In association with
and
Report no.
Issue no.
Date of issue
07045-3
004
May, 2010
Prepared
Checked
Approved
NO/BBD
DRS
JNP
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
ii
Table of Contents
Consultants Team
Acknowledgements
vi
Acronyms
vii
Executive Summary
Introduction
ESIA Study Methodologies
ix
ix
xii
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
Introduction
Background
Access to Economic Opportunities
Project Description and Justification
1
1
2
2
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Alternative Alignments
Northern Alternative Option/Routing
The Southern Option
Southern Long Option
Northern Short (Green) Option
Zero Option
Conclusion and Recommendation on the Best
Alternative/Option
8
8
9
10
10
11
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
13
13
17
23
32
4
4.1
36
36
11
iii
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
4.2
37
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Public Consultations
Overview of the Public Consultation Process
Emerging Issues arising from Public Consultations
Public Disclosure and Public Hearing
Public Hearings
44
44
46
49
50
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
51
51
54
59
61
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
63
63
64
69
69
98
98
98
8.1
8.2
9
9.1
References
105
105
107
Table of Appendices
Annex 1: Household Socio-Economic Survey Questionnaire
Annex 2: Parishes and Cell that Make up Kakiika Sub-County
Annex 3: Agricultural and other Economic Activities in Kakiika
Annex 5: Quality and Access to Social Services in Kakiika Sub-County
Annex 6: Details of community Meetings including dates, venue and
number of participants in 6 parishes
Annex 7: Number and names of landowners likely to be affected in
Kakiika
Annex 8: Additional Persons Contacted
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Annex 9: COWI Action on Key NEMA Comments on the EIS for ESIA
for the project
Annex10: Water Quality Results for Ruharo Water Works
Annex 11 (a): The Role of the Contractors Environmentalist
Annex 11 (b): The Role of the Contractors Safety Officer
iv
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
List of Tables
Table 3.1:
Counties Sub-counties and cells where Mbarara By-Pass
transverses 13
Table 3.2 Population levels and trends by sex of Mbarara Municipality 14
Table 3.3:
Mbarara Monthly Total Rainfall (mm) 2005-2006
15
Table 3.4:
Monthly Mean Maximum and Minimum Temperature (0C) 15
Table 3.5:
Humidity Summary for 2005-2007 for Mbarara District 15
Table 3.6:
Water Quality Parameters from 03 Water Points along the
Alignment 16
Table 3.7:
Geographical Analysis of Poverty Pockets in Mbarara
District
27
Table 3.8:
Social services in Nyakayojo Sub-county
28
Table 3.9:
Ownership of means Transport in Mbarara District
31
Table 3.10:
Summary of Preliminary Cost Estimate (EURO) - Mbarara
By-Pass
35
Table 5.1 A summary of Stakeholder Consultation Meetings and Population
reached by various categories
46
Table 5.2:
Concerns and fears raised by various stakeholder s that were
consulted 48
Table 7.1:
Magnitude of Impacts
64
List of Figures
Figure 1.1:
Location Map
4
Figure 2.1:
The Main Alignment Options Considered Northern Long
(Blue) Option
8
Figure 2.2:
The purple option, passes developed areas near Katete
10
Figure 2.3:
Developed areas between Kabaara and Kitebero
10
Figure 2.4:
First three km of the green option is rolling
11
Figure 3.1:
Illustrated Summaries of the Sections Through the Planned
Project Areas
18
Figure 3.2:
Livestock owned by households in project area
24
Figure 3.3:
Source of household income
24
Figure 3.4:
Land tenure systems in the project area
27
Figure 3.5:
Literacy levels by gender
29
Figure 3.6:
Main Source of Water Sources
30
Figure 3.7:
Source of Energy for Cooking
32
Figure 3.8:
Process of field Test investigations in progress
32
Figure 5.1:
Potential negative social impacts
46
Figure 5.2:
Potential positive impact of the By-Pass
47
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
vi
Acknowledgements
The consultants would like to thank all stakeholders including Government Departments, who took part in the process of preparing this ESIS.
Local communities and all consulted during field trips deserve recognition and
sincere appreciation for their time and open contributions and insight into the
activities of the project.
The experts including project engineers and surveyors who provided technical
information regarding this project need also special recognition.
The Uganda National Roads Authority for their support and contributions towards the ESIA process and preparation of this report.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Acronyms
AOI
BOQ
CAO
CBOs
CFR
COWI
DCP
DLB
DRSC
DWD
ESIA
EIRR
ESIS
EMP
EU
EU
EMP
FY
GDP
GoU
IMF
IRR
HIV
LHS
MBAZARDI
MDGs
MoFED
MLHUD
MoWT
MT
NCR
NEA
NEMA
NFA
NGO
NMT
Area of Influence
Bill of Quantities
Chief Administrative Officer
Community Based Organizations
Central Forest Reserve
Danish Consultant
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
District Land Boards
District Road Safety Committees
Directorate of Water Development
Environmental Impact Assessment
Economic Internal Rate of Return
Environmental and Social Impact Statement
Environmental Management Plan
European Union
European Union
Environmental Management Plan
Financial Year
Gross Domestic Product
Government of Uganda
International Monetary Fund
Internal Rate of Return (economic)
Human-Immuno Virus
Left Hand Side
Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute
Millennium Development Goal
Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic
Development
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development
Ministry of Works and Transport
Motorized Traffic
Northern Corridor Route
National Environment Act
National Environment Management Authority
National Forestry Authority
Non-Government Organization
Non-Motorized Transport
vii
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
NRM
NVT
NWSC
OSH
PEAP
PWD
RAP
RDC
RE
RHS
ROW
SIA
SSA
STD
TC
ToRs
TSS
UBOS
ULC
UNDP
UNRA
UPDF
USD
viii
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
ix
Executive Summary
Introduction
Infrastructure development is one of the top priorities for the Government of
Uganda in its agenda for economic transformation within the next decade as
depicted in its Financial Budget estimates for 2008/09. Transport infrastructure
especially roads play a pivotal role rural transformation process.
The main objective of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) Government
has been to improve access to transport services in the rural and urban areas by
so doing contribute to poverty eradication. Of paramount importance is the improvement of the transport system; improve performance of the transport sector
so that Uganda is effectively connected to the countries in the region, efficiently accessing the sea ports and is linked to the rest of the world by air.
The Government of Uganda represented by the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) intends to construct the Mbarara By-Pass road of 13.88 km to divert
heavy traffic away from the town centre of Mbarara and in anticipation of possible elevation of the Mbarara Municipality to a city status. The project will cost an
estimated 17.7 million Euro. The cost will cover construction supervision and
construction costs. The detailed road designs are being conducted by M/S. COWI
(U) Limited.
The purpose of this project is to support the Government in the achievement of
its socio-economic goals outlined in the MGDS, which include the development of the roads and other national infrastructure
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
alignment show that the majority of the length can be considered flat, with only
a few sections falling into the rolling terrain class.
economic growth assumptions in which, Mbarara By-Pass project is regarded as an integrated part and improvement of the Northern Corridor,
Economic Considerations, the economic viability of the Mbarara ByPass shall been seen part of the implementation of projects on the
Northern Corridor
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
xi
Economic Considerations
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
xii
Other benefits
Zero Option
Its construction costs are comparably lower of all the four Options;
it presents minimal negative social and environmental impacts as compared to other routes (northern most for instances is closer to air field on
Ibanda road);
It is the route where the least number of buildings will have to be demolished if any;
It has also the potential to serve the traffic travelling to and from Kasese;
and
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
xiii
review of literature
ecological investigations
ESIA also made use of public and household information through public
meetings, stakeholder consultations and participatory rural appraisal (PRA)
to assess the likely impact of the projects and identify opportunities for
promoting positive socio-economic development
In all, pertinent environmental and social problems have been identified and
documented in this ESIA report and appropriate mitigation measures have been
proposed to minimize or offset these problems. An Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) embedded in the report outlines responsibilities, institutional
mechanisms, costs and time frames for the implementation and monitoring of
the plan.
Ecological Valuation
Details of the Ecological Valuation process for the 1.8ha of Rwemitongore
Forest Reserve included:
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
xiv
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
xv
Some of the mitigation measures include incorporation of appropriate environmental designs into the project, use of water to control dust, supervision of implementation of mitigating measures by various authorities, compensation for
land crops and forest area of Rwemitongore.
Monitoring Programme
The overall objective of environmental and social monitoring is to ensure that
mitigation measures are implemented and that they are effective. Environmental and social monitoring will also enable response to new and developing
issues of concern. The activities and indicators that have been recommended for
monitoring are presented in the ESMP.
Environmental and social monitoring will be carried out to ensure that all construction activities comply and adhere to environmental provisions and standard
specifications, so that all mitigation measures are implemented. The contractor
shall employ an officer responsible for implementation of social/environmental
requirements on a full time basis. This person will maintain regular contact
with the Supervisors own Environmental/Social Specialist and the local District Environmental Officer. The contractor and UNRA have responsibility to
ensure that the proposed mitigation measures are properly implemented during
the construction phase.
In addition, there should be a Safety Officer in the Team whose role will be ensuring all safety matters on the project are managed in a professional manner.
The environmental and social monitoring program will operate through the preconstruction, construction, and operation phases. It will consist of a number of
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
xvi
activities, each with a specific purpose with key indicators and criteria for significance assessment. The following aspects will be subject to monitoring:
Conclusion
The planned construction of Mbarara By pass is an important project that has
numerous benefits including de-congestion of Mbarara Town centre, reduced
accidents, improvement in travel times, boosting of local and national connectivity and economies, local employment and improvement of social services.
However the ESIA study has illustrated that this development will be realized
at a cost. The study showed that the environment and social contexts will be
interfered with in varying magnitudes such as through soil erosion; loss of
trees; uptake of banana crop land (300m), disturbance to forest ecosystems;
pollution of water, air and soils; loss of property and land; disruption of grazing
patterns.
The study has therefore proposed several mitigation measures to control, reduce
or reverse the perceived impacts. It has also proposed implementation and
monitoring mechanisms of the environmental and social management plan. Finally recommendations have been made to guide the contractor on broader issues of environmental and social significance.
