Section B

SPS (Science Process Skills):
KPS (Kemahiran Proses Sains):

Identifying Variables
Mengenalpasti Pembolehubah
What are variables?
Apakah itu pembolehubah?
In every experiment / investigation, you have to control three types of variables,namely:

Dalam setiap eksperimen,kita mesti mengawal tiga jenis pembolehubah iaitu:
~ manipulated variable( what to change )

pembolehubah dimanipulasi(perkara yang diubah-ubah)
~ responding variable ( what to observe/measure)

pembolehubah bergerakbalas(perkara yang dikaji/diukur)
~ constant variables (what to keep the same )

pembolehubah dimalarkan(perkara yang ditetapkan)
Why ?
Kenapa?
So that you get the experiment or investigation is reliable and fair.

Supaya eksperimen/penyiasatan yang dijalankan boleh dipercayai dan adil.
How to tackle the questions related to the SPS?

Cara untuk menguasai soalan berkaitan SPS?
Key Questions
Steps
Key-answers
Kunci Soalan
Langkah-langkah
Kunci-jawapan
If you want to make the test fair,

what are the;
Untuk menjalankan satu penyiasatan
yang adil. kamu hendaklah
mengenalpasti apakah yang:
List out all

variables
involved
Identify the
variables
1.Things to keep the same:

Dimalarkan
-what are similar
apakah yang sama
(constant/fixed)
(ditetapkan,dikawal)
1. Same/similar
2. The differences/
not the same
2. Things to change:
Diubah
-different/not the same
(manipulated)
3. Observed/result/
changes/find out
3. Thing to measured /
observed:
-the results/findings
(responding)
Sample Questions and Answers

Contoh Soalan dan Jawapan
1.
A group of pupils carries out an investigation to find out the time taken for ice
cube to melt in 900 ml of water at different temperature.
Sekumpulan murid menjalankan satu penyiasatan untuk mengkaji masa yang
diambil untuk ketulan ais melebur dalam 900ml air pada suhu berbeza.
Beaker X
(Water 30C)
Beaker Y
(Water 50C)
Bikar X
Beaker Z
(Water 70C)
Bikar Y
(Suhu air 30C)
(Suhu air 50C)
Bikar Z
(Suhu air 70C)
The table below shows the result of the experiment.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
Beaker
10
20
30
Bikar
Time taken for ice cube to melt/s

Masa untuk ketulan ais melebur/s
State the things to :

Nyatakan perkara-perkara yang:
i)
What to change(manipulated variable)

Perkara yang diubah(pembolehubah dimanipulasi)
Temperature of water
Suhu air
ii)
What to measure(responding variable)

Perkara yang dikaji(pembolehubah bergerakbalas)
Time taken for ice cube to melts

Masa untuk ketulan ais melebur
iii)
What to keep the same(constant variable)

Perkara yang ditetapkan(pembolehubah dimalarkan)
Size of ice cube/quantity of water

Saiz ketulan ais/isipadu air
Sample Questions
Contoh Soalan
1.
Figure 1 shows a fair test carried out by a Year Four pupil.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh seorang murid Tahun Empat.
At the beginning of investigation

Awal penyiasatan
After 1 week
Selepas seminggu
Figure 1
Rajah 1
State the following:

Nyatakan yang berikut:
i)

____________________________
ii)

______________________________
iii)

Perkara yang dikaji (pembolehubah bergerakbalas)
_______________________________
The table below shows the number of new leaves produced by two types of stems.
Stem
Stem
One week
Batang
Number of new leaves

Bilangan daun
Two weeks
Three weeks
Four weeks
Minggu 1
Minggu 2
Minggu 3
Minggu 4
13
10
Old stem
Batang
tua
Young
stem
Batang
muda
Table 1
Jadual 1
Based on the table,state the following:

Berpandukan jadual,nyatakan yang berikut:
i)

____________________________
iii)

______________________________
iii)

____________________________
3. The table below shows the relationship between the different types of substances and
the colour changes of the blue and red litmus paper.
Jadual dibawah menunjukkan hubungan antara jenis bahan yang berbeza
Dengan perubahan warna kertas litmus biru dan merah.
Substances
Bahan
The colour changes of litmus paper

Perubahan warna kertas litmus
Red litmus paper
Blue litmus paper
Kertas litmus merah
Kertas litmus biru
Lime Juice
Still red
Change to red
Jus limau
Kekal merah
Bertukar ke merah
Detergent
Change to blue
Still blue
Sabun
Bertukar ke biru
Kekal biru
Vinegar
Still red
Change to red
Cuka
Kekal merah
Bertukar ke merah
Toothpaste
Change to blue
Still blue
Ubat gigi
Bertukar ke biru
Kekal biru

Based on the table,state the following:
Berpandukan jadual,nyatakan yang berikut:
i)

