BIO FUEL

Bahan Bakar Nabati

mahfud@chem-eng.its.ac.id
Jurusan Teknik Kimia FTI ITS
Sources : dikumpulkan dari berbagai
sumber

BIO FUEL?
Bio Massa
Kayu, arang, daun-daunan, sekam,
ampas tebu

Bio Gas
Limbah biologis

Bio Premium (E5, E10, E20)

Ethanol + Premium

Bio Diesel (B5, B10, B20)

Metyl Ester + Solar

MENGAPA PERLU BIO-FUEL?

Internasional
Penurunan ketersediaan energi fosil
Peningkatan kebutuhan energi
Persoalan Lingkungan (global warming, perubahan
iklim, hujan asam) Bio-based energy/products

Nasional
Produksi BBM menurun hingga 1,06 juta barrel/hari
sedangkan Konsumsi meningkat 1,25 juta
barrel/hari net-Importer sejak 2003
Harga crude oil di pasar dunia semakin mahal
Pengembangan potensi lahan pertanian/perkebunan

Peak of oil ..
Kita telah melewati puncak minyak bumi

one day we are going to run out of fossil oils

Pertumbuhan Permintaan Energi Dunia

3.7 milyar org
5.5 Gtoe

6.2 milyar org

10.3 Gtoe

1971
1.49 toe/org

8.3 milyar org

17.3 Gtoe

2002

2033

1.66 toe/org

2.1 toe/org

+17%

+26%
5

Diolah dari sumber: WEO 2004 dan WEO 2008, IEA

Perkembangan Harga Crude oil 1960 - 2007

> 170 $/bl

aj a
gt
ha
rga
y
an
ai k
Ke
n

Asia, Eropa dan Amerika

Regional Crude Oil Supply by Origin
adalah 2005
Netand
Importer
Minyak
2020
30

Net Imports
20

Local

mb/d

10

-10

2020

2005

2020

2020

2020

2005

2020

2005

-30

Asia
2020

FSU

2005

Europe

Middle
East
Gulf
2020

Africa/
E. Med.

2005

Latin
America

2005

USA
Canada

2005

-20

Inter-regional oil trade increases by

13 mb/d between2005 and 2020;
Nearly 63 mb/d of oil exports in2020

7
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
O

Sumber Energi di Indonesia

Kebijakan Energi Nasional

Kebijakan Energi Nasional : Kepres No.5, 2006

Pada 2025 kontribusi energi berbasis fossil dikurangi

sampai 20%,
Sedangkan dari sumber energi baru dan terbarukan
ditingkatkan lebih dari 5%, seperti dari : biomassa,
air, angin, matahari dan nuclear. Juga untuk biofuel
akan memberi kontribusi 5%.
Inpres No 1, 2006, untuk penyediaan dan
penggunaan Bio-fuel sebagai sumber energi

Tujuan Strategis Biofuels di tingkat Nasional

Roadmap Pemanfaatan Biofuels
Pentahapan Kebijakan Mandatori
9

Kebijakan Energi Nasional

(Peraturan Presiden No. 5/ 2006)
BAURAN ENERGI SAAT INI
Bauran Energi

Target Tahun 2025

1. Elastisitas energi kurang dari 1
2. Mengoptimalkan Bauran energi

Tenaga Air
3.11%
Panas Bumi
1.32%
Gas Alam
28.57%

Minyak bumi
51.66%
Batubara, 15.34%

Bauran Energi Nasional Tahun 2025

((Business as Usual Scenario)
EBT Lainnya, 1.9%
Mini/mikro Hidro, 0.1%
Panas Bumi,
1.1%

Gas, 20.6%

Bauran Energi Nasional Tahun 2025

((Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006)
Gas, 30%

Minyak Bumi,
20%
BIOFUELS, 5%

Minyak Bumi,

Mengoptimalkan
Penggunaan Energi

EB,17%

Biomassa, Nuklr, Tenaga Air

Energi surya,
Energi Angin , 5%

41.7%

10

Batubara 34.6%

Panas Bumi 5%

Batu bara , 33%

Pencairan Batubara
2%

Sumber: Peraturan Presiden No. 5, 2006

Tujuan Strategis Biofuel

di tinkat Nasional

11

Sumber: Ditjen Migas (2009)