Recommendations
The Contractor should comply with legal obligations related to this project
and should use the National Environmental Standards as a guide for emission limits. In absence of any emission limits in the national standards, the
contractor should use other internationally acceptable standards for the
limits;
There is public concern over the safety of road users in view of the fact
that, the planned area for the by-pass is largely a cattle grazing zone;
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
xvii
All displaced parties and other groups who will lose property should be
fairly and promptly compensated;
The Contractor should closely work with district and Mbarara Municipality
authorities during the entire project implementation period in the implementation of the EMP;
The contractor should follow all the formalities related to development
control and approval systems for this nature of projects;
The Contractor should fully rehabilitate campsites, borrow pits and road
sides after project completion;
A comprehensive programme should be developed to facilitate sensitizations and training of workers and the general public on HIV/AIDS and
STDs; and
Leased lands that will be used for temporary works of the project should be
returned to the rightful owners after completion of the works.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Introduction
1.1
Background
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
form process and structural transformation of Ugandan economy have been supported by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The process
has further been supported by promotion of private sector development including
liberalizing of Investment Code in 1991, strengthening of Public-Private sector partnership, relaxing restrictions to the private sector, and privatization of public owned
enterprises.
Between 1992 and 2002, poverty rates fell in Uganda from 55.7% to 37.7%,
primarily through the emergence of successful new agro-industries such as fish,
vanilla, and flowers as well as growth in services in urban areas. Ugandas real
GDP growth rate slowed from an average of 6.8% between 1990 and 1999 to
around 5.5% between 2000 and 2007. Real GDP in 2006/07 grew by 6.2 percent
compared to 4.9 percent recorded in 2005/06. The increase in real GDP was mainly
on account of increased performance in the construction, transport and communication, wholesale and retail trade, and services sectors as a result of increased public and private construction, increased activity in the formal sector, and increased
import demand.
Between 1990 and 2007, real GDP growth averaged close to 5.5 percent, compared with 3 percent in the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In per capita terms
the corresponding figures are 3.25% and 1% - refer below. Ugandas growth
since 1990, then, has been among the strongest in Africa.
1.2
1.3
1.3.1 Background
Infrastructure development is one of the top priorities for the Government of
Uganda in its agenda for economic transformation within the next decade as
depicted in its Financial Budget estimates for 2008/09. Transport infrastructure
especially roads play a pivotal role rural transformation process. The main objective of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) Government has been to
improve access to transport services in the rural and urban areas by so doing
contribute to poverty eradication. Of paramount importance is the improvement
of the transport system; improve performance of the transport sector so that
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Uganda is effectively connected to the countries in the region, efficiently accessing the sea ports and is linked to the rest of the world by air.
Equally, ports, railways and airports are a key part of the national infrastructure
that stimulates development by linking various economic destinations across
and outside the country. Ugandas policy goal on transport is to ensure the provision of a coordinated transport environment that fosters a safe and competitive operation of commercially viable, financially sustainable, and environmentally friendly transport services and enterprises. All motorized and nonmotorized traffic are expected to reach every society of the country year-round
without interruption.
The provision of adequate road transport services (in quality, coverage and organization) is essential for the economic and social development of Uganda.
Road transport accommodates far the most of passenger/freight movements in
the country, import/distribution of petroleum products, fertilizers, relief food
and collection/export of coffee from rural areas. The roads sector has a vital and
supportive role to play in the development of a dynamic and robust private sector, and in the efficient delivery of social services. Hence an efficient road network will be a key element in sustaining high economic growth through its contribution to increased productivity. It therefore, has a direct bearing on poverty
reduction.
This explains Governments resolve to put in place a sound road network as a
prerequisite for socio-economic development of the country and to maintain
coherence in the socio-economic environment. Easy mobility of goods and
people provides the incentive for increased production and markets access, and
therefore has a positive effect on the improvement of the welfare of households.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Figure 1.1:
Location Map
The By-Pass road to be constructed will be an Asphalt Concrete Surfacing consisting of 60 mm of wearing course and 90 mm of binder course. The effect of
the new By-Pass will be a roughness of 2 m/km. Based on the preliminary
geometric, pavement and drainage design, a preliminary bill of quantities
(BOQ) has been prepared. The BOQ is for the entire project length of 13.3 km
and with asphalt pavement on stabilized road base and double bituminous surface treatment. The Economic Cost of the project is considered to be the total
expenditure (Financial costs) incurred to realize the project
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Plate 1-2: Traffic Characteristics through Mbarara Town Centre. Note the long and heavy trucks,
buses and commuter taxis loading and offloading passengers by the roadside. Also on the top plates,
buildings are close to road edges thus increasing risks of accidents (Photo: N. Omagor, 2009).
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Alternative Alignments
A number of Alternative Alignments both north and south of the town centre
were initially analyzed and presented to both the Mbarara Municipality and to
UNRA. Initially several alignments were considered located both north and
south of Mbarara town as follows. It is important to note that, the analysis of
alternatives was based largely on engineering considerations as ecologically the
project area is uniform. The Options were also based on satellite imageries.
2.1
In Figure 2-1, the black line represents the existing road through Mbarara town
centre while the dark blue line is the Rwizi River which has to be crossed by all
the alignment options.
Figu
re 2.1:
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
2.2
This Option is approx. 15.9 km compared to 13.7 km following the existing road through the town of Mbarara. The alignment option take off from
the existing highway near Nyamityobora some 8 km east of the town centre, and rejoin the Mbarara Ntungamo highway at Ntakoni some 8 km west
of town. The alignment passes south of the town through Rwentondo, Kakoba and Katete. The middle section past Kakoba is rolling terrain where
steep gradients may have to be accepted. The alignment crosses the Ruizi
River between Kakoba and Katete with a catchment area of 2,105 sq km,
where a major bridge will have to be constructed, should this alignment
option be chosen. The river at this point is well defined but the river valley
at this point is steep but the bridge will have to cross the river at an angle
to avoid sharp curves on either side of the bridge.
The alignment also crosses a major stream with catchment area of 40 sq
km which will require a large box culvert or a small bridge. Between
Katete and where the by-pass rejoins the existing road the alignment passes
some well developed areas with a significant number of houses as illustrated in Figure 2.2 below.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Figure 2.2:
2.3
10
Figure 2.3:
2.4
The Alignment Option starts off from the existing highway near the Coca
Cola factory some 5 km east of the town centre (elevation 1,370 m.a.s.l.),
and rejoin the Mbarara Ntungamo highway at Nyakakoni west of town
(elevation 1,420 m.a.s.l.). The alignment passes immediately north of the
town through Nyamutobora, Kakiika and Ruharo. The total length of the
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
11
Figure 2.4:
The alignment crosses the Ruizi River near Kyempene with a catchment
area of 2,026 sq km, where a bridge will have to be constructed. The river
at this point is well defined and firm ground has been recorded on either
side. In addition, the river valley at this point is shallow and wide and the
crossing will have to be done by a long low level bridge or embankments
with a concrete bridge in the centre. This alignment option is shorter and
preliminarily, there are fewer houses to be compensated as most of the
area is largely farms which makes it fairly a cheaper Option to be constructed.
2.5
Zero Option
This options means that the project of constructing the Mbarara By Pass is
to be abandoned and the road users to continue using the town centre road
(/high street). Under this Option, the Government of Uganda will have
saved on the funds for the road construction but the issues of traffic congestion, noise, accidents and lost time by trucks through Mbarara town
centre would remain unattended. The usual delays of traffic through the
town centre of Mbrarara would continue. This is not a suitable option.
2.6
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
12
The short (green) alignment option north of the town centre has the following advantages compared to the other three options:
It is the route where the least number of buildings will have to be demolished (properly none);
The only major drainage structure is the bridge across the Ruizi River;
and
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
3.1
Biophysical Conditions
13
Sub-county/Division
Parish/Ward
Cells
Kamukuzi
Ruharo
Nkokenjeru
Mbaguta
Kashari
Rwampara
Kakiika
Nyakayojo
Kakiika
Nyarubanga
Rukindo
Kagando A, Kagando B,
Bwenkoma A, and Nyakakoni
According to the 2002 population census, Mbarara district has a total number of 76,108 households, and 361,477 persons, out of which 184,518 were
female (Table 3.2). With an average household size of 4.7 persons per
household, the district population density stands at 213.8 persons per
square meter whereas the average population growth rate of 2.8 percent
which was lower than the national growth rate of 3.2 percent. The population of Mbarara is composed of different tribal groups including among
others; Banyankole, Bakiga, Baganda, Bafumbira, Bahororo, Batagwenda,
Batoro. It also includes people from different nations like Rwanda, Tanzania, Congo, Burundi, and Kenya among others.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Table 3.2
Municipality
Division
14
1991
1991
1991
Male
Female
Total
Kakoba
10,531
8,765
19,296
Kamukuzi
6,960
6,539
13,449
Nyamitanga
4002
4,234
8,236
21, 493
19.538
41,031
Total Municipality
Source: Housing and Population Census, 2002
2002
2002
2002
Male
19,903
11,677
5,634
34,214
Female
17,368
11.793
5,988
35,149
Total
34,271
23,470
11,622
69,363
3.1.2 Geology
The geological outline of the area traversed by the planned by pass consists
of various geological groups of Precambrian formations constituted by the
dominant Karagwe-Ankolean type along the project road which is characterized by being partly granitised and metamorphosed formations consisting of argillites and granites. An argillite is a fine-grained sedimentary
rock composed predominantly of indurate clay particles whereas an granite
is a sedimentary clastic rock with grain size less than 2 mm.
Buganda-Toro system is characterized by being partly granitised and
metamorphosed formations consisting of argillites and locally quartzites
and amphibolites. Quartzites and amphibolites are metamorphic rocks, i.e.
created by extreme temperature and pressure. The District is composed of
a mixture of fairly rolling and sharp hills and mountains, fairly deep and
shallow valleys and fairly flat land especially in the North-Eastern part of
the district.
3.1.3 Climate
Mbarara district received average rainfall of 1200 mm with two rainy seasons February to May and September to December. It has 2 dry seasons,
temperature range from 170C to 300C with relative humidity ranges from
80-90% in the morning and 48-60% in the evening throughout the year.
The climatic conditions for the period 2005-2008 have been documented
by Mbarara Meteorological (Table 3.3-3.5). Mbarara is generally a warm
area with temperature ranging between 140C and 300C.
It experiences south easterly winds with moderate mean becoming slightly
higher during the dry seasons. In terms of visibility, the area is generally
with a good visibility which reduces to haziness during the dry season and
foggy in the rainy season. The rainfall in the area is of two seasons in
which, March-May and September-November are generally wet. The
other months are not very dry with occasional rains.
