02
Gravitation
F=
GM E MS
R2
22
3.5 10 =
2.
6.
(1.510 )
11 2
1/3
7.
30
MS = 1.96 10 kg
F=
ii.
GMm
=
R2
6.67 1011 M
(3.85 105 ) 2
T 2 GM
h=
2
4
1
M
81
1/3
(6.4 106)
= 1.999 10 N
= 8050 km
7
(R + h) = 4.23 10 m,
2
gh
R
=
= 0.2243 m s2
2
g (R + h)
2(R + h) 2 3.142 4.23 107
=
T
24 60 60
3
1
= 3.076 10 m s
vc =
4.
gh R
=
g R+h
i.
h=
vc =
9.
T 2 gR 2
R+h= M 2
4
1/3
4 2
= 3.8575 105 km
2 1
g 'h R
=
g R + h'
ii.
10.
vc =
gR 2 / (R + h) = 7545.66 m s
11.
i.
vc =
=
T=
gR 2
(R + h)
ii.
gR 2
9.8(6.38 106 ) 2
=
(R + h)
(6.38 + 0.25)106
T=
6
2(R + h) 2 (6.38 + 0.25)10
=
vc
7756.7
= 5371 s
1 hr. and 29.4 min.
= 7756.7 m s1
7.76 km s1
h = 711 km
vc =
gR 2
= 2.38 103 m s1
(R + h)
8.
h = 2649 km
5.
4 (3.142)2
26
3.
gR 2
= 7519.07 m s1
R+h
2(R + h)
T=
= 1 hr 39 min
vc
vc =
i.
12.
T=
2(R + h)
vc
R
T2
R
T1 = 0.650 yr.
13.
14.
15.
B.E.
iii.
(B.E.) A M A R B 2 5
=
=
(B.E.) B M B R A 1 3
= 10 : 3
TE rE 1.5 1011
= =
11
TM rM 2.5 10
TM = 2.15 yrs.
18.
h 2 h1
gRm
=
12
(R + h1 )(R + h 2 )
E = gR 2 m
=
T R 3/2
= 1.0404 1010 J
T (R + h)3/ 2
T R
=
T' R + h
3/ 2
6.4 106
=
6
(6.4 + 0.6) 10
3/ 2
19.
GMm
GMm
(K.E)h 2 =
=
2(R + h 2 ) 10R
GMm 1 1
R 10 6
17.
i.
vc
v cA
21.
B.E. =
GMm
2(R + h)
B.E. =
22.
5
3
B.E. =
=
= 0.4648
GMm
2(R + h)
6.67 1011 6 1024 50
2(6.4 0.6)106
23.
ve = 2g M R M =
R
vc
TA R A v cB 3
3 3 3
=
=
=
TB R B vcA 5
5 5 5
2
= 1.92 1010 J
R
RB
=
=
RA
v cB
ii.
K.E. =
GMm
15R
20.
GMm
2(R + h)
= 2.5013 109 J
B.E. = K.E. = 2.5013 109 J
T.E. = K.E. = 2.5013 109 J
P.E. = (2K.E.) = 5.0026 109 J
GMm
GMm
=
2(R + h1 )
6R
(K.E) h1 =
K.E. =
=
= 0.8742
1.4
T =
= 1.60 hrs.
0.8742
16.
M
R
Me
rx
=
x
Mm
ve M
ve'
M'
=
= 2
ve
M
i.
ve = 11.2
2 = 15.8392 km s1
4.
5.
ve
ii.
ve'
R
1
=
=
ve
R'
2
11.2
= 7.9196 km s1
ve =
2
M
R
25.
ve
ve
=
(ve ) M
M Rm
9
=
R Mm
2
1.
2.
mv2 Gmm
Gm
=
v=
2
r
(2r)
4r
The two particles will move on a circular path
if they always remain oppositely directed and
force of gravitation will act radially.
Let resultant force on sphere C be F.
A
2R
2R
F1
B
60
2R
F2
3 Gm 2
F = F + F2 + 2F1F2 cos 60 =
4 R2
Gm 2
along CA
Where, F1 =
4R 2
Gm 2
F2 =
along CB
4R 2
2
1
3.
6.
4 3
R
GMM
3
F=
=
G
2
2
(2R)
(2R)
=G
7.
4 2 4
R
9
GM
R2
GM
W = mg = m
2
( R )
W = mg = m
M/7
R2
M R 2
2
M
M ( R )2
( R / 2)
4
7
= 0.4 kg wt
W = 0.7
Re
Me g m
80
=
=
= 3.65
Rm
Mm ge
6
17.
GM GM
=
where G and M
r
r
vc = v0 =
GM
G(2M)
, g =
2
R
(3R) 2
9.
g=
g =
2
g
9
g = 2.18 m/s2
are constant.
