3241 of the test fluid in each
of the two containers at the test temperature of 5 C less than the breakpoint measured
in 2.2.1.7.
3
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
2.2.1.13 Test Fluid C: remove, rinse with petroleum, dry and visually inspect the test piece.
2.2.2
Results
2.2.2.1
The results obtained from the two Test Fluid B containers from step 2.2.1.12.3 shall be
compared with the result obtained in step 2.2.1.6. These results shall be considered
acceptable if both results are within the repeatability of the test method as compared
with the result obtained in 2.2.1.6.
2.2.2.2
The results obtained from the two Test Fluid A containers from step 2.2.1.11 shall be
compared with the result obtained in step 2.2.1.4. These results shall be considered
acceptable if both results are within the repeatability of the test method as compared to
the result obtained in 2.2.1.4.
2.2.2.3
The results obtained from the two Test Fluid B containers in step 2.2.1.12.1 shall be
compared with the result obtained in step 2.2.1.5. These results shall be considered
acceptable if both results are within the repeatability of the test method as compared to
the result obtained in 2.2.1.5.
2.2.2.4
The results obtained from the two Test Fluid B containers in step 2.2.1.12.2 shall be
considered acceptable if both results are within the limits prescribed in the relevant jet
fuel specification (either ASTM D 1655 or DEF STAN 91-91).
2.2.2.5
The results obtained from the two Test Fluid B containers in step 2.2.1.12.4 shall be
considered acceptable if both tests give VTR <3 and pressure drop less than 25 mm.
2.2.2.6
The results obtained from the inspection of the Test Piece from the one Test Fluid C
container from step 2.2.1.13 shall be considered acceptable if the Test Piece appears
essentially identical to the control sample in step 2.2.1.2.
4
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
Coatings used in aviation fuel service shall have a white or light colour to assist in routine
inspection of the storage tank and shall have a smooth surface to promote drainage.
3.2
Coatings used to line the interior of piping used in aviation fuel service shall pass a lining
burn back test as prescribed in 3.2.1 to 3.2.2.
3.2.1
3.2.2
After welding in accordance with 3.2.1 the piece shall be visually inspected. To be
considered an acceptable result there shall be no visual sign of the coating having burned
off, peeled or removed in any other way for a distance greater than 20 mm from the
extremities of the weld. There should be minimal loss of adhesion in the adjoining coating
and coating discoloration should not be widespread. Any discoloration of the coating
should be reported.
5
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
The purchaser of the coating should advise the coating manufacturer of the aviation
fuels including any fuel additives that will come in contact with the coating. The coating
manufacturer shall then confirm in writing that the coating supplied is fit-for-service and
that it meets the requirements set out in sections 2 and 3 of this standard. The purchaser
of the coating material shall adhere to the coating manufacturers recommendations for
surface preparation, application, and thickness, number of applications and inspection
of the coating.
6
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
ANNEX A
BIBLIOGRAPHY
API RP 652 Lining of above ground petroleum storage tank bottoms
ASTM D 130 Standard test method for corrosiveness to copper from petroleum products
by copper strip test
ASTM D 1141 Standard practice for the preparation of substitute ocean water
ASTM D 1655 Standard specification for aviation turbine fuels
ASTM D 2624 Standard test method for electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate
fuels
ASTM D 3241 Standard test method for thermal oxidation stability of aviation turbine
fuels (JFTOT procedure)
ASTM D 4306 Standard practice for aviation fuel sample containers for tests affected by
trace contamination
IP 154 Petroleum products Corrosiveness to copper Copper strip test (ISO
2160:1998)
IP 274 Determination of electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels
IP 323 Determination of thermal oxidation stability of gas turbine fuels JFTOT method
IP 540 Determination of the existent gum content of aviation turbine fuel Jet evaporation
method
UK Ministry of Defence Works Functional Standard Spec. 032 Internal coating of aviation
fuel storage tanks
UK Ministry of Defence Standard 80-97 Paint, system, for the interior of bulk fuel tank
and fittings, two packs
UK Ministry of Defence Standard 91-91 Turbine fuel, aviation kerosene type, Jet A-1
NATO Code: F35, Joint service designation: AVTUR
USA Department of Defense MIL-PRF-4556 Performance specification - Coating kit,
epoxy, for interior of steel fuel tanks
USA Department of Defense MIL-PRF-23236 Performance specification - Paint coating
systems, fuel and salt water ballast tanks
7
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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING
ANNEX B
ABBREVIATIONS/UNITS
The following abbreviations are used in this publication:
C
degrees Celsius
DEF STAN Defence Standard
h
hour
L
litre
mg
milligram
ml
millilitre
mm
millimetre
MOD
UK Ministry of Defence
pS/m
picosiemens per metre
RP
recommended practice
v/v
volume per volume basis
8
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General
Title
Ed.
ISBN
EI 1540
4th
EI 1541
1st
EI 1542
EI 1585
2nd
EI 1594
Initial pressure strength testing of airport fuel hydrant systems with water 2nd
EI 1597
1st
EI HM 20
1st
6th
EI 1584
3th
EI 1598
1st
EI Research report
1st
Filtration equipment
EI 1550
1st
EI 1581
5th
EI 1582
Specification for similarity for EI 1581 aviation jet fuel filter/separators 1st
EI 1583
5th
EI 1590
2nd
EI 1596
1st
EI 1599
1st
EI Research report
1st
EI Research report
1st
EI Research report
1st
A154301
API 1595
Design, construction, operation, maintenance, and inspection of avia- 1st
A159501
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tion pre-airfield
storage
terminals
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