15
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Table 3.3:
Year Jan
Feb.
Jul.
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
2005
52.8
11.2
76.4
78.8
99.0
43.1
5.4
105.5
119.6
80.1
103.4
9.9
2006
34.5
54.3
80.8
77.7
97.6
9.8
19.1
64.2
45.7
53.9
132.6
50.0
2007
45.8
39.7
93.2
82.3
59.4
96.3
71.2
46.9
140.9
102.5
206.2
63.4
Table 3.4:
Year
2005
2006
2007
Max/Min
Jan
Feb
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Max.
29.2
30.8
28.4
28.2
26.8
27.6
28.2
27.7
27.6
27.1
26.8
29.1
Min.
15.9
16.0
15.7
15.4
15.2
15.6
15.5
15.4
15.7
15.6
15.5
15.9
Max
27.8
29.6
27.0
26.5
26.9
28.1
28.3
28.0
27.6
27.0
25.2
25.5
Min.
16.1
16.7
16.0
16.0
16.2
13.8
15.8
15.6
15.7
16.2
16.4
16.6
Max.
27.6
28.3
28.2
27.6
27.1
26.5
27.1
27.1
26.7
26.2
25.7
26.9
Min.
16.2
16.3
16.0
16.7
16.5
16.2
15.4
15.6
15.5
15.1
15.1
15.0
Table 3.5:
Jan.
Feb.
Mar
.
Jul.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Morn.
2005
85
75
85
85
88
83
78
83
85
87
90
81
After.
50
39
58
54
61
49
39
51
55
66
62
46
Morn.
2006
85
82
89
90
87
73
73
78
76
81
90
90
After.
51
49
57
62
62
45
39
44
57
59
66
65
Morn.
2007
88
83
87
86
82
86
83
84
85
85
88
85
After.
50
52
49
55
55
53
48
50
59
65
68
53
16
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Parameters
Rivers/Wetlands
Parameters
Rwizi River
Ruti
pH
5.6
5.7
92
169
Electrical Conductivity
(mS/cm)
300.0
200.0
Total Dissolved Solids
(mg/L)
32
39
Total Suspended Solids
(mg/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
6.00
5.20
Bio-Chemical Oxygen
1.0
1.0
(mg/L)
Total Coliforms (cfu/100ml)
480,000
18000
(Source: ESIA Field Investigation Findings, 2009)
Coca Cola
7.0
60
400.0
3
3.90
2.0
2300
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
3.2
17
Vegetation Characteristics
Overall, the physical settings through which the planned Mbarara By-Pass
traverses is documented from both literature and field surveys. Based on
these, key characteristics of the project areas are summarized in Figure 3.1.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Figure 3.1:
18
Remarks
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
19
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
20
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
40
4.2.7
Total enumeration of the trees in each plot was then undertaken to obtain the
following counts (Table 4.1).
Table 4.1:
Plot No
01
02
03
04
05
06
The next step involved calculation of the value of standing stock for each of the
six plots above. The value of standing stock was estimated by applying the appropriate price by volume for timber or pole class for poles for the total standing stock for the respective plots. Table 4.2 indicates the value of standing
stock by plot for the impact area.
Table 4.2.
Plot No
01
02
03
04
05
06
TOTAL
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
41
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
42
per hectare per annum or a discounted value of Ushs 141,120 per hectare over
the medium to long term (about ten years). The other aspect is the value of land
take in a complete land sale. The value of the 1.8 ha land take for the two aspects will therefore be Ushs 133,634,016 comprising of a discounted land
rental of 254,016 and cost of land of Ushs. 74,100,000 per hectare market rate.
43
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Table 4.3:
CFR
Method of calculation
Physical enumeration
market analysis
Carbon sequestration poten- Market analysis
tial
Biodiversity option value
Benefits transfer
Land take
Market analysis
Incremental management
Market analysis
costs
Total Cost Implication for
the loss of 1.8ha of the CFR
and
Value (Ushs)
3,849,079
6,071,422
1,474,200
133,634,016
20,000,000
165,028,717
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Public Consultations
5.1
44
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
45
Possible mitigation measures aim to minimise or eliminate adverse negative impacts, enhance beneficial impacts, and protect the rights of affected
groups;
Compensation and resettlement issues with respect to likely impact on
their property- land, grazing space, crops and buildings sites within the
road alignment in case the project would require more land for the road;
Potential alternatives within the proposed project; especially with respect
to decisions regarding access, location of protective barriers and signs
around schools, markets and populated areas, bus stops, bypasses, rest areas, etc. will benefit from inputs from the local population;
Likely impacts of STDs and HIV/AIDS on the community along project
road and propose mitigation measures; and
Opportunities for promoting positive socio-economic development along
the road corridor.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Table 5.1
Category
Community Meetings
Special vulnerable groups
Local government Leaders and technical staff
Households interviews
NGOs and religious institutions
School administrators
Government institutions
Manufacturers
Total stakeholders Meetings
Total population reached
Total Male
Total Female
Counties
Sub-counties
Parishes/Divisions
Cells/wards
(Source: ESIA Field data, 2009)
5.2
46
Total
19
3
6
265
2
3
3
1
20
863
399
474
2
2
6
14
Generally the By-pass was an acceptable at all levels with communities and
various stakeholders expressing their expectations and optimisms associated
with socio-economic benefits the By-pass. In the same vein, stakeholders also
expressed their concerns and fears regarding the adverse social impact of the
project. With respect to negative social impacts, according to Figure 5.1,
household ranked the following in order of severity: displacement of people,
reducing income, spread of diseases, kidnapping children, violence and robbery
increase, traffic accidents and destruction of environment were major concerns.
Figure 5.1:
50.0%
45.0%
40.0%
Percentages
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
Spread of
diseases
Displacemet of Destruction of
people
nat. resources
Others
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
47
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
Percentages
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
Employment
Access to
soc. Services
Increase in
Agric.
Productivity
Improve
transport
services
Othres
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Table 5.2:
48
Mbarara Municipality
Destroy the Forest Plantation-reserves at Makenke which is protecting the water sources (stream) which is vital as a source of
water supply.
Floods resulting from the blocking drainage system endangering
residents and livestock drowning and breading mosquitoes
Sidelining the local government by the contractors.
Speculation on land values which are likely to cause land disputes.
Reduction land for food production for staff and prisoners (vegetables to supplement their diet)
Disrupt the utilities (water & electricity) that serve the prisoners
Destroy the farm fences and thereby expose the farm to encroachment
Kyamugorani (Church) in
Kacence Parish near
Vehicular Fumes and dust will increase pollution and affect quality of beverages
The proximity of the roundabout might compromise security
Noise pollution (before and After construction)
Distraction of drainage will increasing floods around the area
Disrupt water pipes and electricity lines and thereby interrupted
production leading to low production and profits
Construction of a roundabout near the plant gate is likely to congest the traffic flow that go in and out of the plant
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Kyomugarani PS and St
Elizabeth Academy
49
Deepen and worsen inequalities as the rich will sell their land and
the poor sell the only assets that they possess and my not be able
to invest this money profitably. Some of this land especially the
current idle and grazing land has been rented out and used by the
landless
5.3
Once the ESIA study is concluded, the developer (UNRA) submits ten (10)
copies of the ESIS to NEMA for review and approval. Once submitted to
NEMA, ESIA becomes a public document and may be inspected at any reasonable time by any person. Within two (2) weeks from date of receipt of the
ESIA, NEMA is mandated, if it finds it necessary; to publicize receipt of the
ESIA, identify the concerned region and stakeholders, the places for inspection
of the ESIA, and makes copies or summaries of the statement available for public inspection.
NEMA also sends copies of the ESIA within 14 days from the date on which
the ESIA was received to other relevant agencies and experts for comments.
Public comments and/or objections are submitted to NEMA within 3 weeks. It
is therefore, policy of government to have the Statement disclosed by NEMA
during the review process but the level of disclosure is at the discretion of
NEMA, the Authority mandated by law to coordinate, monitor and supervise all
activities in the field of the environment. For road projects, in its mandate,
NEMA sends the ESISs to Lead Agencies and the general public at the places
where the Statements can be consulted and through the District Environment
Offices invites the affected persons by the project to make comments which are
transmitted to NEMA for a final decision regarding the environmental aspect to
be made by the Executive Director.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
5.4
50
Public Hearings
A public hearing is only conducted if NEMA is of the opinion that the public
hearing:
will enable the Executive Director make a fair and just decision if the
comments received during the public disclosure from the Lead Agencies,
the general public and persons affected by the project are not sufficient to
reach such a decision; and
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
51
The purpose of this section is to set out the legislative, regulatory, and policy
context in which the transmission line being proposed and with which the project must comply. It chapter discusses policy, legal and institutional framework
within which the ESIA was conducted. National regulations are discussed along
with relevant international agreements and conventions to which, Uganda is a
party. Key legislations governing the conduct of ESIA in Uganda are the National Environmental Act (Cap 153) and the Environmental Impact Assessment
Regulations (1998). The National Environmental Act established the National
Environment Management Authority (NEMA), and entrusts it with responsibility to ensure compliance with the ESIA process in planning and execution of
infrastructural projects. Relevant policies have also been analysed as summarized herewith.
6.1
Policy Framework
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52
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53
6.1.7
Gender,
Occupational Health and Safety (OSH), and
Issues of People with Disabilities (PWDs) and the Elderly.
These are all deliberate sectoral initiatives to ensure that, specific and special
peculiarities and needs with regard to responsively addressing these issues in its
programmes, plans and activities are responsively addressed.
6.1.9
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54
6.2
Legal Framework
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
55
its relevant ESIA are described in Sections 19 21 of Part V, while the importance of environmental standards adhered within the ESMP are stressed in Sections 24 32 of Part VI. The Act provides the legal framework for the sustainable management of Ugandas environmental resources. Section 20 makes it a
legal requirement for every developer to undertake an environmental assessment for projects listed in the third schedule of the statute. The activities of the
planned bypass development fall under those which are out of character with
the surrounding and hence, require an ESIA to be conducted before implementation.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
56
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57
petroleum supply industry. This provision led the GoU eventually eliminate the
importation and use of leaded fuels.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
58
Uganda has signed but not yet ratified the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS): The Convention is
aimed at conserving species of wild animals that migrate across or outside
national boundaries. None of the species belonging to this category will be
affected by the proposed project or any of its activities;
The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Convention). Lake George and other 10 Ramsar sites will not be directly affected by the planned project activities;
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
59
In all, the Project Developer (UNRA) will take into consideration the relevant
provisions contained in the above Agreements and/or Conventions at all stages
of the proposed project implementation.
