CC D LIU TNH TON THP

Nguyn liu vo ca thp C-02

cu t
C2H6
C3H8
i-C4H10
n-C4H10
i-C5
n-C5
n-C6
n-C7
n-C8
n-C9
n-C10
tng

nng phn lu
lng
mol
(kmol/h)
0.022
18.8141
0.5117
437.1249
0.1258
107.4673
0.1898
162.1536
0.046
39.2879
0.0494
42.1783
0.0337
28.746
0.0154
13.1151
0.0042
3.5605
0.0016
1.4076
0.0004
0.3227
1
854.178

mol

Yu cu tnh cc thng s c bn ca thp thu sn phm c thnh phn (% mol)

- Sn phm nh:
- Sn phm y:
y C02
nh C02
lu lng
t l mol lu
lng
t l mol mol
cu t
(%)
mol (kmol/h)
cu t (%mol)
(kmol/h)
C2H6
0.0255
18.7697
C2H6
C3H8
0.5944
437.1293
C3H8
i-C4H10 0.1461
107.4203
inC4H10 0.0004
0.0478
C4H10 0.219
161.0144
ni-C5
0.0106
7.7963
C4H10 0.0096
1.1402
n-C5
0.0044
3.2352
i-C5
0.2652
31.4917
n-C6
n-C5
0.328
38.9433
n-C7
n-C6
0.2418
28.7183
n-C8
n-C7
0.1104
13.1146
n-C9
n-C8
0.03
3.5605
n-C10
n-C9
0.0119
1.4078
tng
1
735.3652
n-C10 0.0027
0.3227
tng
1
118.7469
Bit p sut lm vic ca thp 10 atm

Nguyn liu u vo trng thi si

Bi lm
Cn c vo cc cu t trong sn phm ta s chn cu t cha kha nh (LK) l nC4, cu t cha kha nng (HK) l i-C5
1. p sut lm vic
Thng thng p sut ca thp ch bin kh thng c 30-40 a phn tch. Gi
s tn tht p sut mi a phn tch l 10mmHg. Nh vy c th coi p sut lm
vic ca thp l p sut ti a nm chnh gia ca thp.
Nn p sut nh v y c th chp nhn c tnh nh sau :
- p sut nh:1015.10/760 = 9.8 atm
- p sut y:
10.2atm
2. Tnh nhit ca thp:
a. Nhit nh:
Gi Ki = Pi/P l hng s cn bng ca cu t I (Pi l p sut hi ca cu t i
nhit no , P l p sut tng).
Nhit nh thp phi tha mn phng trnh ng nhit pha hi tnh:

(Ki tra theo ph lc 1)

Bng phng php gi s kim tra ta s tnh c nhit nh thp.
Kt qu cho bng 1 :
sn phm nh TD = 53.5oC
P=9.8atm
cu t

kiu

xiD=yiD

KiD

yiD/KiD

C2H6

0.0255

4.55

0.005604

C3H8

0.5944

1.575

0.377397

i-C4H10

0.1461

0.75

0.1948

n-C4H10

LK

0.219

0.6

0.365

i-C5

HK

0.0106

0.275

0.038545

n-C5

0.0044

0.22

0.02

n-C6

n-C7

n-C8

n-C9

iD
7.5833
2.625
1.25
1
0.4583
0.3667

n-C10

tng

1.001347
o

Vy nhit nh thp l 53.5 C

b. Tnh nhit y thp
Nhit y thp phi tha mn phng trnh ng nhit pha lng:

