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Chapter 02: Gravitation

02

Gravitation

Hints to Problems for Practice


1.

F=

GM E MS
R2
22

3.5 10 =

2.

6.

(1.510 )

11 2
1/3

7.

30

MS = 1.96 10 kg

F=

ii.

6.67 1011 M s 6 1024

GMm
=
R2

6.67 1011 M
(3.85 105 ) 2

T 2 GM
h=
2
4

1
M
81

1/3

(6.4 106)

= 1.999 10 N

= 8050 km
7

(R + h) = 4.23 10 m,
2

gh
R
=
= 0.2243 m s2
2
g (R + h)
2(R + h) 2 3.142 4.23 107
=
T
24 60 60
3
1
= 3.076 10 m s

vc =

4.

gh R
=

g R+h

i.

h=

vc =

9.

T 2 gR 2
R+h= M 2
4

1/3

(27.5 24 3600) 2 9.8 (6.4 106 ) 2 3


=

4 2

= 3.8575 105 km

2 1

g 'h R
=

g R + h'

ii.

10.

vc =

gR 2 / (R + h) = 7545.66 m s

11.

i.

vc =

=
T=

gR 2
(R + h)

2 3.142 (6.4 + 0.9)106


7415.35
= 6185.45 s
= 1 hr 43.2 min

ii.

gR 2
9.8(6.38 106 ) 2
=
(R + h)
(6.38 + 0.25)106

T=

6
2(R + h) 2 (6.38 + 0.25)10
=
vc
7756.7

= 5371 s
1 hr. and 29.4 min.

9.8 (6.4 106 ) 2


= 7.4154 km s1
(6.4 + 0.9)106
2(R + h)
vc

= 7756.7 m s1
7.76 km s1

h = 711 km
vc =

gR 2
= 2.38 103 m s1
(R + h)

8.

h = 2649 km

5.

(0.2 24 3600)2 6.67 1011 5.98 1024


=

4 (3.142)2

26

3.

gR 2
= 7519.07 m s1
R+h
2(R + h)
T=
= 1 hr 39 min
vc

vc =

i.

12.

T=

2(R + h)
vc

2 3.142 (6.4 + 1)106


7364
= 6313.90 s
6314 s

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.


3
4R
T12
R1
=
=

R
T2

R

T1 = 0.650 yr.

Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals


3

13.

14.

15.

B.E.

iii.

(B.E.) A M A R B 2 5
=

=
(B.E.) B M B R A 1 3

= 10 : 3

TE rE 1.5 1011

= =
11
TM rM 2.5 10
TM = 2.15 yrs.

18.

h 2 h1
gRm
=
12
(R + h1 )(R + h 2 )

E = gR 2 m
=

T R 3/2

9.8 6.37 106 2 103


12

= 1.0404 1010 J

T (R + h)3/ 2
T R
=

T' R + h

3/ 2

6.4 106
=
6
(6.4 + 0.6) 10

3/ 2

19.

GMm
GMm
(K.E)h 2 =
=
2(R + h 2 ) 10R

GMm 1 1

R 10 6

6.67 1011 6 1024 400


15 6.4 106
K.E. = 1.6675 109 J
P.E. = 2(K.E.) = 2(1.6675 109)
P.E. = 3.335 109 J

17.

i.

vc
v cA

21.

B.E. =

GMm
2(R + h)

B.E. =

6.67 1011 6 1024 103


2(6.4 + 4)106

22.
5
3

B.E. =
=

= 0.4648

GMm
2(R + h)
6.67 1011 6 1024 50
2(6.4 0.6)106

B.E. = 1.4293 109 J


(K.E.) = (B.E) = 1.4293 109 J
(P.E.) = 2(K.E.) = 2.8586 109 J
(T.E.) = (K.E.) = 1.4293 109 J

23.

ve = 2g M R M =

R
vc

TA R A v cB 3
3 3 3
=

=
=
TB R B vcA 5
5 5 5
2

= 1.92 1010 J

R
RB
=
=
RA

v cB
ii.

gRm 9.8 6.4 106 500


=
2
2
10
= 1.568 10 J
P.E. = 2(K.E.) = 3.136 1010 J
B.E. = K.E. = 1.568 1010 J
T.E. = (K.E.) = 1.568 1010 J

K.E. =

GMm
15R

6.67 1011 6 1024 102


2(6.4 + 1.6)106

20.

K.E. = (K.E)h 2 (K.E) h1


=

GMm
2(R + h)

= 2.5013 109 J
B.E. = K.E. = 2.5013 109 J
T.E. = K.E. = 2.5013 109 J
P.E. = (2K.E.) = 5.0026 109 J

GMm
GMm
=
2(R + h1 )
6R

(K.E) h1 =

K.E. =
=

= 0.8742
1.4
T =
= 1.60 hrs.
0.8742
16.