6.3
Institutional Framework
The institutional framework under which the planned project will be implemented will involve the following agencies. They are:
6.3.1
ensure all year round safe and efficient movement of people and goods on
the national roads network;
enhance road safety through improved design and education of the users;
optimize the quality, timeliness and cost effectiveness of the road works
interventions;
Use innovative and creative techniques and strategies to optimize the performance of the road system.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
60
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61
6.4
Institutional Coordination
The National Environment Management Authority is mandated to be the principal national Agency charged with the management of the environment as enshrined in the National Environment Act Cap 153. At the district level, the responsibility of the management of environmental issues lies with the District
Environment Committees. The DECs in the project areas through their District
Environment Officers will be channelling their views with respect to environment issues during the implementation of the road works. The respective District Environment Offices will be relaying their area environment concerns to
NEMA for eventual communication to the developer/contractor for action.
While NEMA will be responsible for overall coordination of cross-sectoral environmental issues on the road project, UNRA will equally ensure that environmental and social mitigations in the road project are well articulated and
implemented by the contractor(s). The Contractor will prepare a separate
ESMP that will detail how he/she will address environmental and social compliance in the Project. The Contractors ESMP will take into account, the
ESMP in the ESIA as well as NEMA Approval Conditions for the road project.
The Contractors ESMP will detail amongst others the following issues such as;
waste management measures, OSH and labour force management amongst others. Quarry operations will require separate ESIA to be prepared by the Contractors. The Contractors ESMP will provide measures to address concerns
relating to extraction of muram. These will not require separate EIAS.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
62
It is important to note that the preparation of the Contractors ESMP will also
be guided by UNRAs guidelines on how the ESMP for Contractors have to be
prepared. The ESMP shall equally critically make reference to the General
Specifications for Road and Bridge Works 2005.
Furthermore, the RE will assume the day to day compliance monitoring responsibility of the Contractors ESMP as well other environmental and social issues
that arise during implementation of the project. The RE will be providing
monthly progress reports on the Project compliance with regard to the environmental and social issues (HIV/AIDS etc). Both the RE and the Contractor
shall have in their teams Environmental Specialists for the day to day guidance
of the Project on matters of environment and social compliance.
At the end of the project, the Contractor shall prepare a comprehensive Decommissioning Plan that has to be approved by NEMA and its execution. In
all, the Contractor will prepare a Project Completion Report at the end of the
Defects Liability period detailing how he/she has undertaken the Project in line
with its ESIA, ESMP, NEMA Approval Conditions and general works compliance in time with existing provision on environment.
It should be observed that on existing roads which are for maintenance and upgrading, there are road committees which help on matters of community ownership and on the ground management of the roads. However, it should be
noted that, the planned Mbarara By Pass, will be a new road and such, there are
currently no road committees. It is envisaged that, the road committees will be
put in place once the road construction commences. These Committees will
form a link between the contractor and the committees and can be helpful on
matters such as recruitment of worker etc.
In terms of compensation and resettlement, the prime participants are the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (compensation and valuation)
and UNRA (the Lead Agency). UNRA therefore must take the responsibility
for resettlement and identification and coordination of other players. In addition, Uganda Land Commission, District Land Boards, Land Tribunal and Local Councils need to be involved.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
63
This Section is crucial because many of the impacts outlined in this report can
be avoided or minimized through careful attention in the initial planning and
design stage. Therefore, this report includes a discussion of the environmental
considerations that were taken into account during planning and design of this
project in order to incorporate all issues for avoiding or minimizing impacts, for
capturing potential benefits, for compensating for residual impacts, and for impact management. In planning and design a balance against potential damage
to environment need to be achieved.
7.1
Overview of effects
Table 7.1 provides a summary and overview of potential direct and indirect, on
site and off site impacts associated with the road project. The following are key
words guiding the scaling of impacts.
Direct Impacts, these are effects that arise from activities that form an integral part of the project (e.g. site clearance etc); and
Indirect Impacts, are impacts that arise from activities not directly and
clearly forming part of the project (these are include noise changes due to
an increase in road traffic flows on existing roads resulting from the construction).
These effects are subdivided into groups according to the phases (preconstruction, construction, operational) in which, they may occur. In each of
the categories, the environmental impacts are sub-divided according to the activities associated with the project component. It is also important to note that,
effects have further been sub-divided on the basis of their Magnitude (High-H,
Medium-M, Low-L, Negligible-N) and Duration (short term, medium or long
term) and Permanency (Reversible or Irreversible) and these are summarized
on Table 7.1 below.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
7.2
64
The overall impact of an activity of the project has been established based a
combination of considerations such as magnitude of its impacts, impacts duration and, their permanency and all these have been related on a continuous scale
between extremes of Very Large Positive Impacts and Very Large Negative
Impacts. The extremes of significance have varied according to aspect(s)
considered. For instance, an aspects of high value (e.g. natural forest areas) if
they are highly impacted negatively gives and overall impact assessment in the
scale of very large negative impacts.
On the reverse, such highly valued areas when affected by little or impacts will
have overall impact assessment of minimal/no impact or small negative impact
depending on the specific characteristics as summarized in the table below.
Table 7.1:
Scale
++++
+++
++
+
0
x
xx
xxx
xxxx
Magnitude of Impacts
Narrative
Very large positive
Large positive
Medium positive
Small positive
Minimal/no impact
Small negative
Medium negative
Large negative
Very large negative
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
65
Project Activities
Project Phase
Nature of Impact
Direct
Indirect
Permanency of Impact
Reversible
Irreversible
Magnitude of the
Impact
H
M
L N
Duration of Impact
L
M
S
Overall
Impact
01.
Changes in hydrology
Construction
Direct
Reversible
02.
Soil erosion
Construction
Direct
Reversible
XX
03.
Construction and
in road operations
Direct
Reversible
XX
04.
Noise pollution
Construction and
operations
Direct
Reversible
XX
05.
Water quality in
the areas of R.
Ruizi
Construction
Direct
Irreversible
XXXX
06.
Disposal of waste
construction
wastes
Oil spills concerns
Construction
Direct
Reversible
XX
Construction
Direct
Irreversible
XX
Construction
Direct
Reversible
XXXX
07.
08.
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66
Project Activities
Project Phase
Nature of Impact
Direct
Indirect
Permanency of Impact
Reversible
Irreversible
Magnitude of the
Impact
H
M
L N
Duration of Impact
L
M
S
Overall
Impact
09.
Stone products
from quarries
works.
Construction
Direct
Reversible
XXXX
10.
Construction
Direct
Reversible
11
Construction deviations
Construction
Direct
Reversible
XX
12
Construction
Direct
Reversible
XXX
13
Camp site
Construction
Direct
Reversible
XXX
14
Management of
cut to spoil in
which, cut to spoil
is sometimes deposited in swamps,
forests on used for
reclaiming sites.
Construction
Direct
Reversible
XXXX
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
67
Project Activities
Project Phase
Nature of Impact
Direct
Indirect
Permanency of Impact
Reversible
Irreversible
Magnitude of the
Impact
H
M
L N
Duration of Impact
L
M
S
Overall
Impact
15
Disturbance to the
public (noise,
workers etc).
Construction
Direct
Reversible
XX
16
Public Health,
Human Safety and
Environmental
Management
Road safety
Construction
Indirect
Reversible
XXXX
Construction
Indirect
Reversible
XX
Physical Cultural
Resources issues
that can be lost
through earthworks etc
Waste management concerns
especially solid
and effluent in the
camp site.
Occupational
Safety and Health
concerns for the
work force
Construction
Direct
Irreversible
Construction
Indirect
Reversible
XXX
Construction
Direct
Irreversible
XXXX
Construction
Indirect
Irreversible
XXX
17
18
19.
20
21.
HIV/AIDS
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68
Project Activities
Project Phase
Nature of Impact
Direct
Indirect
Permanency of Impact
Reversible
Irreversible
Magnitude of the
Impact
H
M
L N
Duration of Impact
L
M
S
Overall
Impact
22.
Gender Mainstreaming
Construction
Indirect
Reversible
23.
Lost cultivation
opportunities
Construction
phase
Direct
Reversible
24.
Uptake of land
areas (NFA areas,
Prisons areas etc)
Construction
phase
Direct
Irreversible
XXX
25.
Interference with
the NARO Animal
Research Centre
Construction and
Operational phases
Direct
Irreversible
XXX
26.
Operational phase
Indirect
Irreversible
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
7.3
69
Positive Impacts
Reduced noise levels from trucks across the Town centre from heavy transit traffic;
7.4
Once the road is constructed, a total paved area of about 13300x7m2 will be
produced and this will be impervious to the water. If not well managed, the runoff generated can lead to flooding of low lying areas such as around CoCa-Cola
and Farm areas of Mbarara ZARDI Farm. This will be medium negative impact.
Mitigation measures
This is to be mitigated by installing culverts of appropriate diameters
across such points. The Design Consultant is to take up this measure
and integrate it into the overall project Design.
7.4.3 Erosion and Sedimentation
Soil erosion can be expected from areas where the soil is disturbed and exposed
to runoff especially on roads that collect water and do not have enough side
drainage to handle storm waters. Clearing of vegetation cover during clearing
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
70
and grubbing of the road reserve and cut and fill operations for widening the
road, construction of bridges, culverts and site drains, detours for collecting
construction materials from quarries/borrow areas will expose soils during
rainy seasons and may result in incremental soil erosion and sedimentation of
river courses. Increased erosion during and after construction may lead to siltation of streams.
Erosion levels can also be monitored during the operation phase and remedial
mitigation measures such as bank protection, slope stabilization especially at
box culvert bridges can be improved by building gabion walls and concrete retaining walls as necessary. Tree planting can stabilize less steep slopes. Revegetation will be done where bare soil is created due to construction works.