____________________________
ii)

______________________________
iii)

____________________________
4.
Table below shows the distances of planets and the time taken to complete the
movement around the Sun.
Jadual berikut menunjukkan jarak planet dan masa yang diambil untuk satu
pusingan lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.
Planets
Planet
Distance from the Sun

(million km)
Time taken to complete the

movement around the Sun
Jarak dari Matahari

(juta km)
Masa yang diambil untuk satu

pusingan lengkap mengelilingi
Matahari
58
150
1 427
4 494
88 days
365 days
30 years
165 years
P
Q
R
S
State the following:
Nyatakan yang berikut:
i)

____________________________
ii)

______________________________
iii)

____________________________
5.
Number of ice
cubes
Volume of water
Isipadu air
Bilangan kiub ais
1
2
3
4
180
260
340
420
Table 2
Jadual 2
Table above shows a different number of ice cubes put into different glasses, each having
the same amount of water. The volume of water at the end of the activity is shown in
Table 2.
Jadual di atas menunjukkan bilangan ketulan ais berbeza dimasukkan ke dalam gelas yang
berlainan,setiap satunya mempunyai kuantiti air yang sama.Isipadu air di akhir aktiviti ditunjukkan
dalam Jadual 2
State the followings :

i.
Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan:_______________________
ii.
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi :____________________
iii.
Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas:___________________
INFERENCE / GIVE REASON

INFERENS / BERI SEBAB
The pupils have to give any possible reason or reasonable explanation based on the
observation.
Murid mesti memberi penerangan / sebab yang munasabah tentang pemerhatian.
Key points when making inference:

1. Answer the question WHY?
2. Involve the science concept that you have learned.
Kunci semasa membuat inferens:
1. Jawab soalan MENGAPA?
2. Guna pakai konsep sains yang telah dipelajari
Sample question:
State one reason (inference) based on the investigation / information
Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) berdasarkan penyiasatan / maklumat
OBSERVATION TO CONFIRM/SUPPORT THE INFERENCE / REASON

PEMERHATIAN UNTUK MENYOKONG INFERENS / SEBAB
The pupils have to write the observation to confirm the inference / reason they gave as the
answer in the question before.
Murid hendaklah menulis pemerhatian untuk menjitukan jawapan inferens yang diberi pada jawapan
sebelum.
Key points when making inference:

1. The observation have to relate to the inferences/reason in the question before.
2. The observation have to further confirm the inference.
Kunci semasa membuat inferens:
1. Jawapan untuk pemerhatian mesti berkaitan dengan inferens/ sebab yang diberi dalam
jawapan sebelum.
2. Pemerhatian yang dibuat mestilah dapat menjitukan inferens.
Sample question:
Write one observation to support your inference in (a)
Tuliskan satu pemerhatian untuk menyokong inferens di (a)
1. A pupil released toy car X down an inclined ramp.This activity is repeated with toyr Y.
Distance traveled by both cars is recorded.
Seorang murid telah melepaskan kereta mainan X menuruni satu landasan yang condong.
Aktiviti ini diulangi dengan kereta mainan Y. Jarak pergerakan kedua-dua kereta itu direkodkan.
Table 1 shows the result of the investigation.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan.
Toy car
Distance traveled (m)
Kereta mainan
Jarak pergerakan (m)
X
Y
1
2
Table 1
Jadua 1
(a) State two reasons that might explain why each toy car travels a different
distance.
S
Nyatakan dua sebab yang mungkin menerangkan kenapa jarak setiap kereta
mainan berbeza.
Sample answers:
Contoh jawapan:
1. The toy car Y has less friction than toy car X.

Kereta mainan Y kurang daya geseran berbanding kereta mainan X
2. The weight of toy car Y and X is different.

Berat kereta mainan Y dan X berbeza .
(b) Write one observation to support yang answer in (a).
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Example 2
1. The tyre of the toy car Y has worn out/ bald

Tayar kereta mainan Y licin.
Fendi investigates the change of state of liquid X.

The result of this investigation is shown in the flow chart below.
Fendi menyiasat tentang perubahan keadaan ceccair X.
Keputusan penyiasatan ini ditunjukkan dalam carta alir di
bawah
Liquid X
Cecair X
Dididihkan
Dibekukan
Temperature 100 C
Temperature 0 C
Suhu 100 C
(a)
Suhu 0 C
Gas
Solid
Gas
Pepejal
Based on the result of this investigation, what can you infer about liquid X.
Berdasarkan keputusan penyiasatan, apakah inferens yang boleh kamu buat
tentang cecair X
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Liquid X is water.
Cecair X ialah air.
(b)
State one observation to support the inference in (a).