M
R

2 1.63 1.7 106

= 2.354 103 m s1 = 2.354 km s1

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24.

Chapter 02: Gravitation

Me
rx
=
x
Mm

ve M
ve'
M'
=
= 2
ve
M

i.

ve = 11.2

2 = 15.8392 km s1

4.

The force on mass m at P due to solid sphere is


GM m GM m
F1 =
=
(i)
(3R) 2
9R 2
Mass of cavity created,
M
4
M
M =
(R / 2)3 =
4 3 3
8
R
3
The force on mass m due to mass of cavity is
G(M / 8) m
GM m
=
F =
2
(3R R / 2)
50R 2
The force on mass m due to remaining part of
sphere
41 GM m
.(ii)
F2 = F1 F =
450 R 2
From (i) and (ii)
F2 : F1 = 41 : 50

5.

Mass of element of rod of length dx at


distance x from point mass M = (M/L) dx
Force experienced by point mass due to this
element is
GM (M / L)dx GM 2 dx
=
dF =
L x2
x2
Total force experienced by point mass due to
whole rod is
2L
GM 2 dx GM 2
F=
=
L x2
2L2
L

ve

ii.

Solving, x 3.8 107 m

ve'
R
1
=
=
ve
R'
2
11.2
= 7.9196 km s1
ve =
2
M
R

25.

ve

ve
=
(ve ) M

M Rm
9

=
R Mm
2

Hints to Multiple Choice Questions

1.

2.

mv2 Gmm
Gm
=
v=
2
r
(2r)
4r
The two particles will move on a circular path
if they always remain oppositely directed and
force of gravitation will act radially.
Let resultant force on sphere C be F.
A

2R

2R

F1
B

60

2R

F2

3 Gm 2
F = F + F2 + 2F1F2 cos 60 =
4 R2
Gm 2
along CA
Where, F1 =
4R 2
Gm 2
F2 =
along CB
4R 2
2
1

3.

Let x be the distance between rocket and


moon, when the net gravitational force on
rocket is zero, i.e., gravitational force on
rocket due to earth = gravitational force on
rocket due to moon.
GM e m GM m m
=
Then,
x2
(r x) 2
3

6.

4 3
R
GMM
3

F=
=
G

2
2
(2R)
(2R)
=G

7.

4 2 4
R
9

GM
R2
GM
W = mg = m
2
( R )

W = mg = m

M/7
R2
M R 2

2
M
M ( R )2
( R / 2)
4
7
= 0.4 kg wt

W = 0.7

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.


8.

Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

Re
Me g m
80
=

=
= 3.65
Rm
Mm ge
6

17.

Orbital velocity is given by


12

GM GM
=
where G and M
r
r

vc = v0 =

GM
G(2M)
, g =
2
R
(3R) 2

9.

g=

g =

2
g
9
g = 2.18 m/s2

are constant.
If radius r changes then, percentage change in
orbital velocity is given by
v 0
1 r
100 = 100
(1)
v0
2 r

R2
R2
64
gh
=
i.e.,
=
100 (R + h)2
(R + h)2
g
Solving, h = 1600 km.

Given, radius decreases by 1 %


1
v 0
100 = (1) = 0.5 %

2
v0

10.

11.

At h = R
gh
R2
R2
1
=
=
=
2
2
g (R + h)
( 2R ) 4
gh =

12.

13.

10
= 2.5 m/s2
4

GM G 4R 3 4
g= 2 =
= GR
R
3R 2
3
g1 1R1
=
g 2 2 R 2

1 2
at
As se = sm = h
2
t2 g
t 2
1 2 1
g e t e = g m t 2m 2e = m i.e. m2 = 6
2
2
t m ge
te

19.

T = 2

20.

T = 2

tm =

6t e =

6t

gE = g R2

T = 2

21.

3
For given condition, gE = g
4
3
1
g
R2 = g g i.e. 2 =
4
4R
10
=
4 6400 103

g
mg he = m hmoon.
6
hmoon = 1.2 6 = 1.7 m

16.

vc =

R3
R3
= 2
GM
GV
(4R)3
=T
4
3
G (4R)
3

( 2R )
GM

8R 3
gR 2

24 60 60
T
= 38.18

No. of revolutions per day =

T r

T r
2 = 2
T1 r1

4
=
1

T2 = 8T1 = 8 years = 8 365 day


= 2920 day
23.