7.4.4
7.4.5
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Mitigation Measures
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72
7.4.8
Adequate, fair, and prompt compensation and resettlement of communities through the RAP process;
Communicating to the PAPs early enough on the schedules of the
project so that, they can adjust on a number of their plans as well as
identify alternate schools for their children; and
Furthermore, the RAP should define mechanisms for the Resettlement of some of the PAPs as their needs my demand. The demands
and needs of the PAPs may differ and therefore, the Resettlement
process should be responsive to the extent, possible to the prevailing
needs of the beneficiaries/PAPS.
Mitigation measures
Water access related impacts can be minimized by requiring the contractor to
make his own arrangements for water supply which will not affect the rights
of others, and to provide an alternative supply if interference does occur.
7.4.10 Noise and Vibration Impacts
Noise and vibration result from construction activities in general but particularly from operation of heavy machinery. Other operations generating significant noise include concrete mixing plants, blasting in areas of rock excavation
and stone crushing. Sustained noise levels during construction are expected to
be much higher than the ambient noise level in the project area. Noise and vibration stemming from the construction can be featured by its suddenness, random, discontinuity and high intensity. The Contractor is required to strengthen
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
73
the management and mitigate such sound sources resulting from the construction activities as material transportation, knocking, striking and shouting, etc.
during the construction, by means of rational execution and intensified management. The influence area of vibration is within 20 meters from the roadsides. The heavy plant equipment shall not be permitted during the night near
the residential quarters.
Mitigation Measures Proposed will include:
There are concerns with regard to noise from equipment which is likely
to be a nuisance to the public and the nearby institutions. To address
noise concerns, it is proposed that, the project could provide for screening off roadside residences through tree planting;
Mitigation Measures
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The cut to spoil materials should be stored and used in borrow pit and
other restoration activities;
No dumping of such materials should be encouraged along the road
especially at the road reserve areas;
The Contractor will have to acquire dump sites where the cut to spoil
materials will be deposited. No dumping of such material should be
done in wetlands or other ecological sites; and
There should be consent with the local authorities to the effect that
some of the act to spoil could be used in restoration of some sites in
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76
In order to minimize the negative social behaviours, it is recommended that, where necessary and feasible, the local labour force
from within the immediate communities should be recruited to minimize housing pressures as well as, social conflicts in the communities;
For purposes of recruiting the local labour force, the contractor
should work closely with are local council leadership to identify suitable persons for employment. In addition, the contractor needs to
liaise with the Mbarara District and Mbarara Municipal Labour Officers on matters of local labour recruitment arrangements;
The contractor should put in place, a Project Labour Force Policy to
address all matters relating recruitment and disciplinary measures for
the workers; and
The contractor needs to work closely with the existing law enforcement agencies in the areas of the project (Local Councils and the police) to help address potential issues of crime in the project.
With regard to protecting peoples health from environmental risk and pollution through a number of measures such as; routine sprinkling of water
on dust surfaces to suppress dust, availing workers with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as masks, helmets, hand gloves, boots and ear
muffs. There are concerns with regard to noise from equipment which is
likely to be a nuisance to the public institutions (e.g. school and health
centres). To address noise concerns, the project should provide some form
of screening by tree planting and where noise nuisance may be of large
impact, a barrier wall could be erected to seal off the road especially in
school settings;
Trucks carrying fine construction materials (sand, lime, gravel and soils)
that can easily be blown by wind should be covered with tarpaulins; and
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
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Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
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The Contractor should have a clear plan on how to manage the project waste and general cleanliness in the camp site and the project
generally;
It is important to have in the camp site measures to recover and reuse
some of the waste generated;
separate toilet facilities for males and females and these be clearly
marked with standard signs;
There should routine cleaning of the camp site and its associated facilities such as toilets and bath areas;
The workers responsible for cleaning given areas like toilets should
be availed appropriate wear (hand gloves, boots etc for those scrubbing toilets);
In addition, storage of used oils should be undertaken is a facility
specially designed to store hazardous waste. The facility should be licensed by NEMA. Transportation of used oils should be undertaken
by a NEMA licensed transporter to a facility licensed by NEMA for
storage or disposal of such waste.
For other hazardous waste such as old car batteries they should be reexported to the suppliers for proper disposal measures rather than
disposing them within the vicinity of the project;
There should clearly marked out containers for collecting used/waste
oils and should be picked and disposed off by the suppliers;
Areas of servicing construction fleet should be paved with provisions
for managing accidental spills; and
There is need to acquire a dump site for the disposal of any excess
excavated soils and associated wastes that are not likely to be re-used
in the road project. Such a site has to be approved by the RE and
should be in wetland or forest areas.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
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There should be gender sensitivity in the camp site with respect to facilities (toilets and bath shelters); and
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
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The project Implementation is done in close collaboration with the police to help manage traffic flow.
Mitigation measures
It is recommended that:
UNRA should liaise with all utility/service providers along the project
road of all the planned road works/programme at the earliest possible
time to enable them plan for the relocation of such utilities;
Service providers and owners of the utilities should provide detail information and location maps of their properties in the ROW to enable
the contractor take the necessary precautions;
A clause should be included in the construction contract which requires the contractor to specify, in the detailed construction programme prepared during the mobilization period, the earliest dates on
which construction works will commence in each town where services
relocation may be required. UNRA should then notify the appropriate
authorities of the relevant dates, and request completion of relocation
works before those dates; and
A clause should be included in the construction contract which makes
the contractor liable for any damage to services resulting from his or
his subcontractors' actions. Any damage caused to services by the
contractor or subcontractors should be made good without delay at
the contractor's cost.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
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Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
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Mitigation measures
Drivers, pedestrians and livestock will gradually become accustomed
to the increased traffic and vehicle speeds, and it is likely that the
number of accidents will show some decrease after being at a relatively high level in the early months of operation;
It is very difficult to see that any physical measures can be taken
which will effectively reduce the accident rate, since the problems are
essentially related to driver behaviour and level of competence. In the
long term, better driver training and a requirement for higher standards of competence to be achieved before licenses are granted, together with the introduction of mobile police patrols would be expected to have some effect, but it is unlikely that these will be introduced in the near future;
Traffic signs should be posted at accident prone sites; and maintained
and supervised regularly by UNRA officials in the project areas of
Mbarara the local administration; and
On the other hand, the traffic police shall ensure the provision and
observance of such safety measures and enforcement of traffic regulations.
7.4.26 Impacts due to Quarry development
The contractor(s) will require large quantities of stone for various construction
activities on the road. Stones will require mainly for base course construction
and surfacing aspects. Though the feasibility study has come with potential
sites for the extraction of stone materials, this ESIA has not undertaken detailed
assessments on such sites. The process of stone extraction as well as establishing access routes can have adverse negative impacts on both bio-physical and
social environment.
Mitigation measures
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
83
agement challenges with reference to cut to spoil materials experienced on most of the road projects;
The dumping of cut to spoil in wetlands or valleys under the authority
of the communities should not be allowed as this is a tendency where
wetlands and valleys are to be reclaimed for use by the communities;
No dumping of such materials should be undertaken along the road
the reserve areas of either the project or, other roads in the vicinity of
the project;
Where need be, the Contractor will have to acquire dump sites for the
disposal of the cut to spoil materials; and
Experience has shown that, sometimes the communities request Contractor to dump cut to spoil in some areas e.g. wetlands, valleys yet
their long term objective is to reclaim such sites for their use. It is
here stressed that, the RE should therefore not allow such practices
by the Contractor.
Location of the asphalt plants should take into consideration environmental and social considerations addressed in a Project Brief in
line with the NEA and such sites should be leased from the landlords; and
The contractor should ensure that work area around the asphalt plant
is kept clean and all spillage of asphalt is routinely removed; and
There should be proper designs for the operational area for the Asphalt processing, its storage as well as for other inputs.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
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That can cause inconvenience to the occupants of facilities and the following
measures are proposed:
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
85
Project
Component
Activities
01.
Route
Surveying and
mapping
Clearing
of
roadside vegetation
and
marking of km
chainages.
Visual intrusion
from paint markings and anxiety
on the part of the
communities.
02,
Clearing and
construction
of the road
pavement
will lead to
flooding of
low
lying
areas around
Mbarara
ZARDI Farm
and
Coca
Cola
junction.
Earth works
and clearings
Construction
works
Siltation
and
flooding at Coca
Cola areas
Clearing
of
vegetation and
cutting of areas to attain
the
required
alignments.
Soil
erosion
implications are
likely to be generated
Creation of
coffer dams
for construction of a
Bridge across
R. Ruizi
Creation
of
coffer
dams
for
bridges
reconstruction
will
involve
filling of sec-
Siltation, impact
on water quality
and impacting on
water works in
Ruharo
Water
Works
03.
04.
Impacts
Mitigation Measures
Sensitization of the
communities;
Restricting surveying
and markings to the
road reserve; and
Compensation
for
properties
affected
during the surveying
process.
Designs to provide
for adequate and
appropriate culverts
to facilitate discharge
of flood waters in this
lower section.
Disposal of excess to
spoil in approved
sites by the RE;
Restricting works to
designated areas;
Bench terracing of
hill tops to check soil
erosion;
Planting of vegetation
on open/cleared surfaces.
Materials for backfilling or creation of
coffer dams should be
filled in polythene
bags to reduce loose
soil materials getting
Period
Surveillance
Cost (USD)
Responsible Entity
Frequency
During RAP
and Feasibility studies.
UNRA
Every two
months
Embedded
in the works
contract.
Construction
UNRA
Continuous
To be embedded in
the works
contract.
During construction
Contractor
Continuous
Embedded
in the works
contract.
Construction
SLRA/Supervising
Engineer
Monthly
Costs in the
works contract.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
No.
Project
Component
Activities
Impacts
tions of the
River at the
crossing point.
05.
Clearing,
earthworks
and construction
06.
Clearing,
grabbing and
earth works.
07.
08.
Earthworks
will generally
generate dust
that affects
visibility and
general
air
quality levels.
Land
and
Property
Expropriation
Impacts
Clearing and
grabbing and
general layout
works
will
involve landtake
in
Rwemitongore
Central Forest
Reserve
Earth works
will likely take
up parts of the
banana plantation in the
areas of Ruti
(300-500m
part).
Loss of tree
crops, biodiversity and lost
carbon sequestration potential.
Air
quality
concerns
Surveying and
evaluation of
properties and
lands.
Lost revenue to
the farmer over
due to uptake of
a portion of banana plantation.
Mitigation Measures
Period
Compensation
for
lost banana shamba
portion;
Notification of the
farmers to harvest the
crop in that part of
the shamba;
Cleared bananas can
be used as mulch on
the remaining parts of
plantation
.