Bng phng php gi s kim tra ta tnh c nhit y thp

Bng 2: kt qu tnh nhit y thp:
sn phm y TW = 145oC
,
P=10.2atm
cu t
kiu
XiD=yiD KiD
XiD.KiD
iD
C2H6
L
0
0
0
C3H8
L
0
0
0
i-C4H10
L
0.0004
2.7
0.00108
1.1739
n-C4H10
LK
0.0096
2.3
0.02208
1
i-C5
HK
0.2652
1.34
0.355368 0.5826
n-C5
H
0.328
1.25
0.41
0.5435
n-C6
H
0.2418
0.68
0.164424 0.2957
n-C7
H
0.1104
0.36
0.039744 0.1565
n-C8
H
0.03
0.21
0.0063
0.0913
n-C9
H
0.0119
0.13
0.001547 0.0565
n-C10
H
0.0027
0.075
0.000203 0.0326
tng
1
1.000746
o
Vy nhit y thp l 145 C
3. Tnh s a l thuyt ti thiu v ch s hi lu ti thiu:
Ta xc nh theo phng php FUG: da vo cc kt qu tnh ton trn ta c
iu kin hot ng trung bnh ca thp l ti : 99oC v 10atm
Ti ta c :

(Trong

l bay hi tng i trung bnh ca LK so vi HK)

Tnh s a l thuyt theo phng trnh Fenske :

Suy ra: Nmin = 9.25

Kim tra li s phn b ca cc cu t trong sn phm nh v y ng
vi s a l thuyt ti thiu va tnh trn:
Ti iu kin hot ng trung bnh ca thp, nhit : 99 oC v 10atm.
T phng trnh Fenske dng tnh s a l thuyt ti thiu:

Ta c cng thc kim tra nng cc cu t trong sn phm nh, y

nh sau:

Trong : cng thc kim tra nng ca cc cu t trn u c

tnh so vi n-C4H10
- LH: l bay hi tng i ca cu t nh hn so vi cu t nng hn.
Cu t i so vi n-C4H10:
Nu l cu t nh hn:

- LH = KWi/ KWn-C4
- a v (F-a) ln lt l s Kmol ca cu t i c trong sn phm nh v y
- b v (F-b) ln lt l s Kmol ca n-C4H10 c trong sn phm nh v y
Nu l cu t nng hn:
- LH = KWnC4/ KWi
- a v (F-a) ln lt l s Kmol ca n-C4H10 c trong sn phm nh v y
- b v (F-b) ln lt l s Kmol ca cu t i c trong sn phm nh v y
Cc s liu dng tnh ton cho bng sau:
Cu t
kw
anpha
C2H6
7.6
6.0558
C3H8
2.8
2.2311
i-C4H10 1.55 1.2351
n-C4H10 1.255
1
i-C5H12 0.68 1.8456
n-C5H12
0.6
2.0917
C6H14
0.28 4.4821
C7H16
0.13 9.6538
C8H18 0.065 19.3077
C9H20 0.034 36.9118
C10H22 0.016 78.4375
tng
Kt qu thu c cho bng sau:
cu t
C2H6
C3H8
i-C4H10
n-C4H10
i-C5H12
n-C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22

a
18.8141
437.1241
107.38
161.0134
8.2112
2.8784
0.0009
0
0
0
0

F-a
0
0.0008
0.0873
1.1402
31.0767
39.2999
28.7451
13.1151
3.5605
1.4076
0.3227

F
18.8141
437.1249
107.4673
162.1536
39.2879
42.1783
28.746
13.1151
3.5605
1.4076
0.3227
854.178
% nh
0.0256
0.5944
0.146
0.2189
0.0112
0.0039
0
0
0
0
0

% y
0
0
0.0007
0.0096
0.2617
0.3309
0.2421
0.1104
0.03
0.0119
0.0027

tng
735.4221
118.7559 1
1
T kt qu bng trn,ta thy thnh phn cc cu t nh trong sn
phm y 0,96% v thnh phn cc cu t nng trong sn phm nh
1,12%. So vi yu cu u bi: thnh phn cc cu t nh trong sn phm y
0,96% v thnh phn cu t nng trong sn phm nh 1,06%, s liu ny
chp nhn c do s a l thuyt ti thiu va tm c tho mn.
Tnh hmin theo cng thc

y E phi tha mn h thc:

