:

:n

1 0 0
0 1 0

0 0 1

1 0
= I2
= , I3
0 1

:
0 0 0
0 0 0

:
0 0 0
4 0 0
0 0 0

0 0 6

0
0

2
:

21 0 0
7 3 0

9 5 2
2 1 3
4 1 0
0 4 1

0 0 1

1
0

2 1 1
1 0 5

1 5 4

3
:

.
:
0 2
det
= 0 4 2 5 = 10
5 4

2 3 1
0 5 3 -1 3 -1
det 1 0 5 = 2
-1
-1
5 4 5 4 0 5
1 5 4
= 2((25)) 1(12
( + 5)) 1(15
( 0)) = 82
: A ) ( ) A
( .
4
:


AxB A B
A
B .
A nm Bmq =Cn q
m

C = A B cij = a ik b kj i , j
k =1

5
:

2x 1 + 4x 2 3x 3 = 3

4 3 x 1 3

2.5x 1 x 2 + 3x 3 = 5 2.5 1 3 x 2 = 5
1
0 6 x 3 7
6x 3 = 7
x1

6
:


.
:
x 1 1
x1 + x 2 = 3
x = 2
x 1 + 2x 2 = 5
2
:

:
x1=1, x2=2

7
:

x 1 + 2x 2 = 3
2x 1 + 4x 2 = 5
:

x 1 + 2x 2 = 3
2x 1 + 4x 2 = 6

a
x1

) x = 0.5(3 a

2
:



...

.
: ...

9
:

10
:

:
:
-1 )(.
-2 )(
-3 )(

x 1 + 2x 2 = 3
2x 1 + 4x 2 = 5

11

x 1 16
x 6
= 2
x 3 9

x 4 3

4
2 2
2 5

0 3
2

6 2
0 4

0 0

0 0

.
12
:


:
:
.
: .
x1 b1
' x = b
2 2
' x3 b3

a13
' a22 ' a23
' 0 a33
a12

a11
0

x1 b1
x = b
2 2
x3 b3

a13
a23
a33

a12
a22
a32

a11
a
21
a31

13
:

1
.
x 1 16
x 26
= 2

x 3 19

x 4 34

1 18
4
10
3

2
6
9

6 2

12 8
3 13

6 4

: :
x1 3 2 4 .
x 1 16
x 6
= 2

x 3 27

x 4 18

4
2 2
8 1

3 14
2

6 2
0 4

0 12

0 2

14
:

1
x2 : 3 4 .
x 1 16
x 6
= 2

x 3 9

x 4 21

6 2
0 4

0 0

0 0

4
2 2
2 5

4 13
2

x3 4 .

x 1 16

x 2 = 6
x 3 9

x 4 3

6 2 2 4
0 4 2 2

0 0 2 5

0 0 0 3

15
:

1
: : :
x 1 16
x 6
= 2
x 3 9

x 4 3

4
2 2
2 5

0 3
2

6 2
0 4

0 0

0 0

x4 x3 x2 x1 :
3
9 + 5
=1,
= x3
= 2
3
2
)6 2(2) 2(1
)16 + 2(1) 2(2) 4(1
= x2
= =1, x 1
=3
4
6

= x4

16
:

:
.

x 1 + 3x 3 = 18

2x 1 + 3x 2 + 5x 3 = 10
3x 1 + x 2 + 2x 3 = 7

17
:

AX=B

det(A) = 0

det(A) = 0

det(A) 0

18
:



Unique

No solution

1 2
1
3 4 X = 2

1 2
2
2 4 X = 3

1 2
1
0 2 X = 1

solution
l ti :

1 2
2
0 0 X = 1

N solution
No
l ti

0
X =
0 .5

0 = 1 impossible!

infinte # of solutions
1 2
2
2 4 X = 4

1 2
2
0 0 X = 0

I fi it # solutions
Infinite
l ti

X =

1 .5
19

10

a13 x 1 b1
a23 x 2 = b 2
a33 x 3 b3
b1 a12 x 2j 1 a13 x 3j 1
= x
a11
j
1

b 2 a21x 1j 1 a23x 3j 1
= x
a22
j
2

b3 a31x 1j 1 a32 x 2j 1
a33

= x 3j

a11 a12
a
21 a22
a31 a32

a11x 1 + a12 x 2 + a13 x 3 = b1

a21x 1 + a22 x 2 + a23 x 3 = b1

a x + a x + a x = b
31 1 32 2 33 3 1

21
:

a13 x 1 b1
a23 x 2 = b 2
a33 x 3 b3

a11 a12
a
21 a22
a31 a32

a11x 1 + a12 x 2 + a13 x 3 = b1

a21x 1 + a22 x 2 + a23 x 3 = b1

a x + a x + a x = b
31 1 32 2 33 3 1

22
:

11

:1

:
)
(

= 2.757143

= 7.14

) 19.3 0.1 ( 0 ) + 0.3 ( 0

7

) 71.4 0.3 ( 0 ) + 0.2 ( 0

= x2

= x3

10

23
:

:1
x 1 = 2.616667

x 2 = 2.757143

x 3 = 7.14
?=
?=

?=

) 19.3 0.1 ( 2.757143 ) + 0.3 ( 7.14

7

) 19.3 0.1 ( 2.616667 ) + 0.3 ( 7.14

7

= x2

) 71.4 0.3 ( 2.616667 ) + 0.2 ( 2.757143

10

= x1

= x3

24
:

12

:2
-
:
)
(

25
:

:2
:

13

27

. -
.
.
.

28
:

14










.
2x 2 + 3x 3 = 18

2x 1 + x 2 3x 3 = 10

3x 1 + x 2 + 2x 3 = 7

29
:

15