Regular sprinkling of
water to suppress
dust; and
Provision of PPEs to
the road workers etc
86
Surveillance
Cost (USD)
Responsible Entity
Frequency
Construction
UNRA
Continuous
70,000
Construction
Supervising
Consultant/UNRA
Continuous
Embedded
in
RAP
Report
Continuous
Supervising
Consultant/UNRA
Continuous
Embedded
in
works
contract.
Three years
UNRA
Monthly
Costs
in
RAP document
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
No.
Project
Component
Activities
Impacts
Mitigation Measures
Period
Evidence of agreements
with landowners on the
creation of deviations;
87
Surveillance
Cost (USD)
Responsible Entity
Frequency
UNRA
Quarterly
Costs
in
Works contracts.
Construction
phase
UNRA/Supervising
Consultant
Continuous
Embedded
in
works
contract.
09.
Extraction of
construction
materials
(sand, murram etc)
Clearing
of
over-burden
and vegetation
materials.
10.
Construction
works across
sections
of
the highway
(KaseseMbarara
at
Ruharo areas,
Coca
Cola
Junction and
MbararaKabale Junc-
Construction
works across
these sections
will
affect
traffic
flow
and even diversion
to
allow for machine works.
Creation of deviation
routes
that will likely
take up land;
Construction
works will likely
cause
traffic
holdings to allow
smooth
flow
across such sections.
Record of
created;
deviations
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
No.
Project
Component
Activities
Impacts
tion at Ruti
areas) will all
affect traffic
flow at these
sections.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Mitigation Measures
across construction
sections; and
Operation of
plant
and
equipment as
well as activities of the
project work
force.
Earth works
and clearings
Clearing
of
vegetation and
cutting of areas to attain
the
required
alignments.
Noise pollution
from equipment
and the workers
which will be a
nuisance.
Generation
of
cut to spoil materials
Construction
of roadside
drains
and
discharge
channel.
Creation
of
roadside
drainage channels along the
road sections.
Hindered access
to
homesteads
due to the depth
of the ditches
created along the
road.
Mobilization
of workers
Influx of people
in search of jobs
Period
88
Surveillance
Cost (USD)
Responsible Entity
Frequency
Construction
UNRA/NEMA/DEO
Monthly
Works contract
During construction
Contractor
Continuous
Embedded
in the works
contract.
Construction
period
UNRA
Quarterly
In
works
contract.
Continuous
UNRA
Continuous
Embedded
in
works
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
No.
Project
Component
Activities
opportunities
likely to flock
to the area.
15.
16.
Public health
and human
safety in the
project
Storage and
dispensing of
fuel
Operations of
the fuel/diesel
pump facility
Impacts
likely to cause
social conflicts
and crime increase.
Concerns
on
health and safety
of the workforce
are likely to
arise.
Mitigation Measures
Period
89
Surveillance
Responsible Entity
Cost (USD)
Frequency
contract.
Measures on how to
handle waste instituted;
Areas for smoking designated;
Designate
specific
areas for smoking;
Accommodation
for
workers certified by the
health inspectors.
Construction
Health Inspectors,
NEMA, DEO and
UNRA
Continuous
Embedded
in
works
contract.
Continuous
NEMA/Supervising
consultant
Continuous
Integrated in
the works
contract.
Adequate facilities in
place for the workers;
Adequate and appropriate accommodation facilities be put
in place; and
Concerns over
oil/fuel spillages
from fuel pump
areas and workshop areas of the
project.
Routine cleanliness
of
Contractor(s)facilities
e.g.
toilets etc.
Areas where fuels
and lubricants are
stored be paved and
of standard types;
Standby fire fighting
equipment in place
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
No.
Project
Component
Activities
Impacts
Mitigation Measures
Period
90
Surveillance
Cost (USD)
Responsible Entity
Frequency
Continuous
Health
Inspectors
from
the
areas/Supervising
Consultant/NEMA
Continuous
Integrated
into
the
works contracts.
Continuous
UNRA/Supervising
Consultant
Continuous
35,000
Generation of
waste from
the camp site
and
sites
where works
are
undertaken
Operations of
the camp site
are like to
generate office
and domestic
waste of varying degrees.
Pollutions and
disease concerns.
Putting in place
waste collection
bins in strategic
positions in the
compounds.
Hazardous
wastes
such used oils, lubricants, old batteries
and tyres be recollected by their suppliers.
Waste in terms
of solid waste
such as polythene
bags,
effluent waste
etc.
18.
Influx
of
people
in
search of jobs
can generate
a number of
social
concerns on the
project.
The
youth
unemployment
is estimated at
60% and information
about
job
prospects on
the project will
likely draw a
number
of
people from
near and far
into the project
areas.
HIV/AIDS and
STI/STD incidences
will
likely rise from
the
estimated
1.3% for the two
districts.
Number of employees
dedicated to maintenance of camp site
cleanliness and hygiene;
Presence of waste collection facilities e.g. bins
located in strategic
places in the campsite.
Copies of evidence of
agreements with suppliers of tyres, batteries
showing their commitment to pick the used
items.
An HIV/AIDS Service
Provider in place;
HIV/AIDS and STI/STD
sensitization programme
in place;
Number of HIV/AIDS
and STI/STD seminars
held.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
No.
19.
Project
Component
Activities
The project
will employ
an estimated
400-600
workers and a
majority being men
Workers will
be needed in
most of the
manual
and
machine based
project activities and most
of these will
be
done
largely
by
women.
Impacts
Mitigation Measures
Potential
marginalization of a
few women who
may gain employment in the
project (Gender
Mainstreaming)
It is suggested that,
about 30% of the
workforce will be
allocated to women;
There should be gender sensitivity in
allocation of tasks to
encourage
women
involvement in the
project;
Period
91
Surveillance
Cost (USD)
Responsible Entity
Frequency
Continuous
Supervising
Consultant/ UNRA
Continuous
30,000
Quarterly
UNRA/Supervising
Consultant
Continuous
30,000
Continuous
Supervising
Consultant/NEMA
Continuous
Built in the
contract sum
A gender Specialist to
conduct gender sensitization recruited by the
project.
20.
Road Safety
21.
Asphalt plant
operations
Construction
based activities will likely
involve
a
number
of
equipment and
construction
fleet on the
road.
Processing of
asphalt
through heating.
Incidence
accidents
likely rise.
of
will
Generation
of
bad odours and
cause
atmospheric pollution.
Employment of a
Gender/Social Specialist on the project
to oversee gender
issues in the project.
The project procures
services of Road
Safety campaigner to
conduct sensitization
campaigns of safety
aspects of the road be
put in place.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
No.
Project
Component
22.
Safety
workers
of
23.
Generation of
waste from
the camp site
and
sites
where works
are
undertaken
24.
Activities
Impacts
Mitigation Measures
Period
92
Surveillance
Cost (USD)
Responsible Entity
Frequency
Construction
Supervising consultant
Continuous
Embedded
in the works
contract
Number of employees
dedicated to maintenance of camp site
cleanliness and hygiene;
Presence of waste collection facilities e.g. bins
located in strategic
places in the campsite.
Copies of evidence of
agreements with suppliers of tyres, batteries
showing their commitment to pick the used
items.
Paved storage areas
around the fuel pump;
Fire fighting equipment
in place;
Oil interceptor in place.
Continuous
Health
Inspectors
from
the
areas/Supervising
Consultant/NEMA
Continuous
Integrated
into
the
works contracts.
Continuous
NEMA/Supervising
consultant
Continuous
Integrated in
the works
contract.
Exposure
to
different project work environment.
Operations of
the camp site
are like to
generate office
and domestic
waste of varying degrees.
Waste in terms
of solid waste
such as polythene
bags,
effluent waste
etc.
Accidents
and
related
work
risks
Pollutions and
disease concerns.
Putting in place
waste collection
bins in strategic
positions in the
compounds.
Storage and
dispensing of
fuel
Operations of
the fuel/diesel
pump facility
Concerns over
oil/fuel spillages
from fuel pump
areas and workshop areas of the
project.
25.
Earthworks
Disruption of
public utilities
(water, electricity
and
telephone
lines)
Modalities of payments
for utility relocation in
place.
Construction
Supervising
neer
Engi-
Continuous
Embedded
in the costs
for
works
contract
26.
Clearing,
Earth
Interruption in
delivery of public services such
water and telephone communication and electricity supply
Potential loss of
Compensation
Budget
Continuous
Supervising
Con-
Continuous
10,000
works
for
for
roadside
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
No.
Project
Component
Activities
grabbing and
earth works.
will
likely
impact on the
roadside vegetation
Impacts
Mitigation Measures
lost trees;
Compensatory
tree
planting;
Restrict works to only
desired sections to
minimize loss of
vegetation.
Period
93
Surveillance
Responsible Entity
Cost (USD)
Frequency
sultant/UNRA
175,000
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
94
Responsible Agency
MGLSD
MOWT,
UNRA
District and Local authorities
Local and Women council
Contractors
CDOs
UNRA
Contractors
MoWT
Development Partner
Development Partner
Contractor
Contractors
UNRA
District and local leaders
Women council
NGOS
Development partners
UNRA
Contractors
Local government
NGOs
UNRA,
Contractors
District and local leaders
Women council
Development partners d
NGOS
UNRA,
Contractors
District and local leaders
Women council
Development partners d
NGOS
PLWHA
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Potential Impact
minimise the creation of mosquito breeding areas - open ditches and stagnant water
educate all workers about the measures
for mitigating malaria transmission,
Equip health centres around the construction sites and works camp
For workers
Road accidents
95
Contractors
Ministry of Health
District Medical officers
Community health workers
Contractors
Ministry of Health
District medical officers
MGLSD
Local government
MoWT
UNRA
Uganda Safety Council
Traffic Police
Uganda Bureau of Standards
Local leaders
NGOs- Arrive Alive
Contractors
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Potential Impact
Increasing accidents affecting
women, children, elderly and
PWDS
96
Responsible Agency
MoWT
UNRA
Uganda Safety Council
Traffic Police
Uganda Bureau of Standards
Local leaders
NGOs- Arrive Alive
Contractors
Contractors
Central and District government
UNRA
Development Partners
Local leaders
Contractors
UNRA
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
97
Contractor
Ministry of Ethics
Districts and local authorities
Contractor
Contractor
Local leaders
UNRA
Contractors
Local and women councils
Probation officers
NGOS
Contractor
UNRA
Development partner
Local government
Contractor
Development partner
Local government
Contractor
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
8.1
Overview
98
The monitoring programme for the present project will be undertaken to meet the following
objectives. To:
check whether the proposed mitigation and benefit enhancement measures have actually been adopted, and are effectively put into practice;
provide a means whereby any impacts which were subject to uncertainty at the time of
preparation of the ESIA, or which were unforeseen, can be identified;
provide a basis for formulating appropriate additional impact control measures; and
provide information on the actual nature and extent of key impacts and the effectiveness of mitigation and benefit enhancement measures which, through the projects
feedback mechanism, can improve the planning and execution of future and similar
projects.