Roadmap Pemanfaatan Biofuel

12
Sumber: Ditjen Migas (2009)

PRODUKSI DI INDONESIA 2008

Biodiesel 1,238,300 KL
Bioethanol 144,500 KL
TARGET BAURAN ENERGI 2025
* Biodiesel 20% (B20) atau 9.25 juta KL
* Bioethanol 15% (E15%) atau 4.3 juta KL

13

Pentahapan Kebijakan Mandatori

Pemerintah sedang berjuang keras agar
target mandatory pada 2009 ini bisa berjalan

14

Sumber: Ditjen Migas (2009)

Biofuel commercialization
Since 20 May 2006, Pertamina
has launched Bxx
commercialization under the
branded name of BIOSOLAR
At 12 August 2006, Pertamina has
started a market trial for gasohol
in Malang (East Java);
Currently, all the gas station
selling biosolar;
Biosolar is being sold at the same
price with (PSO) diesel fuel (Rp.
4500/liter);

15

BIOFUELS
IN
TRANSPORTATION

Biofuels in transportation.
Their use is not new!

Nikolaus Oto concieved the internal

combustion engine (1867) to run on
ethanol
Rudolph Diesel designed the Diesel motor
(1892) to run on peanut oil
Henry Ford designed the Ford Model T, in
the USA, (1903) to run on ethanol
All that before cheap oil was available

Biofuels, 1st Generation (1)

Type

Biomass

Process

Examples ,
remarks

Bioethanol Sugar cane, palm, Hydrolysis,

grains, jatropha,
fermentation

Brazil (1975), China,

AGRANA (Austria),
Indonesia, USA

Butanol

ABE
fermentation

Can be used in
gasoline engines

Catalysis and
destilation

CDTech, Lyondell
Neste Oil, Sabic

Anaerobic
digestion

Rich in methane

beet, maize

Corn, grass,
( 1916)
leaves
Bio ETBE Ethanol+C4
hydocarbons
Waste, organic
Biogas
materials

Food-versus-fuel dilema

Rapeseed

Barley

Maize

Only part of the biomass is converted to

sugar and then to ethanol.

But tropical maize grown in US (Midwest) concentrates sugar in

their stalks. It may become the sugarcane of the Midwest
(University of Illinois, USA, October 2007)

Biofuels, 1st Generation (2)

Type

Biomass

Process

Biodiesel from
residues FAME

Edible oil,
animal fats

Transesterification

Biodiesel: fatty Vegetable oil

accids FAME

Via fatty accids

Biodiesel
RME/PME

Transesterification

Rapeseed,
palm tree

Suppliers,
remarks

Biodiesel plant (Martifer, Aveiro,Portugal)

Also at Almada, Alhandra, Ramalhal,

T. Novas

Biodiesel production in EU is dependent on fiscal incentives.

Home biodiesel

Various companies offer kits to produce

biodiesel at home (at $.70 per gallon)
Cost: ~4.000 $US

Problems, challenges (1)

Food-versus-fuel debate! Certain food

prices started to raise: preference for
nonedible biomass in biofuels (ex: jatropha).
There is a lot of waste material (ex: maize);
includes legnin wich is hard to break down:
find efficient ways to convert lignocellulose.
LCA, life cycle assessment, required +
EROI

Jatropha (curcas)

Jatrophas grains are not edible (poisonous) and may

regenerate dried and denuded soils (takes 2-4 years).
Investments in India: D1-BP and Roshini Int. Bio En.

Sugar cane

Brazilien ethanol has a high EROI = 8:1.

Principle Energy (UK based) and Petromoc (Mozambique)
are both investing in bio-ethanol in MOZAMBIQUE, totaling $680M.
Yields will be 50% above brazilien average, according to tests.