Vi i l bay hi tng i ca cu t i so vi cu t cha kha nng HK
nhit v p sut trung bnh nh trn
Bng 3 : kt qu xc nh bay hi i
cu t
C2H6
C3H8
i-C4H10
n-C4H10
i-C5
n-C5
n-C6
n-C7
n-C8
n-C9
n-C10

kiu
L
L
L
LK
HK
H
H
H
H
H
H

Ki
7.3
2.85
1.55
1.3
0.7
0.6
0.29
0.13
0.065
0.034
0.0155

i
10.4286
4.0714
2.2143
1.8571
1
0.8571
0.4143
0.1857
0.0929
0.0486
0.0221

V nguyn liu u vo trng thi si nn q=1

Tnh E da vo phng php gi s kim tra c kt qu cho bng 4

cu t
C2H6
C3H8
i-C4H10
n-C4H10
i-C5
n-C5
n-C6
n-C7
n-C8
n-C9
n-C10

xiA
0.022
0.5117
0.1258
0.1898
0.046
0.0494
0.0337
0.0154
0.0042
0.0016
0.0004

Ki
7.3
2.85
1.55
1.3
0.7
0.6
0.29
0.13
0.065
0.034
0.0155

i
10.4286
4.0714
2.2143
1.8571
1
0.8571
0.4143
0.1857
0.0929
0.0486
0.0221

X=
E=0.4263
0.0229
0.5715
0.1558
0.2464
0.0802
0.0983
-1.1635
-0.0119
-0.0012
-0.0002
0

vi
XiD
0.0255
0.5944
0.1461
0.219
0.0106
0.0044

Y=
0.0266
0.6639
0.1809
0.2843
0.0185
0.0088
0
0
0
0
0

Tng

-0.0017

1.183

Vy E=0.4263, hmin+1=1.183 hay hmin=0.183

4.Tnh s a l thuyt
Da vo quan h Gilliland cho ph lc s 2, ta xc nh c mi
quan h gia
v
xy dng c s ph thuc ca (N.h)
vo gi tr h.
Thng th h c ly t (1.1 2.5)hmin
h

h-hmin

n-nmin

Nh

0.2013

0.0152

0.77

43.5652 8.7697

0.2196

0.03

0.7

33.1667 7.2834

0.2378

0.0443

0.67

30.0606 7.1484

0.2453

0.05

0.61

25.2821 6.2017

0.2585

0.06

0.59

24

0.3144

0.1

0.56

22.2955 7.0097

0.3918

0.15

0.49

19.098

0.4788

0.2

0.42

16.6724 7.9827

Da vo th ta chn h=0.25 v N.h=6.15

Suy ra: N=24.6 a l thuyt

6.204
7.4826

5 Tnh s a thc t:
S a thc t c tnh theo cng thc:

Vi TB l hiu sut trung bnh ca thit b, l hm ca bay hi tng i

v nht ca hn hp : =f(,)

nht: loghh= n.log1+ (1-n)log2

Trong :

l nng cu t th nht

(1-n) l nng cu t th hai

1 ,2 l nht ca tng cu t

Vi 1,2 l hiu sut ng vi a trn cng v a cui cng

ng vi a trn cng: sn phm 53,5 oC v 9,8atm ta c:
Vi (n v : cP)
C2 = 0,065
C3= 0,094
Ta c:

i-C4=0.122
n-C4=0.122

i-C5=0,183
n-C5=0,184

logD=0,0255.log0,065+0,5944.log0,094+0,1461.log0,122+0,219.log0,122

+0,0106.log0,183 +0,0044.log0,184= -0,986

Suy ra: D= 0,103 cP
nht ng lc trung bnh ca sn phm y 145oC v 10,2atm :
i-C4 = 0,085

n-C6 = 0,13

n-C4 =0,085

n-C7 = 0,135

i-C5 = 0,096

n-C8 = 0,185

n-C10 = 0,25

n-C5 = 0,096

n-C9 = 0,215

log W= 0,0004.log0,085 + 0,0096.log0,085 + 0,2652.log0,096 +

0,328.log0,096 + 0,2418.log0,13 + 0,1104.log0,135 + 0,03.log0,185 +
0,0119.log0,215 + 0,0027.log0,25
= -0,956
Suy ra: W = 0,111 cP
nht trung bnh lng i qua thp l :

bay hi tng i trung bnh ca nh :

