i]l#-Z > ]l]l.. MS El!

""{'' MSu ""V>s '' As$. sMSZ

JMS fl l{l$$ Es.

V>Vrt(ylO ) A MS*y As$. Al$

]l VylZ ]l$l$ ]l*$ Es.
l$yl VS VS$y b MS*ZMS {l_, yl$ >
$V> `$l$. { > JMS FZMS l^l$MS$
r$. Fl$$ *yll ]l~ Z Es. D F
l$]l$ B]l_ ""N>'' Al l^l Er$. FZMS
{l_]l l>l { >(Bronchus) AlMS >
MS$V> `$l$. { >MS _]l JMS ""V'' Al
VS ]ls > Al A]l#l $. JMPMSP FZ
30 Mr V$$ (Alveoli) Es. V F
Z A _]l {MS*lMS, >lMS {]l*. F
Z O l #]l "">MS$'', ""V$$'' Es.
]l*]l]l#ylZ Eb, >$ fVSyMS $M>l MSyl
>$, fMS r E*VS yl. Eb >
Fl$ZMS {l_]l V>Z BMSfl 20.16%, M>l&
yO l &BMS yl 0.03% Es. b > $rMS$
V>Z BMSfl 16%, M>l&Oyl &BMS yl 4.4% Es. Eb
> Fl$ZMS {l_]l V> _]lMS Fl$
Z V$ZMS ^l$l$. V$Z BMSfl
MS ZMS, MS Z M>l&Oyl &BMS yl V$ZMS
]l*yl f$VS$l$. MS ZMS {l_]l BMSfl, G{MS
MSZ
l*Vl MS BMS
l*VlV> ]l*$
l$. Z { MSfMS BMSfl > f$VS$
l$. MSZ D BMSfl ""VS*M'' BMSMSZ Y
r$. VS*M BMSfl ]l$SZ BMSMS ^l MS El
A]l#l $. D MS ATP *Z El A]l#l $. ATP i]l
MS A MS*y As$. ATP (Ayll {s s) *
Z MS E*W^l$M, Z l i]l{MS$$ f$
VS$.

i]l#Z >{MS$ ]lQ El ""MS El''. sZ l i]l{MS$$ {MS]l$V> fVSyMS ""MS'' A]l
. B MS >{MS$ > El A]l#l$.
>{MS$Z BMSfl ]l$SZ ""VS*M'' BMSMS
^l, MS El A]l#l$. VS*M BMSMS
^llyMS BMSfl A]l. M>st, i]l#$ l]l$
^l$r*t E]l ]lZ BMSfl]l$ ZMS
$MS$s!!

]lZ ""BMSfl'']l$ ZMS $M]lyMS ylyl

A]l$]l$ > A]l$$ As$. l M>O ]l fl$
]l#Z l$ > A]l$$ Es. D > A]l$$
BMSfl]l$ ZMS $M]lyMS M>MS$y Z M>l
yO l BMS yl]l$ $rMS$ ^lyMS E*VS yl. lMSP
Z MS*y >{MS$ f$VS$l$. lMSPZ BMSfl]l$ ZMS
$M]lyMS M>lyO l BMS yl]l$ $rMS$ yMS {l
{$ ylyl. >{MS$ { iZ]l* f$VS$l$.
JMSP O l Z l . i]l#Z >{MS$ ]lQ El ""MS El
''. i]l#Z l i]l{MS$$ {MS]l$V> fVSyMS ""MS' ' A]l
. B MS >{MS$ > El A]l#l $. >{MS$Z
BMSfl ]l$SZ ""VS*M'' BMSMS ^l, MS El A]l#
l$. VS*M BMSMS ^llyMS BMSfl A]l . M>s,t
i]l#$ l]l$ ^l$r*t E]l ]lZ BMSfl]l$ ZMS
$MS$s!!

]l*]l]l#Z > ]l]l :

]l*]l]l#yl $ > ]l]l Z ]l$V> D MS A]l$$

Es. 1) M> {$ (External nostrils), 2)
M> MS* (Nasal cavity), 3) Al M> {$
(INTERNAL NOSTRILS), 4) {VS
(Pharynx) 5) sMS
(Larynx), 6) (TRACHEA) 7) >$
(Bronchii)(2) 8) Fl$$ (Lungs)(2) M>
{ ]l$_ Fl$ ]lMS* MS*y s Z l
A lylV> Er$. Al M> {$
{VS ZMS l^l$MS$l lVSY ""Myl$MS'' Er$. B>
$VS ]l$$Z B >$ M> MS$ZMS l
MS$y Myl$MS Ayl$zMS $r$. {VS , sMS ]l$l VS