Problems, challenges (2)

Warning: avoid invasive species! (Nature
Conservancy + IUCN)
Try the use algea as feedstock
To decrease production costs, genetic
engineering promises to give answers
soon.

OECD Biofuels Report (

July,2008)

Savings in grenhouse gases are poor (total EU1%)

Brazil
sugar cane
80%
EU
wheat, beet, veg. oil 30-60%
USA
maize
30%
Subsidised prices should be avoided. Recommends
more open markets for biofuels and feedstocks, in
order to improve efficiency and lower costs. Avoid
commodity feedstocks.
REFOCUS ON LOWERING ENERGY
CONSUMPTION!

(cellulose,
hemicelluloses)
Focus on
wood and waste

Agricultural waste

Biofuels, 2nd Generation (1)

Type

Biomass

Cellulosic
bioethanol

Lignocellulosic,a Hydrolysis +
gro-residues
fermentation

Biodiesel with Vegetable oils

hydrotreating animal fat

Process

Suppliers,
remarks
Praj, BEI-DACHS,
BC Int.Co. La.,US

Hydrotreating High credit in USA

refineries

Biogas SNG
(Syngas)

Lignocellulosic,a Gasification+ Increased methane

gro-residues
FT synthesis content

Biohydrogen

Lignocellulosic,a Gasif+synthesis/bi
ologic process.
gro-residues

Bioalgea

Algea

Photosynthesis:
biofuel, ethanol,
hydrogen

Shell+HR,PetroSun,
Green Star+BR,
GreenFuel, etc.

Hawaii: Maui algea biodiesel

Shell + HR Biopetroleum joint venture

2.5 ha research plant to be followed by 1,000 ha commercial

demonstration. Full-scale (20,000 ha) expected for year 2011.

USA: MIT cogeneration plant (1995)

20 MW

Biofuels, a global market now

( but subsidies distort the market!)

Major traditional players

USA, mostly ethanol from maize
Brasil, mostly ethanol from sugar cane
EU, mostly biodiesel, various sources
Major newcomers
China using rapeseed, wheat, corn, jatropha*
India using sugarcane, sorghun, jatropha, pongamia
Argentina using soy bean, mostly
* Agreement between State Forestry and PetroChina

The concept of biorefinery

Reduce the carbon footprint locally, if possible

BIO DIESEL

BIODIESEL SANGAT
DIPERLUKAN DI MASA DEPAN
memenuhi kebutuhan energi
mengurangi dampak lingkungan
membuka lapangan pekerjaan

KENDALA PENGEMBANGAN
BIODIESEL SAAT INI
Harga bahan baku masih mahal
Biaya produksi masih relatif tinggi

Bahan baku Biodiesel

Minyak Nabati

Kelapa Sawit
Kelapa
Kedelai
Jagung
Kacang tanah
Bunga matahari
Jarak Pagar
Nyamplung
Bijih Kapuk
Bijih Kepuh
Dll

Minyak Bekas
Lemak Hewan
Lemak sapi, dll
Minyak ikan

Sufficient supply of feedstock from food

and non-food crops within international
strategic partnerships

Contributing to increased biodiversity

Lahan Kritis di Indonesia

Kalteng :
Kritis : 1.708 rb Ha
Total */ : 1.708 rb Ha

Kalbar :
Kritis : 1.811 rb Ha
Total */ : 1.811 rb Ha
Sumut :
Kritis : 242 rb Ha
Total */ : 594 rb Ha

Aceh :
Kritis : 326 rb Ha
Total */ : 861 rb Ha

Kalsel :
Kritis : 222 rb Ha
Total */ : 222 rb Ha
Kaltim:
Kritis : 825 rb Ha
Total */ : 825 rb Ha

Jambi :
Kritis : 544 rb Ha
Total */ : 544 rb Ha

Riau :
Kritis : 255 rb Ha
Total */ : 4.562 rb Ha

Sulut 3/ :
Kritis : 319 rb Ha
Total */ : 319 rb Ha
Sultera :
Kritis : 188 rb Ha
Total */ : 188 rb Ha
Maluku 4/ :
Kritis : 515 rb Ha
Total */ : 515 rb Ha