3
r
GM
GM vc1
9R
=
= 2 =
;
=
vc
r1
R+h
r
16R
4
2

3
R3
=
4 3 G
G R
3

h=R
T = 2

22.

1
rad/s
=
1600
15.

Critical velocity of satellite revloving close to


earth
v
gR
vc = gR , = c 2 = 2
R
R
3
= 1.24 10 rad/s

s = ut +

tm2 = 6t e2
14.

18.

T2 d3

1
d3
2
n

n2 d3 = constant
n12 d13 = n 22 d 32

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.


24.

T2 r3
2

Chapter 02: Gravitation

T1 r1 1
= =
T2 r2 4
1
T1
=
8
T2
3/ 2

25.

T1 1
=
T2 3

T2 =

26.

vc =

27.

(P.E.)final =

GMm
R
M
G m
2 = GMm
(P.E.)planet =
R
R
2
Ratio is 1 : 1

31.

P.E. =

30.

GM
2R
1
GMm mgR
=
K.E. = mv c2 =
2
4R
4

GMm
,
R + nR
GMm
(P.E.)initial =
R
(P.E.) = (P.E.)final (P.E.)initial

32.

GMm
1
1

R (1 + n)

GMm
,
R
GMm GMm
=
(P.E.)final =
2R
(R + h)

(P.E.)initial =

(h = R)
(P.E.) = (P.E.)final (P.E.)initial
GMm GMm GMm 1
=

= mgR
=
2R
2R
2
R
GM

g = 2
R

GMm gR 2 m
=
R+h
R+h
2
gR m 1
= mgR
In magnitude,
R+h 2
R + h = 2R
h=R

P.E. =

GMm
(P.E.) = U1 =

r1
U r
GM = 1 1
m
GM
Weight W1 = mg1 = m 2
r1
GM
and W2 = mg2 = m 2
r2
U r 1 U r
= m 1 1 2 = 12 1
r2
m r2
9
7
4 10 10
W2 =
N = 0.04 N
109 109

n
= gmR

n + 1

29.

GMm GMm 1 GMm

=
R 6 R
R
R+
5
GM mR gmR
= 2
=
R 6
6
GM

g = R 2

gm5h 5
= (mgh)
=
6
6

24
= 72 3 hrs
0.192

28.

(P.E.)earth =

33.

Total energy of satellite in circular orbit of


radius 2R
E1 = P.E. + K.E.
GM m 1 GM
=
+ m

2R
2 2R

GM m
4R
Total energy of satellite in circular orbit of
radius 4 R
=

E2 =

GM m 1 GM
GM m
+ m
=
4R
2 2R
8R

Energy spent = E2 E1 =
=

mgR
8

400 9.8 6.4 106


= 3.14 J
8

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.


34.

Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

1
mve2 , ve =
2
1
(K.E.)2 = mvc2 , vc =
2

(K.E.)1 =

2GM
R

40.

GM
R

( K.E.)1 2
=
( K.E.)2 1

35.

36.

2
1
1
E = mve2 = m 2gR = mgR
2
2
= 500 9.8 6.4 106
3.1 1010 J

GMm 1 2
= mv0
2 Re
2

37.

Oribital velocity of satellite,


GM
v0 =
r
1
1 GMm
mv 02 =
2
2 r

Kinetic energy for escaping body,


1
1 2GM GM m
=
= 2E
mv e2 = m
2
2
r
r

Additional energy needed


= E E = 2 E E = E

2gR and ve = 2 ( g / 6 ) ( R / 4 )

ve =

ve =
39.

2gR
24

ve
24

R2 = 2R1, 1 = 2
M1
M2
=
4 / 3R13 4 / 3R 32
v e2
v e1

11
km / s
24

M1 R13
=
M 2 R 32

M 2 R1
R 32 R 1 R 2

=
M1 R 2
R13 R 2 R1

ve2 = 11.2 2 = 22.4 km/s


6

g1 R1

= rk
g2 R 2

M2 = 3M1 and R2 = 3R1


2GM
ve =
R
ve 1
M1 R 2
M1 3R1
=

=1
ve 2
M 2 R1
3M1 R1
2GM
R
v
Given e2 = 10 ve1

ve =

R1
R2

R2 = 64 km

Kinetic energy, E =

38.

v'e = 2 9 g 4R

ve1

v0
1
=
.
ve
2

E =

v e2

v e2

2GM
ve =
Re

42.

43.

GM
Re

v0 =

ve1

2gR

= 6 2gR = 6 11.2 = 67.2 km/s

Given h = Re
(P.E.)top = (K.E.)bottom

41.

R1
g
= k ; 1 = r ; ve =
R2
g2

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