Compliance monitoring is usually given more emphasis in the case of road projects because
most impact control measures are incorporated in the project designs and contract documents. In such cases, the extent to which recommendations on such items as set out in the
ESIA are complied with plays a major part in determining the overall environmental performance of the project.
8.2
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
99
Confirming that the appropriate environmental protection clauses have been included
in the contract documents to allow control of actions by the Contractor which are potentially damaging to the environment; and
Checking whether the project designs and specifications incorporate appropriate measures to minimize negative impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts.
Review of the Contractors plans, method statements, temporary works designs, and
arrangements relating to obtaining necessary approvals from the Engineer, so as to ensure that environmental protection measures specified in the contract documents are
adopted, and that the Contractors proposals provide an acceptable level of impact control; and
Systematic observation on a day-to-day basis of all site activities and the Contractors
offsite facilities including quarry and borrow areas, as a check that the contract requirements relating to environmental matters are in fact being complied with, and that
no impacts foreseen and unforeseen are occurring.
These activities will be fully integrated with other construction supervision and monitoring
activities carried out by the construction supervision consultant. Primary responsibility for
ensuring that an adequate level of environmental monitoring is carried out will lie with the
Supervising Consultant/Resident Engineer (RE), as part of his duties connected with general site supervision. Actual monitoring on a day-today basis will be carried out by the site
staff from the construction supervision consultant, under the direction of the RE.
The majority of monitoring will comprise visual observations, carried out at the same time
as the engineering monitoring activities. Site inspections will take place with emphasis on
early identification of any environmental problems and the initiation of suitable remedial
action. Where remedial actions have been required on the part of the Contractor, further
checks will need to be made to ensure that these are actually being implemented to the
agreed schedule and in the required form.
Monthly reports prepared by the RE should contain a section referring to environmental
matters, which summarizes the results of site monitoring, remedial actions, which have
been initiated, and whether or not the resultant action is having the desired result. The report will also identify any unforeseen environmental problems and will recommend suitable additional actions. Progress meetings with the Contractor will also include a review of
environmental aspects. In addition to visual observation, it is particularly important that
monitoring should also include limited informal questioning of people and local community leaders who live near to the project areas since they may be aware of matters which are
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass 100
unsatisfactory, but which may not be readily apparent or recognized during normal site inspection visits.
Prior to the commencement of construction, the RE his/her Environmental Specialist will
develop environmental inspection checklists for site use and it will facilitate systematic
monitoring and recording. These may require modification in the light of site experience,
and it is recommended that a review of their adequacy and ease of use should be carried out
approximately 3 months after the commencement of works.
It is proposed that, the monitoring program could be based on project ESMP and NEMA
Approval conditions for the project as well as other national Specifications for road projects provided by UNRA.
8.2.3
Environmental Monitoring Indicators
Some of the monitoring indicators amongst others to be monitored are:
Soil erosion and sedimentation control measures put in place by the Contractor;
Number of trees planted on the road reserve areas;
Hectares of areas planted with grass as part of re-vegetation programme;
Number of rehabilitated and graded sites at quarries, borrow pits, at steep slopes;
Gender mainstreaming i.e. involvement of women in the project activities,
HIV/AIDS Sensitization Programme put in place;
Volume of spoil disposed into approved locations (which should be outside the road
reserves);
Dust suppression measures instituted and implemented by the Contractor;
Traffic control measures put in place during construction phase of the project;
Contractor noise control measures put in place and operationalized;
Number of PAPs resettled and compensated;
PPE procured by the Contractor; and
Records of workers issued with the PPEs materials.
The monitoring program is to be based on ESMPs and NEMA Approval conditions for the
project as well as on the Specifications for Roads that relate to Environment, Occupational
Safety and Health, Gender and HIV/AIDS and other cross cutting issues.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass 101
Environmental/Social
Issue
Monitoring Indicators
Monitoring Activities
to be undertaken
01.
Preconstruction issues
(Surveying etc).
Checking records
02.
Frequency of Monitoring
Embedded in
ESIA costs
Inspection of RAP
documentation process
Quarterly
15,000 USD
Regularly
10,000 USD
Resident Engineer
Weekly
Embedded in the
BoQs for the project.
Inspection
Monthly
Embedded in the
BoQs for works
contracts.
Resident Engineer
Quarterly
03.
04.
05.
06.
Management of cut to
spoil in which, cut to spoil
is sometimes deposited in
swamps, forests on used
for reclaiming sites.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass 102
No.
Environmental/Social
Issue
Monitoring Indicators
Monitoring Activities
to be undertaken
Frequency of Monitoring
07.
Resident Engineer
Document reviews
Monthly
To be embedded
in the project
BoQs for the
works.
08.
Resident Engineer
Site inspections
Regularly
10.
Resident Engineer,
DEOs, Municipal Public
Health UNRA
Site inspections
Regularly
11.
Tree planting
Forestry staff
Inspection of trees
planted
Quarterly
10,000 USD
12.
Document reviews
Monthly
Embedded in the
contract for
works.
13.
Site inspection
Monthly
To be embedded
in the BoQs for
works in the Contractor rates.
14.
HIV/AIDS Interventions
mainstreaming
Resident Engineer/UNRA
Records reviews
Monthly
15,000 USD
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass 103
No.
Environmental/Social
Issue
Monitoring Indicators
Monitoring Activities
to be undertaken
Frequency of Monitoring
tion in place
15.
Gender Mainstreaming
16.
19.
Resident Engineer,
UNRA, MGLSD
Records reviews
Monthly
15,000 USD
Document reviews
Monthly
10,000USD
Resident Engineer
Quarterly
75,000
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass 104
Cost (USD)
35,000
30,000
70,000
10,000
45,000
75,000
20,000
10,000
295,000
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass 105
9.1
Institutional Requirements
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass 106
monitored and supervised by UNRA Environmental Unit. As such, the Contractor should also prepare his own ESMP for each sub-project.
In the schedule of works, the Contractor must include all proposed mitigation
measures, and the Supervising Engineers should also ensure that the schedules
and monitoring plans are complied with. This will lend a sense of ownership to
the Contractor. Diligence on the part of the Contractor and proper supervision
during both the construction and defects liability period are crucial to the success of mitigating impacts.
The Contractor on their part will be responsible for planning, implementing and
reporting on mitigation measures during the execution of the project works.
The Contractor will also be required to apply standard quality assurance procedures in full compliance with the NEMA ESIA Approval Permit for this ESIA.
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
107
References
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
108
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
109
69 NEMA, 2003. New Guidelines for Decentralised Environment and Natural Resources
Management. Uganda
70 NEMA, 2003. The National Environment (Conduct and Certification of Environmental
71 UBOS, 2006. National Household Survey, 2004/5.
72 UBOS, April 2005. 2002 Uganda Population and Housing census.
73 UBOS, November 2003. Report on the Labour Force Survey from the Uganda National
Household Survey, 2002/03.
74 UAC, National AIDS Policy (2006)
75 UNDP and MFPED, 2008. Millennium Development Goals Progress Report, Uganda.
76 UNDP, 2007. Human Development Report 2006,
77 Nyakayojo Sub-County Approved three Year Development Plan, 2007/8 t0 2009/2010
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
110
General Information
Questionnaire Number
Interview start time ...Interview finish time.
Name of interviewer
Name of the Study zone..
Name of the sub location
Sub-county.
Parish .
Village..
1.1.6 Date of the survey
03) Daughter
04) Son
Male
Children
Adults
2.9 Do you have vulnerable person(s) in this household? e.g. (tick the appropriate)
01) PWDs
02) Orphan
03) Elderly
04) School drop outs
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
111
03) None
2.10 Marital status of the respondent:
01) Married 02) Single 03) Divorced
04) Widowed
PART 3: Education
3.1 What is the highest level of Formal education attained by the household head?
01) Primary
05) None
3.2 How many persons in this household can read and write?
01) None 02) 1-2
03) 2-4
04) 4+
03) 2 -5
04) 5+
03) 2 -5 04) 5+
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
112
01) Yes
02) No
4.4 Give the gender of the owner of the business 01) Female
02) Male
PART 5: Employment
5.1 What is the main occupation of household head? (circle as appropriate)
01) Technical / professional / managerial
02) Casual labourer
03) Formal trader (with a shop)
04) Farmer
05) Informal trader (stall at the road side 06) Transport /boda boda
07) Civil servant
08) Other (Specify)
5.2 During the last 6 months, have you been engaged in informal employment?
01) Yes
02) No
5.3 During the last season did the household employ any non-household labour on farm
01) Yes
02) No
PART 6: Ownership and Access to Land
6.1 Does the household own land 01) Yes
02) No (if no go to part 7)
6.2 If yes, what is type of land tenure system / ownership?
01) Mailo 02) Lease hold 03) Customary land 04) Squatter /tenant
05) Other (specify).
6.3 How many acres of land is owned by the household?
01) < 1
02) 1 -2
03) 2 5 04) 5+
6.4 How much of the land is being cultivated? (Acres)
01) < 1
02) 1 -2
03) 2 5 04) 5+
6.5 Does the wife own and have access to household land
01) Yes
02) No
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
113
03) wife
02) No
8.3 What precautions have you taken to ensure that there is enough food for your family
throughout the year?