Sumbar :
Kritis : 112 rb Ha
Total */ : 112 rb Ha
Bengkulu :
Kritis : 500 rb Ha
Total */ : 1.045 rb Ha
Sumsel :
Kritis : 2.280
Total */ : 2.280
Lampung :
Kritis : 2.280
Total */ : 2.280

rb Ha
rb Ha
rb Ha
rb Ha

Sulteng :
Kritis : 153 rb Ha
Total */ : 153 rb Ha

Jabar 1/ :
Kritis : 363 rb Ha
Total */ : 363 rb Ha
Jateng 2/ :
Jatim :
Kritis : 396 rb Ha Kritis : 953 rb Ha
Total */ : 1.105 rb Ha Total */ : 953 rb Ha

NTB :
Kritis : 224 rb Ha
Total */ : 224 rb Ha
Bali :
Kritis : 24 rb Ha
Total */ : 180 rb Ha

Sulsel :
Kritis : 452 rb Ha
Total */ : 452 rb Ha

Papua 5/ :
Kritis : 1.720 rb Ha
Total */ : 1.720 rb Ha
NTT :
Kritis : 1.058 rb Ha
Total */ : 1.058 rb Ha

Jumlah Lahan Kritis di Indonesia 15,3 Juta Ha

Potensi Lahan yang akan menjadi kritis 6,6 Juta Ha
Sehingga Total potensi Lahan Kritis 21,9 Juta Ha

Palm oil

.....may become the leading feedstock

source for biodiesel production world-wide

/ ha
s
d
l
yie
l
i
o
est
h
g
i
h

Elaeis guineensis

Indonesia telah melampaui Malaysia

dalam luas lahan palm oil pada 2006 !

oil-palm plantations in mill ha

7

this
str
is bio ong expa
ns
diese
l driv ion
en !

IND: planned

mill ha

5
4

Malaysia

MAL: actual

Indonesia

3
2
1
0

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2006

2007

2008

Source: FAO, The Economist

Perkembangan Produksi Minyak Sawit

Dunia (ribu ton)

Negara

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Malaysia

4.133

6.092

7.596

8.051

9.901

11.052

11.595

Indonesia

1.243

2.413

4.480

7.465

9.891

12.293

14.438

307

580

780

1.016

1.297

1.623

1.005

Lainnya

1.215

1.858

2.256

2.730

3.154

3.603

4.067

Total

6.898

10.943

15.112

19.262

24.243

28.571

32.095

Nigeria

Sumber: World Oil, 1994 dan 1998

Kebutuhan Lahan dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit untuk

Memenuhi Kebutuhan Bio-diesel 2017 2025.

Jatrpha Curcas,
In India and Egypt, commercial plantations of Jatropha have been
started in dry conditions and on marginal soils

nonfood
a new oilseed
crop
opp o
s
rtuni
ty !

Biodiesel - Jarak Pagar

Jatropha Curcas L.

Keunggulan Jarak Pagar?

Tumbuh di lahan yang tidak produktif (gurun, tandus, dll),

Sedikit hama
Hidup sampai 30 35 tahun
Seluruh biji dapat bermanfaat.
Mulai Produksi pada usia 6 bulan
Kadar Minyaknya tinggi 25 30 % dibanding minyak
lainnya
Menciptakan Lapangan kerja di kantong-kantong
kemiskinan khususnya pada Lahan Tandus dan Terpencil
Menghijaukan Lahan Kritis dan lahan tandus
Membangun Ekonomi Pedesaan
Biaya panen relatif murah.