D = 2,162
tch : D.D =2,162. 0,103= 0,2227
tra trong th IX-11 s tay ha cng II trang 171, c
1 = 72%
bay hi tng i trung bnh ca y:
W = 0,435
tch : W.W = 0,435.0,111 = 0,0483
tra s tay : 2 =
bay hi tng i trung bnh ca thp :
Tch : TB.
= 1,300.0,107 = 0,139
Tra trong th s tay ha cng II bng IX-11, c :
= 82%
S a thc t : Ntt=
= 30 a
6. Tnh chiu cao thp:
Chiu cao ca thp c tnh theo cng thc:
Ht= Hd + (Nt-2).Hdd + HF + HW
Trong :
Ht : chiu cao ton thp (m)
Nt : s a thc t ca thp, Nt=30 a
Hd : khong cch t a trn cng n nh thp, chn Hd = 1,2m
Hdd : khong cch gia hai a, chn Hdd = 0,6m

HF : khong cch ti a np liu, chn HF = 1,2m

HW : khong cch t a di cng n y thp, chn HW = 1,5m
Vy, chiu cao ca thp:
Ht = 1,2 + 28.0,6 + 1,2 + 1,5
= 20,7m
7. tnh ng knh thp (Dt)
ng knh thp c tnh theo cng thc :

(m)

Trong :
GD l lng hi nh thp, kg/h
GW l lng hi y thp, kg/h
ytb l khi lng ring trung bnh ca hi i trong thp, kg/m3
Wytb l vn tc trung bnh ca hi i trong thp, m/s
Tnh GD
GD = (1+h)D
= (1+ 0,25)735,3652
= 919,2065 kmol/h
D l lng sn phm nh (kmol/h)
h l ch s hi lu nh thp
Suy ra:GD = 919,2065 . MtbD (kg/h)
Tnh MtbD phn t lng trung bnh ca sn phm nh

Suy ra MtbD = 49,3344

Vy GD = 45348,5012 kg/h
Tnh GW

GW c th tnh theo cng thc

GW = W.s
Trong
W- lng sn phm y , W = 118,7469 kmol/h
s- hi lu hi ca on chng, s c xc nh theo cng thc:
Trong :
F l lng nguyn liu vo, F = 854,178 kmol/h

= 7,7366

= 7,7366.118,7469
= 918,6966 kmol/h
= 64815,6988 kg/h
(MtbW = 70,5518 )
Suy ra: tnh Gvtb
W

Gvtb=(45348,5012+64815,6988)/2=55082,1 (kg/h)
Suy ra: tnh
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca hi i trong thp c tnh nh sau:
Tnh

yD

l khi lng ring hi ra nh thp

Hi i trong thp l kh thc nn V c tnh theo cng thc:

Trong :
R-hng s kh, R=0,082 atm.l/mol.K
TD l nhit nh thp, TD = 326,5K
PD l p sut nh thp, PD = 9,8 atm
z l h s nn, cn tm
tm z ta tnh theo nhit v p sut gi ti hn (TPCD v PPCD)
Nhit gi ti hn
TCi l nhit ti hn ca cu t i
TPCD = 0,0255.305,4 + 0,5944.369,8 + 0,1461.408,1 + 0,219.425,2 +
0,0156.460,4 + 0,0044.469,8
= 389,588 (K)

p sut gi ti hn :
Trong :
PCi l p sut ti hn ca cu t i
PPCD = 0,0255.48,16 + 0,5944.41,94 +0,1461. 36,02 + 0,219.37,5 +
0,0156.33,36 + 0,0044.33,26
= 40,299 (atm)
T cc gi tr TPCD v PPCD ta tnh c nhit v p sut gi rt gn (TPRD v
PPRD)

Vi cc gi tr TPRD v PPRD tm c, tra biu xc nh h s nn (xem

ph lc ?) ta tm c: z=0,805
Tnh yD :

