Lenin to Stalin

Bolsheviks in Power
Lenin orders all
farmland to be
distributed among the
peasants and gave
control of the factories
to the workers

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Bolsheviks sign the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
with Germany
Russia had to surrender a
large chunk of territory to
Germany
The land contained a large
portion of Russias
population and industry.
The terms of the treaty
caused widespread anger

Civil War
The Bolshevik opponents
form the White Army
Leon Trotsky commanded
the Bolshevik Red Army
Around 15 million
Russians died in the civil
war from 1918-1920
The Red Army won

Lenins Economic Reforms

War and revolution
destroyed the Russian
economy
Lenin launched the New
Economic Policy or NEP
Lenin put aside his idea for
a state-controlled economy
and resorted to a small scale
version of capitalism.
The government still kept
control of major industries
and banks

Lenins Political Reforms

Lenin organized Russia into
several self-governing
republics under the central
govt
The country was named the
Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR)
Bolsheviks renamed their
party the Communist Party
They created a constitution
based on socialist and
democratic principles, but the
Communist part had total
control

v.
Trotsky (right) was a firm Marxist who
wanted support for a worldwide revolution
against capitalism
Stalin (left) wanted to work on socialist
views in Russia first
Stalin put his supporters into top jobs and
isolated Trotsky in his own party

Stalin v. Trotsky cont

Trotsky was stripped
of party membership
and fled into exile in
1929
He was later murdered
in Mexico by an agent
working for Stalin

Stalin becomes Dictator

Stalin was cold, hard
and impersonal
After forcing Trotsky
out Stalin focused on
Russias development
He used the phrase
socialism in one
country to describe
his aims of perfecting a
Communist state

Stalins Totalitarian State

Stalin transformed Russia
into a Totalitarian state
Totalitarianism described a
govt that takes total,
centralized state control
over every aspect of public
and private life
Totalitarian leaders appear
to provide a sense of
security and give direction
for the future

Stalins Economic Reforms

Lenins NEP was a mixture
of free enterprise and state
control
Stalins economic policy
called for total state control
He called for a command
economy, which is a
system where the
government makes all
economic decisions

USSRs Industrial Revolution

In 1928, Stalin
outlined the 1st of
many five-year plans
for development of the
USSRs economy
The five-year plans set
unrealistic quotas to
increase the output of
steel, coal, oil, and
electricity

USSRs Industrial Revolution

cont
To try and reach these unrealistic
quotas, the govt limited consumer
production
People faced shortages of housing,
food, clothing and other goods
The govt controlled every aspect
of the workers life, which took a
toll on peoples personal lives
From 1928-1937, industrial
production increased by 25%

Agricultural Revolution
In 1925, the govt seized
25 million privately
owned farms
The govt combined them
into collective farms
Peasants resisted the
govt and Stalin used
terror and violence to
force the peasants to
work

Agricultural Revolution
The kulaks, a wealthy
class of peasants, resisted
heavily and the govt
executed them or sent
them into exile
By 1938, more then 90%
of peasants lived on
collective farms and
agricultural production
was twice what it had
been in 1928

Weapons of Totalitarianism
1) Police Terror
Dictators of
totalitarian states uses
terror and violence to
force obedience
Monitored telephone
lines, read mail,
planted informers

Lavrent Beria
(right): head of
secret police

Weapons of Totalitarianism
In 1934, Stalin launched the
Great Purge, a campaign of
terror that was directed at
eliminating anyone who
threatened his power
When the Great Purge ended in
1939, Stalin gained total
control of both the Soviet
government and the
Communist Party

Weapons of Totalitarianism
2) Indoctrination and
Propaganda
Totalitarian states rely on
indoctrination or instruction
on the govts set of beliefs, to
mold peoples minds
Party leaders lectured workers
and peasants on the ideals of
communism
The State supported youth
groups and used them as
training grounds for future
party members

Weapons of Totalitarianism
Soviet newspapers and
radio broadcasts
glorified the
achievements of
Communism and
Stalin
Soviet Realism was an
artistic styles that
praised Soviet way of
life

Weapons of Totalitarianism
3) Censorship
Stalin would not
tolerate individual
creativity that
threatened conformity
Govt controlled all
newspapers, motion
pictures, radio and
other sources of
information

Weapons of Totalitarianism
4) Religious Persecution
Communists aimed to
replace religious teachings
with the ideals of
Communism
The Russian Orthodox
Church was the main
target of persecution
Roman Catholics and
Jews were also persecuted

Daily Life for Women Under

Stalin
With the Bolshevik
Revolution in 1917,
women won equal rights
Women had new
educational opportunities,
but were still responsible
for their household duties
Women were supposed to
provide the state with
future generations of
obedient citizens

Education
The government
controlled all education
from nursery school to
the university
School children learned
the virtues of the
Communist Party
They party also set up
youth programs called
Komsomols