Pengembangan Tanaman Jarak

No

Provinsi

2006
(ha)

2007
(ha)

2008
(ha)

2009
(ha)

2010
(ha)

NTT

5000

50000

51500

54000

56250

NTB

5000

50000

51500

54000

56250

Gorontalo

4000

34000

34500

36000

37500

SULUT

4000

34000

34500

36000

37500

SULSEL

4000

25000

24500

25200

26250

SULTRA

3000

25000

24500

25200

26250

SULTENG

3000

25000

24500

25200

26250

PAPUA

5000

50000

51500

54000

56250

JABAR

2000

14000

14500

14400

15000

10 BANTEN

1500

10000

10000

10800

11250

11 JATENG

1500

10000

10000

10800

11250

12 JATIM

2000

14000

14000

14400

15000

Pohon kelapa + Jarak pagar

Acrocomia totai

The nut produces a nut- and a meat-oil, which can be used

in blends with other oils for biodiesel production
Additonally other non-food oilseed crops can be grown in
rows beneath the oil palms

Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum L.)

Di Indonesia, nyamplung tersebar mulai dari Sumatera Barat, Riau,
Jambi, Sumatera Selatan, Lampung, Jawa, Kalimantan Barat,
Kalimantan Tengah, Sulawesi, Maluku, hingga Nusa Tenggara Timur
dan Papua.
Sampai saat ini potensi alami nyamplung di Indonesia belum
diketahui secara pasti, Hasil penafsiran tutupan lahan dari Citra
Satelit Landsat7 ETM+ tahun 2003 menunjukkan bahwa tegakan
alami nyamplung seluruh pantai di Indonesia mencapai luas total
480,000 ha, dan sebagian besar ( 60 %) berada dalam kawasan
hutan.
Kelebihan nyamplung sebagai bahan baku biofuel adalah bijinya
mempunyai rendemen yang tinggi, bisa mencapai 74%, dan dalam
pemanfaatannya tidak berkompetisi dengan kepentingan pangan.

Keunggulan Nyamplung
Tanaman nyamplung tumbuh dan tersebar merata secara alami di
Indonesia;
regenerasi mudah dan berbuah sepanjang tahun menunjukkan daya
survival yang tinggi terhadap lingkungan;
tanaman relatif mudah budidayakan baik tanaman sejenis
(monoculture) atau hutan campuran (mixed-forest);
cocok di daerah beriklim kering, permudaan alami banyak, dan
berbuah sepanjang tahun;
hampir seluruh bagian tanaman nyamplung berdayaguna dan
menghasilkan bermacam produk yang memiliki nilai ekonomi;
tegakan hutan Nyamplung berfungsi sebagai pemecah angin (wind
breaker) untuk tanaman pertanian dan konservasi sempadan pantai;
pemanfaatan biofuel nyamplung dapat menekan laju penebangan
pohon hutan sebagai kayu bakar;

Produktivitas Nyamplung
Produktivitas biji lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis lain
Jarak pagar 5 ton/ha;
Sawit 6 ton/ha;
Nyamplung 20 ton/ha.

Rendemen minyak nyamplung tergolong tinggi :

Sawit 46-54 %
Jarak pagar 40-60%,
Nyamplung 40-73 %

Budidaya tanaman nyamplung tidak memerlukan investasi

yang besar.
Ketersediaan lahan yang potensial untuk pengembangan
tanaman nyamplung juga tersebar di seluruh Indonesia.

Source: International Monetary Fund

Biofuel Yields from Oilseed Crops

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Corn
Soybean

oil p
al

Peanut
Castor Beans
Sunflower Seed

rapeseed

Rapeseed (Canola)
Coconut

in cool hu
mid clima
Jatropha carr
ie

Jatropha

m is

mos
t eff
icien
t

te

s many hopes

Oil Palm
0

1000

Litres per hectare biodiesel

2000

3000

4000

Giga joules per hectare biodiesel

5000

PERBANDINGAN PRODUKTIVITAS

Jenis Tanaman

Kg. minyak/Ha

Oil Palm
Coconut
Jatropha
Rapeseed
Peanut
Sunflower
Soybean
Corn
Calophyllum In L

5,000
2,260
1,590
1,000
890
800
375
145
4000

PENELITIAN & PENGEMBANGAN BIODIESEL

Optimasi Proses
Rancang Bangun Pabrik Biodiesel
Uji pemakaian, uji kinerja
Sosialisasi
Sumber bahan baku baru