- Tnh yW khi lng ring ca hi y thp

Vi MtbW =70,5518 g/mol

PW = 10,2 atm
TW = 418 K
R = 0,082 atm.dm3/mol.K
Tm z:
Nhit gi ti hn :
TPCW = 0,0004.408,1 + 0,0096.425,2 +0,2652.460,4+ 0,328.469,8 +
0,2418.507,4 + 0,1104.540,3 + 0,03.568,9 + 0,0119.594,4 +
0,0027.617,8
= 488,585 (K)
p sut gi ti hn:

PPCW = 0,0004.36,02 + 0,0096.37,5 + 0,2652.33,36 + 0,328.33,26 +

0,2418.29,71 + 0,1104.27,04 + 0,03.24,57 + 0,0119.22,6 +
0,0027.20,73
= 31,362 atm
T gi tr TPCW v PPCW ta tnh c nhit v p sut gi rt gn (T PRW v
PPRW)

Tra biu h s nn ta tm c : z = 0,75

Tnh yW
Vy :
Tnh Wytb
Vi du m, c th tnh vn tc hi trung bnh trong thp, W ytb theo
cng thc:

Trong : K-h s K= 0,5 1,6

Chn K = 0,5 ta c :

Tnh ng knh thp Dt

Thay cc gi tr tm c vo cng thc tnh Dt ta c :

8. Tnh ton a
S dng a chp
Ta thy dng hi nh thp l ln nht. Nn ta s dng s liu v cc dng
pha a ly sn phm nh tnh ton cc thng s a cho ton thp.
Ti a trn cng ca thp t c cc thng s:
- Nhit nh: TD=53,5oC
- p sut nh : PD=9,8atm
Theo kt qu ta c cc thng s sau:
Dng lng:
Khi lng ring dng lng:
Coi nhit bng nhit ti nh thp = 53,3oC. V xL= xD
Cu t

( T=60oF v 1atm)
=

C2

0.005604

30

0,16812

23,26

0,0072

C3

0.377397

44

16,60547

31,64

0,5248

i-C4

0.1948

58

11,2984

35,08

0,322

n-C4

0.365

58

21,17

36,35

0,5824

i-C5

0.038545

72

2,77524

38,90

0,0713

n-C5

0.02

72

1,44

39,27

0,0367

Tng

1.001347

53.45723

Khi lng ring ca hn hp lng 60oF v 1atm l:

1,5444

=
=
= 34,614 lb/ft3
Khi lng ring ca hn hp lng ti 53,5oC v 9,8atm l:
= 32,114 lb/ft3= 513,824 g/dm3
- Phn t lng trung bnh ca dng lng: Mtb= 53.45723
- Lu lng dng lng: QL=h*D=0,25x735,3652= 183,84 kmol/h
QL= 183,84x53.45723 = 9827,577 kg/h
Lu lng th tch dng lng:
= 5312,933 cm3/s

QL=
Dng hi
-

Khi lng ring dng hi:

Phn t lng trung bnh ca dng hi: MtbD = 49,3344
Lu lng dng hi : QD = 45348,5012 kg/h
Lu lng th tch dng hi:

- QD=
= 2034,112m3/h=565031cm3/s
- Tnh ng knh a:
Lu lng hi cc i i qua 1 chp l:
Qmax= 30,12(

)1/2

[ 1 +0,4

Trong :
H chiu cao khe chp, H= 2,5 cm
a1 chiu rng y khe: a1= 0,84cm
a2 chiu rng nh khe: a2= 0,42cm
A tng din tch m cc khe: A=31,5cm2
l khi lng ring ca pha lng v pha hi.
- Lu lng hi cc i qua 1 chp l:
Qmax= 3287,18 cm/s2
- Nu chn m khe

=0,9 th lu lng hi qua 1 chp l

Qmax= 2726,4528 cm3/s

QV=
S chp trn 1 a:
N=

= 207 chp

Tng tit din tt c cc khe trn a l:

31,5x207=6520,5cm2
Vi s chp t nh vy ta chn a loi 1 dng.
Chn phn % cc vng theo din tch a nh sau:
-