If radius r changes then, percentage change in
orbital velocity is given by
v 0
1 r
100 = 100
(1)
v0
2 r
R2
R2
64
gh
=
i.e.,
=
100 (R + h)2
(R + h)2
g
Solving, h = 1600 km.
2
v0
10.
11.
At h = R
gh
R2
R2
1
=
=
=
2
2
g (R + h)
( 2R ) 4
gh =
12.
13.
10
= 2.5 m/s2
4
GM G 4R 3 4
g= 2 =
= GR
R
3R 2
3
g1 1R1
=
g 2 2 R 2
1 2
at
As se = sm = h
2
t2 g
t 2
1 2 1
g e t e = g m t 2m 2e = m i.e. m2 = 6
2
2
t m ge
te
19.
T = 2
20.
T = 2
tm =
6t e =
6t
gE = g R2
T = 2
21.
3
For given condition, gE = g
4
3
1
g
R2 = g g i.e. 2 =
4
4R
10
=
4 6400 103
g
mg he = m hmoon.
6
hmoon = 1.2 6 = 1.7 m
16.
vc =
R3
R3
= 2
GM
GV
(4R)3
=T
4
3
G (4R)
3
( 2R )
GM
8R 3
gR 2
24 60 60
T
= 38.18
T r
T r
2 = 2
T1 r1
4
=
1
3
r
GM
GM vc1
9R
=
= 2 =
;
=
vc
r1
R+h
r
16R
4
2
3
R3
=
4 3 G
G R
3
h=R
T = 2
22.
1
rad/s
=
1600
15.
s = ut +
tm2 = 6t e2
14.
18.
T2 d3
1
d3
2
n
n2 d3 = constant
n12 d13 = n 22 d 32
T2 r3
2
T1 r1 1
= =
T2 r2 4
1
T1
=
8
T2
3/ 2
25.
T1 1
=
T2 3
T2 =
26.
vc =
27.
(P.E.)final =
GMm
R
M
G m
2 = GMm
(P.E.)planet =
R
R
2
Ratio is 1 : 1
31.
P.E. =
30.
GM
2R
1
GMm mgR
=
K.E. = mv c2 =
2
4R
4
GMm
,
R + nR
GMm
(P.E.)initial =
R
(P.E.) = (P.E.)final (P.E.)initial
32.
GMm
1
1
R (1 + n)
GMm
,
R
GMm GMm
=
(P.E.)final =
2R
(R + h)
(P.E.)initial =
(h = R)
(P.E.) = (P.E.)final (P.E.)initial
GMm GMm GMm 1
=
= mgR
=
2R
2R
2
R
GM
g = 2
R
GMm gR 2 m
=
R+h
R+h
2
gR m 1
= mgR
In magnitude,
R+h 2
R + h = 2R
h=R
P.E. =
GMm
(P.E.) = U1 =
r1
U r
GM = 1 1
m
GM
Weight W1 = mg1 = m 2
r1
GM
and W2 = mg2 = m 2
r2
U r 1 U r
= m 1 1 2 = 12 1
r2
m r2
9
7
4 10 10
W2 =
N = 0.04 N
109 109
n
= gmR
n + 1
29.
=
R 6 R
R
R+
5
GM mR gmR
= 2
=
R 6
6
GM
g = R 2
gm5h 5
= (mgh)
=
6
6
24
= 72 3 hrs
0.192
28.
(P.E.)earth =
33.
2R
2 2R
GM m
4R
Total energy of satellite in circular orbit of
radius 4 R
=
E2 =
GM m 1 GM
GM m
+ m
=
4R
2 2R
8R
Energy spent = E2 E1 =
=
mgR
8
1
mve2 , ve =
2
1
(K.E.)2 = mvc2 , vc =
2
(K.E.)1 =
2GM
R
40.
GM
R
( K.E.)1 2
=
( K.E.)2 1
35.
36.
2
1
1
E = mve2 = m 2gR = mgR
2
2
= 500 9.8 6.4 106
3.1 1010 J
GMm 1 2
= mv0
2 Re
2
37.
2gR and ve = 2 ( g / 6 ) ( R / 4 )
ve =
ve =
39.
2gR
24
ve
24
R2 = 2R1, 1 = 2
M1
M2
=
4 / 3R13 4 / 3R 32
v e2
v e1
11
km / s
24
M1 R13
=
M 2 R 32
M 2 R1
R 32 R 1 R 2
=
M1 R 2
R13 R 2 R1
g1 R1
= rk
g2 R 2
=1
ve 2
M 2 R1
3M1 R1
2GM
R
v
Given e2 = 10 ve1
ve =
R1
R2
R2 = 64 km
Kinetic energy, E =
38.
v'e = 2 9 g 4R
ve1
v0
1
=
.
ve
2
E =
v e2
v e2
2GM
ve =
Re
42.
43.
GM
Re
v0 =
ve1
2gR
Given h = Re
(P.E.)top = (K.E.)bottom
41.
R1
g
= k ; 1 = r ; ve =
R2
g2