01) Food stored
02) Change in livestock mix
03) Change in crop mix
8.4 What are the main food crops grown in this area?
01) Bananas 02) Irish potatoes 03) Beans
04) Vegetables
05) Sweet potatoes
06) Millet
07) Sorghum
08) Other (Specify)
8.5 Have you received any agricultural extension services during the last two seasons?
01) Yes
02) No
8.6 Did the household use any of the following modern inputs during the last season?
01) Improved seeds
02) Fertilizers
03) Improved breeds of cattle
04) Tractor
8.7 Do you expect any increase in food prices and productivity with improved road?
01) Yes
02) No
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
01) Beans
5) Coffee
08) Bananas
114
02) Vegetables
03) Irish potatoes 04) Sweet potatoes
06) Commercial trees 07) Maize
09) Fruits
10) Other (Specify)..
Acreage
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
Quantity
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
9.4 How much do you earn per year from these crops?
01) Less than 100,000
02) 100,000 500,000
03) 500,000 1,000,000 04) 1,000,000 2,000,000
05) 2,000,000 and above
9.5 What is the distance to the market where you sell your products? State in Km
01) less than 1 02) 1 4 03) 4 -7
04) 7+
9.6 How to you transport your products to the market/collection centre
01) Truck
02) Motorcycle 03) Bicycle 04) Animal cart
05) Head loading
9.7 Who transports these products regularly to the market?
01) Male adult02) Female adult 03) Male child
04) Female child
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
115
Cattle
Goat
Chicken
Products marketed
Quantity
marketed
Unit price
01)Milk
02)Skin and hides
03)Meat
04) Other (specify
.
01)Milk
02)Skin and hides
03)Meat
04) Other (specify..
.
Eggs
01) Mutton
02) Wool
03) Other (specify)..
01) Pork
02) Other (specify)..
Sheep
Pig
Other (specify)
10.5
How do you transport the livestock to the market, who transports it and what is the distance?
Livestock type
Cattle
Sheep
Pig
Chicken
Goat
Other (specify).
Mode of transport
used (see key under
the table)
Distance to markets
1= 0 - 5
2= 5 10
3= 10+
Who transports
regularly
1= Female adult
2= Male Child
3= Male adult
4= Female child
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
1) Truck
2) Motorcycle
PART 11:
3) Bicycle
4) Animal cart
5) Head loading
Means of
transport
used (see key
under the
table)
Quantity
transported
per year
Unit
price
Distance to
markets
1= 0 - 5
2= 5 10
3= 10+
Fertilizers (Kg)
Manure (Kg)
Fodder (bundle)
Water (Litre)
1) Truck
116
2) Motorcycle
3) Bicycle
4) Animal cart
5) Head loading
Used for
Transport of
farm produce
Family
transport
Business
(Transport)
Other
Motor vehicle
Motorcycle
Bicycle
Animal cart
Wheel barrow
Hand cart
Used by
Male adult
Motor vehicle
Motorcycle
Bicycle
Animal cart
Wheel barrow
Hand cart
Female adult
Male child
Female child
117
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
12.3 How do you rank the following means of transport in regard to household farming activities?
Means of Transport
Very useful
Useful
Less useful
Not useful
Motor vehicle
Motorcycle
Bicycle
Animal chat
Wheel barrow
Hand cart
12.4 If household does not own any means of transport, what is the reason?
1) Too expensive
2) Have no need for means of transport 3) Easier to hire when need
arises
4) Other (specify)..
PART 13:
Health Services
02) No
13.3 What is the distance (specify km or travel time) from household to the nearest social facility?
Social facility
Shopping Centre
Market
Administrative centre
Maternity centre
Family Planning service centre
Distance (Km)
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
1 -5
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
5 -10
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
10 - 15
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
13.4 Have you received any immunization services in the last six months?
01) Yes
02) No
13.5 Have you completed your immunization vaccines?
01) Yes
02) No
13.6 Are you visited by a community health worker? 01) Yes
13.7 How often do they visit the community?
01) Once a month
02) Twice a month
04) Twice a year
05) Never
02) No
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
1) Yes
118
2) No
04)
13.13 According to you what are some of the STDs common in your area?
1) Syplis
2) Gonorrhoea
3) HIV/AIDS
4) Others (specify)
13.14 According to you, what are the major causes of HIV/AIDS in your sub county?
1) Irresponsible sexual behaviour
2) Blood transfusion
3) Sharing of sharp instruments such as syringes, razorblades etc
4) Mother to child transfusion
5) Others
6) Dont know.
13.15 Do you have any member(s) of your household with chronic diseases?
01) Yes
02) No
PART 14:
Water Services
14.1 Please state all main sources from which your household collects water for domestic use?
01) Gravity/ Communal tap 02) Borehole
03) Protected spring
04) Valley dam
05) Unprotected spring
06) Shallow well
07) others
14.2 What is the distance to the nearest source of safe drinking water?
Source type.km.
01) Less than 1
02) 1- 2
03) 3 5 04) 5+
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
119
PART 15:
4) Chlorine
Source Of Energy
14.4 How many trips are made to collect fuel wood per week?
01) 1 3
02) 3 5
03) 5+
02) 1 - 3
03)3 - 5 04) 5+
03) Same
16.4 What do you consider to be the most positive impact/benefits that this project (Mbarara
bypass) will bring to your household?
01)
02)
03)
04)
05)
Employment opportunity
Improve access to social services
Increase agricultural productivity
Improve transport services
Other (specify)..
16.5 What do you consider to be the negative impact that the improved road will bring about to
your household?
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
01)
02)
03)
04)
05)
06)
120
Accidents
Increase spread of diseases
Displacement of some people
Robbery
Destruction of some natural resources/environment
Other (specify)
16.6 What is your opinion regarding opportunities for promoting positive socio-economic development along the road corridor?
01)
02)
03)
04)
05)
PART 17:
Leadership
01) Yes
02) No
17.2 Have you and your family been assisted by any support programmes?
01) Yes
02) No
17.3 If yes, give names of the organization and type of assistance currently given.
Organization
Type of support
01)
01)
02)
02).
03)
03)..
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
NYARUBANGA PARISH
KAKOMA PARISH
Cells
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Butagatsi Cell
Makenke Cell
Nyakabungo Cell
Nyakiziba Cell
Rwenbuyenje Cell
Kacence Cell
Nyarubanga Cell
Kafunjo Cell
Stock Farm Cell
Kakoma Cell
Kyarwabuganda Cell
Katebe Cell
Kempungu Cell
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
RWAMIGINA PARISH
BANUTSYA PARISH
BANUTSYA PARISH
1. Akashengye Cell
2. Kagorogoro Cell
3. Rukiri Cell
4. Keitambwa Cell
5. Bunutangire Cell
6. Kyahi Cell
121
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
122
No. Households
920
850
200
180
80
150
250
16
8
386
2: Kabagarame & Koronorya
Carpentry workshops
4
Metal workshop
1
Bakeries
3
Crafts Workshops
1
Milk Collecting Centres
3
Grain milling Machine
2
Coca-Cola Industry
1
NAADS Coordinator, Kakiika Sub-County
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
123
ROADS Network
Bitumen:27km
Gravel: 6km
Community Access:23km
Health Status
Water Coverage
22 Bore holes
3 shallow wells
3 Unit Protected Spring
3 Institution rain water tanks i.e. Kyahi Primary
School, Rwebishuri Primary School and Katebe Primary School.
3 water dams (Kakoma)
50 household water tanks (roof harvested)
Education:
124
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Women
Men
14
24
15
Bwenkoma TC
37
15
22
Nyakanoni
34
18
16
Nyakanoni A & B
Kafunyo PS
75
33
50
12
25
21
84
33
51
Kakiika Prisons
Kagando A
Ishanyu Paradise
63
30
39
18
24
22
Kyarwabuganda
35
15
20
Rukindo
Kyamugorani- Kacence
62
4
35
2
27
2
Stock Farm
Data
Meeting
Venue
4.1.09
Mbarara Municipality
political leaders and
Technical staff
Kakiika Sub-county
political leaders and
technical Staff
Nyakayojo Subcounty Political and
Technical Staff
Community and
stakeholders meetingsKagando B cell
Community and
Stakeholders
meeting- Kagando A
Cell
Community and
Stakeholders meetingNyakanoni B cell
Household interviews
Local Council Executive and opinion leaders of Nyarubanga
Parishes
Local Council Executive and Opinion leaders of Butagatsi, Nyakabungo and Kacence
cells
Uganda Prisons Services, Mbarara Prisons
Households Interviews
Community and
Stakeholders meeting
for Ishanyu Trading
Centre
Management of Century Bottling LimitedCoco-cola Plant
LC Executive and
Opinion leaders of
Kakoma Parish
Household Interviews
Meeting with Kyamugorani Church of
Uganda and Primary
School
Zonal Agricultural
5.2.09
5.2.09
10.2.09
10.2.09
10.2.09
10. 2.09
11.2.09
11.2.09
11.2.09
11.2.09
12.2.09
12.2.09
12.2.09
12.2.09
13.3.09
13.3.09
125
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Data
13.3.09
13.3.09
14.3.09
14.3.09
16.3.09
17.3.09
17.2.09
18.2.09
18.2.09
Total
Meeting
Number of
Participants
Women
Men
Kagando
30
29
Kacence
Rukindo mosque
103
9
74
29
9
Kafunyo
Kyarwabuganda
Kakiika SC H/Q
65
64
1
33
37
32
27
1
Kakiika SC H/Q
26
26
Nyakayojo SC H/Q
Lubiri Cell
51
19
32
863
474
399
Venue
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
126
Kagando B
Kakiika Cell
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
127
Designation
Remarks
Eng. C. Munyambanza
Mwebaza Naboth
Supervisor of Works,
UNRA-Mbarara Station
The By-pass is welcome but compensate the properties and land to be taken up by the project.
The report should clearly provide feasible mitigation measures for adverse impacts and with a feasible cost for the ESMP.
04.
05.
06.
NEMA Comments
Inconsistency in the dates for the submission of the
ESIS
Consultancy Team to sign in original formats than
scanned signatures
Clarifications on the nature/type of the document
being submitted is it a feasibility report or ESIS
Action by COWI
The dates have been accordingly updated to
May, 2010 on all the top/cover pages
Accordingly signed in original formats
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
129
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Play an interphase role between the project and the stakeholders on matters
of project compliance. These will include liason with NEMA, the Districts
and NGOs amongst others;
130
Feasibility Study, Detailed Design and Supervision of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Northern Corridor Route, Mbarara By-Pass
Facilitate safety campaigns and trainings for the site staff including fire
drills and first aid;
Participate in monthly site meetings and ensure safety issues in the project
get due attention; and
Annex 11 (c):
131