Proses Pembuatan Biodiesel

Trans-esterification

Jatropha Oil

Methanol

Hasil
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
(Bio Fuel, etc)

Glyceroll
l

Personal Care
(Sabun, shampoo, etc)

Reaksi Pembuatan Biodiesel

(Nama Generik dari Metil Ester atau Etil Ester)
O
O
R1

C
O

HOCH2

OCH2
KOH/NaOH

R2

OCH

3 CH3OH

HOCH2

OCH2

Trigliserida
100 kg

HOCH

Metanol
+

10 kg

R2

10 kg

OCH3

OCH3

O
R3

Gliserol
1 kg

C
O

katalis

O
R3

R1

OCH3

Biodiesel
+

100 kg

 Raw Materials:

Search for New Catalyst

Reducing Cloud Point
Additives; process

Makin besar pabrik,

makin rendah biaya per liter
Estimated production cost per ton of biodiesel vs. plant capacity
300

Note
Fully loaded production cost
excluding feedstock oil cost.
The feedstock oil price must be
added to the production cost to
determine the breakeven sales
price for biodiesel per ton.

The kink from 10,000 to 40,000

tons capacity is due to the low
number of plant offers ABI has
seen at these sizes. If more
offers were received, the curve
would be smoother.

250

ma
tte

rs !

200
EUR / ton

As facility size increases, less

fixed costs such as
depreciation and interest are
spread over each ton of
product, so total production
costs per ton approach the
variable costs per ton.

size

size m
atters !

150

Green f ield

100

Indus trial park

50
0
10

40

70

100

150

200

250

Plant s iz e in thous and tons per y ear

Source: Plant manufacturer offers, ABI analysis

QUALITY STANDARD of BIODIESEL B100

(SNI 04-7182-2006)
PROPERTIES
Cetane Number

SNI

Test Method

Min 51

ASTM D 613

0,85 0,89

ASTM D 1298

Viscocity (40oC)

2,3 6,0

ASTM D 445

Cloud Point (oC)

Max 18

ASTM D 2500

Flash Point oC

Min 100

ASTM D 93

Acid number mg KOH/g

Max 0,8

AOCS

Iodiene Value

Max 115

AOCS

Free glycerol (%-m)

Max 0,02

AOCS Ca 14-56

Total glycerine

Maks 0,24

AOCS Ca 14-56

Density (40oC) mg/ml

Ester content (%)

Min 96.5

Contoh
Pabrik Biodiesel
Biofuel
Biodiesel Pilot Plant, kapasitas 8 ton/hari
Perkiraan kebutuhan biodiesel 2010
apabila 2% dari solar diganti biodiesel~800.000 kl
Perlu ~ 25 pabrik dg kapasitas 30.000 ton/hari

PERTAMINA recently introduced Biosolar

into the market

Produsen Biodiesel

Tahun

Produsen

Kapasitas(Ton/th)

2006

PT. Eterindo (Jakarta + Surabaya)

PT. Platinum (Jakarta)
PT. Walmart (Dumai)

120.000
40.000
350.000

2007

PT. Eterindo (Jakarta + Surabaya)

PT. Bio Nusantara (Medan)
PT. Sumiasih (Jakarta)
PT. Darmex (Jakarta)
PT. Platinum