MS >{MS$:
MSZ VS*M BMSMS ^lly MS >{MS$ As$.
MS >{MS$Z E*VS yl MSVS O l $sZM>{yl*. O l $sZ
M>{yl*Zl ATP El f$VS$l$. M>st O l $sZM>{yl
*]l$ MSMS yV> (power house of the celll)
As$. ]l*]l]l#Z $MS ""18'' $ > $M]lyl

i]l#Z fVS >{MS$ yl$ M>$:

> ]l]l& l$$:

1) {OMSs: C > MS$ _]l. M>$,
VS VSyl, ]lr >Z GMS$P]l M> ^l$yl,
l$]l, l * llO ]l D M> A]l#.
2) : $ AMS*s r {y, MS O l ]l
MS$VS$l$.
3) S$: O l $M MSt $ r$MS$O Al MSt * ]l MSVS
.
C
NV> Ar$. D >MS$y C^la MSl
B.C.G.(
M>s VS$). D MSl]l$ MS]l$V]l
M>s, VS$l

#s t l] l>l JMS l ]l$$Z# D MSl]l$ C $.
4) M: >$, Bt {]l$Z ^l MS ]l^la
Fl$MS$ _]l
5) ]l$l**: ylMl ]l$l*$ Al MSt * ]l
MSVS Ar$!!

1) l >{MS$: D l Z VS*M BMSfl ]l$S

Z BMSMS ^ll$l$. D MSO l $]l >{MS$ A A]l
^l]l fl$]l#Z]l* f$VS$l$.
C6H12O6 BMS-MS-- +6O2 6CO2+6H2O+MS (ATP)

MSZ
l*Vl l H^l$MS$r$. D
]l# G{MSM S BMSfl > MS Ayl$zMS $r$. lV>
>MS BMSfl > lWYl$. D ]l# AMS V>l
l ]ll ]l#V> ^l $.

f$VS$l$. lV> $MS 1 1/2 r BMSfl

ZMS l$l$. Eb> {{MS$$ > $ M]l
yl Al {{MS$ l$lyl$Z ""]l$gjl] Q'' B]lZ f$VS$
l$. BP ]l$l _]l yl$ l$lyl$Z ]l$gj
]lQO BP {]l ]l > $M]lylZ ]l*$$
MS. ]l$]l Z GMS$P]l BMSfl GMS$P]l VS*M
]l$ *W^l$MS$l A]l$]l l$lyl$ (Brain). ll
$]l#Z l$lyl$ $]l# 2% ]l*{ll$. M> ]l$]l Z
BMSflZ 20% BMSfl]l$ l$lyl$ *W^l$MS$r$.

2) A >{MS$: D l Z VS*M Hl

C6H12O6

yl ""BMSfl'' A]l MS$yl BMSMS

^ll$l$. E: MSt *, M {sZgZ *MSi]l#$.
A >{MS$Z ""BMSfl A]l MS$yl BMSMS
f$VS$l$. lV> BP Hl MS]l B]l$
l*]l#l$.
2C2H5OH+2CO2

A >{MS$l MS s l A As$.
D MS {{MS$ { $l ]l$]l lilZ JMS ]lQOl $]l
VS. l*, {yl l*, BP (Ol l, $
llO ]l) l* A MS {{MS$.

Mt: Mt Al MSt * Z Mt

^lMSP]l$ A >{MS$Z *W^l$MS$ MSMt S B]l*

El ^l $. Z MSMt S B]l$ Hyl]l yl$ B $
VSylMz S yl. l $VS$ As$. D MSMt S B]l$>l
GMS$P]l A]l yl$ $VS$ #V> ]l*$l$.

M>l l*OMSyl: Cl $ SMSV> BMSMS ^l

]l yl$ M>l l*OMS yl GMS$P]lV> yl$l A]l#l $. l
$, {]l$ ]l$_ D ]l# GMS$P]lV> yl$l
A]l#l$. Cyl$l l*s l
MS *MSt {M>
]l$_ 3.5% MS GMS$P]l M>l l*OMS yl yl$l M>MS*yll$.
M>l l*OMS yl A O l $]l ]l#. ]l$_ yl$l
]l M>l l*OMS yl V>Z BMSfl MS M>lyO l
BOMS ylV> ]l*$l$. Fl$ZMS M>l l* MO S yl ll]
yl$ BMSfl MS lVSV> MS ZMS {l_, G{ MS

fl$]l#
1. ]l- -- l] , f-VS
2. MSr-M>-$
3. l$
4. >^l- - l
5. E- $-^l - >-$
(MS, ]l*yl)
6. ]l*]l]l#yl$

> A]l$]l
^l
---$
- #- M- >-M>- F- - - l $- $
#-M>-M>- l-$
^l, F---l$-$
F---l$-$