Vng cha cc chp: 85%

Vng m:4 %
Vng ng chy chuyn: 8%
Vng kt ni 3%

Chn l/d = 0,37

l = 0,37x 7,86 =2,9 cm

Theo bng 4/3 v gi tr

Ta c

( Gio trnh Cng ngh lc du)

= 0,32

Nh vy vng cha cc chp l :

= 20376 cm2
Din tch a l:

= 23972 cm2

ng knh a l: 174,75 cm
II Sp xp mt a
Vi lu lng hi, lng v ng knh a nh vy ta la chn a mt dng.
S dng chp s 3. Vi la chn nh vy ta c cc thng s sau:
Chiu cao ca lp lng trn a

6,35 cm

 di b chn L ca ng chy chuyn. Theo biu hnh 30 ( CNLD trang

124) vi din tch ng chy chuyn 8% din tch a th di b chn L=
68% D.
L = 68%D = 118,83 cm
Tnh trung bnh mi dy c 12 chp. S chp c sp xp thnh 17
dy.
Gradien mt lng:
Tnh dy ca lp lng trn mt a : = h5+h6+
- h5= 0,15(
)2/3 F0
- Trong F0 tm theo H4.23
-

= 0,034

=
= 0,68
- Theo H4.23 ta tra c F0 = 1,027
h5 = 0,15(
)2/3 1,027 = 1,94 cm
Cha c th tnh c gradient mt lng. Nn c th nh gi dy lp lng
trn mt a mt cch gn ng:
= h6 +h5 +
Nu h1= 2,5 v tm ly = 2cm
= h6+ h5 + = 7 + 1,94 + 2 = 10,94 cm
V
=
= 44,7 cm2/s theo H4.19 gradien ng vi 1
dy chp l 1,3 mm. Nhng chng ta cng cn tnh n nh hng
ca dng hi da vo H4.20
u0
=
= 3,77
H s hiu chnh : = 0,92
Gradien mt lng ng vi 1 dy chp l : 1,3 x 0,92 = 1,196mm
Gradien mt lng l : 1,196x 17 = 20,332 mm
p sut a
gim p gy ra bi dng hi qua h thng ng hi chp h0 c tnh
theo:

h0 = k0(

)(

)2
=

=1,1

Theo H4.22 ta tm c h s k0= 0,00158

Vy : h0= 0,00158

= 1,68cm

gim p hl gy ra bi lng hot ng trn a :

hl = h3 + h4 + h5 +
h3 l chiu cao ca phn khe chp c dng hi chui qua
h4 khong cch gia mp trn ca khe chp v mp trn b chn ca ng chy
chuyn.
h5 chiu cao ca lp lng trn b chn ng chy chuyn.
m khe = 0.9 nn h3=0,9H
h4 = h6-h1-h2-H
nn
hl= 0,9H + (h6 h1 h2 H) +h5 +
+1

= 0,9. 2,5 + ( 7 2,5 0,65 2,5 ) + 1,94

hl= 6,54 cm
Vy p sut a
h = hl+h0 = 6,54 +1,68 = 8,22 cm ct lng
nh gi kh nng khng b ngp lt:

f=

vi
vi QD tnh ra m3/h
Chn khong cch gia cc a l 60cm. Theo H4.24 ta c K 1 = 170 vi sc
cng b mt chn 10dyn/cm.

1,89m2

S1l=
S2l= K2 (QL+ eS1)
Ta c

= 0,93

Vi S1 din tch vng cha chp

Theo H4.25 ta tm c: e =0,06 m3/m2
K2=0,21 theo H4.26
QL tnh theo m3/phut
Nn S2l= 0,093m2
H s :

f=

= 0,82 < 1,2

=> thp hot ng n nh (khng b ngp lt)

Kt lun
Qua tnh ton v da vo s liu thc t, ta thy kt qu khng lch nhau
nhiu lm. nguyn nhn l do vic tnh ton da vo cc cng thc tnh l
thuyt, cc cng thc ny c c khi dng cc gi thuyt khng hon ton

ng vi thc t, v c nhng s liu ta khng bit c chnh xc m phi

gi s ( gim p sut,...)