120.000
250.000
100.000
50.000
50.000

2008

Additional capacities +/- 25%

1.350.000

2009

Additional capacities +/- 20%

1.600.000

2010

Additional capacities +/- 20%

1.900.000
61

Ringkasan
Kebutuhan akan energi alternatif secara nasional maupun
internasional sangat mendesak saat ini, baik karena menurunnya
cadangan energi fosil maupun desakan masalah lingkungan
Biodiesel memiliki potensi yang cerah di masa depan sebagai bahan
bakar alternatif, karena sangat dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan energi, mengurangi masalah lingkungan dan
meningkatkan lapangan kerja
Pengembangan biodiesel dengan menggunakan berbagai variasi
bahan baku perlu dilakukan, karena akan menurunkan harga bahan
baku dan biaya produksi, sehingga Indonesia dapat menjadi pemain
utama dalam arena biofuels di kawasan Asia Pasifik bahkan Dunia.
Indonesia memiliki lahan yang cukup luas untuk pengembangan bau
mahan baku untuk pembuatan biodiesel, khususnya dengan
memanfaatkan lahan kritis atau marginal
Bahan baku jarak pagar dan nyamplung nampak prospektif untuk
terus dikembangkan di Indonesia, karena termasuk bukan tanaman
pangan dan dapat menurunkan biaya produksi
Fasilitasi dan konsistensi Pemerintah menjadi prasyarat utama bagi
tumbuhnya industri biodiesel di Indonesia di masa perintisan seperti
sekarang.

Terima kasih

Peak of oil ..
Kita telah melewati puncak minyak bumi

one day we are going to run out of fossil oils

Daya pendorong saat ini

1. Dukungan Politik untuk Biodiesel Dunia :
Biodiesel dipandang sebagai energi alternatif
Untuk mengurangi resiko ketersediaan energy seperti
pernah dialami oleh minyak fossil,
Untuk mendukung usaha-usaha dalam mengurangi
perubahan iklim,
Untuk menciptakan lapangan kerja.
Dapat digunakan untuk semua kendaraan diesel.
Ide Biodiesel telah tersebar secara cepat ke seluruh
dunia.

Daya pendorong saat ini

2. Biaya produksi Biodiesel rasional :
Biaya bahan baku dapat dikurangi, khususnya jika
menggunakan tanaman bukan pangan (non-food
oilseed crops).
TersediaTeknologi proses yang effisien.
Biaya pemrosesan yang rendah, sebagai akibat dari
unit produksi yang besar dan otomatis.
Kualitas Biodiesel yang tinggi dan sesuai standard
dapat diproduksi dari berbagai varietas tanaman.

Kebijakan, Regulasi & Incentif

President Regulation No 5/2006:
National Energy Policy (Biofuel > 5% Th 2025)
President Instruction No 1/2006:
Biofuel Acceleration Program
Governments
Supports

President Decree No 10/2006: Nat Biofuel Dev Team

Fin Min Reg: Interest rate subsidy Small holder
Gov Regulation No 1/2007: Tax Incentives Biofuel
Ministry of Agriculture Decree 2007: Land Allocation
Gov Regulation No 8/2007: Biofuel Fund
Other supports:
APBN: Seeds, Small-scale Expellers, Infrastructures;

SOURCE: NATIONAL
BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT

Biofuel Standards & Utilizations (Pertamina & PLN)

Distillation characteristics
Boiling Point Curve
380,00
340,00

Temperature [C]

300,00
260,00

el fuel
s
e
i
d
sest to aviour
o
l
c
s
come
n beh
l
i
o
i
o
t
t
s
u
u
cocon ooth comb
in sm

220,00
180,00
140,00
100,00
60,00
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Distilled Volume [% (V/V)]

Diesel

Rapeseed Oil-ME

Coconut Oil-ME

100

Key guidelines for a successful investment

1. assure anytime highest biodiesel fuel quality

2. select most suitable and proven process technology,
3. security in supply of multi-feedstock in volume and cost,
4. choose reasonably large capacity of biodiesel plant,
5. select location with lowest logistic cost in and out,
assure access to fuel markets build customer loyalty,
6. with reasonable capacity running min. 345 days/year,
7. lobby for supportive legislation,
8. use all readily available information world-wide.

proven quality is to be or not to be

Possible incentives
Fiscal incentives, such as:
Tax (PPh, PPN, PBB) and custom duty
Soft loan (interest rate subsidy)
Capital support

Non-fiscal incentives :
Simplifying in license procedures
Simple testing and certification procedures
Mandatory use of biofuel blending in fuel

Note: incentives are provided by relevant institutions

70