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian untuk menyokong inferens di (a)
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Liquid X boiled at 100C and turn to gas, the liquid X freezed at 0C and
change to solid.
Cecair X mendidih pada 100C dan bertukar menjadi gas, cecair X membeku pada
0C dan bertukar menjadi pepejal.
EXERCISE
1.
The diagram below shows two different places, P and Q, on the surface of the Earth.
Rajah menunjukkan dua tempat yang berbeza, P dan Q di atas permukaan Bumi .
Moon
Bulan
Bumi
(a)
At 12.44 p.m., it is darker at P than at Q.

State one reason (inference) why it is darker at P than at Q.
Pada pukul 12.44pm.,didapati keadaan di P lebih gelap daripada Q.
nyatakan satu sebab(inferens) mengapa keadaan di P lebih gelap daripada Q
.............................................
.............................................
(b)

Table 1 shows the result of the investigation on the average weight of the fish
in year 2003 and 2008 in the same river.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat yang didapati tentang satu penyiasatan yang
telah dijalankan terhadap ikan dalam sebatang sungai pada 2003 dan 2008.
Year
2003
2008
1.0
0.5
Tahun
Average weight of the fish /kg

Purata berat ikan/kg
Table 1/Jadual 1
(a)
Write one reason (inference) why the average weight of the fish in year 2008
is lesser.
Tulis satu sebab mengapa purat berat ikan pada tahun 2008 berkurangan.
..........................
..........................................................
10
(b)

............................................................
3.
A group of pupils used the same recipes to make dough P and Q but dough P is
added with 1 teaspoon of yeast.
The diagram below shows the results at the end of the investigation.
Sekumpulan murid menggunakan resepi yang sama untuk membuat doh P dan Q tetapi doh
P di campur dengan 1 sudu kecil yis.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keputusan akhir penyiasatan.
At the beginning
Pada permulaan
Dough P
Dough Q
Doh P
Doh Q
At the end
Pada akhir
Dough P
Dough Q
Doh P
(a)
Doh Q
What can you infer from the observation?

Apakah inference kamu berdasarkan pemerhatian.
(b)

The diagram shows two plants in different conditions. Both plants are given enough
water and sunlight. After two days it is found out that plant P has wilted but plant Q is
healthy.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua anak pokok dalam keadaan yang berbeza. Kedua-dua
anak pokok itu diberikan air dan cahaya matahari yang cukup. Selepas dua hari, didapati
anak pokok X layu manakala anak pokok Y masih segar.
11
(a)
What can you infer from the observation?

Apakah inference kamu berdasarkan pemerhatian.
(b)

5.
A pupil investigates about the rate of evaporation on three blankets X, Y and Z. He

dries the blankets on a clothes line in three different conditions as shown in the
diagram below. After one hour he notices that blanket X is fully dried, blanket Y is still
damp but blanket Z is still quite wet.
Seorang murid menyiasat tentang kadar penyejatan pada tiga helai selimut yang disidai
ddengan cara yang berbeza. Selepas sejam, dia mendapati selimut X kering, tetapi selimut Y
masih lembap dan selimut Z masih basah.
(a)
Write one reason (inference) from the above investigation.

Tulis satu sebab daripada penyiasatan di atas.
(b)

12
6.
The diagram below shows a pupil carrying out an investigation. Objects P and Q are
of the same size, shipe and materials. P and Q were blown with equal strength. It was
found P fell first.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan yang dijalankan oleh seorang murid. Objek P
dan Q mempunyai saiz, bentuk dan bahan yang sama. P dan Q ditiup dengan kekuatan yang
sama. P didapati tumbang dahulu.
(a)
Write one reason (inference) from the above investigation.

Tulis satu sebab daripada penyiasatan di atas.
(b)

7.
The diagram shows the result of an investigation.

Rajah menunjukkan keputusan satu penyiasatan.
(a)
What can you infer from your observation?

Apakah inferens kamu berdasarkan pemerhatian .
(b)

13
8.
The diagram shows an investigation carried out by a group of pupils. After 1 weeks
the iron nail in beaker A becomes rusty.
Rajah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan yang dijalankan oleh sekumpulan murid. Selepas
seminggu paku besi dalam bikar A berkarat. disejukkan
Oil
Water
minyak
Air
boiled water
iron nail
air didih yang telah disejukkan
paku besi
(a)
Beaker A
Beaker B
Bikar A
Bikar B
What can you infer from the information given?

Apakah inference kamu berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi?
(b)

9.
Diagram below shows the result of an investigation on the heating of 500 ml of

water.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan suatu penyiasatan tentang pemanasan 500 ml air.
Time / minute
10
12
20
40
60
80
100
100
100
Masa / minit
Water temperature
Suhu air
(a)
State one inference about the condition of water after 8 minutes.

Nyatakan satu inferens tentang keadaan air selepat minit ke 8.
(b)

14
10
A group of student gathered information about the extinction of animal.

Sekumpulan murid mendapat maklumat tentang kepupusan haiwan.
(a)
Write one reason about the number of extinct animal species in year 2000
Tulis satu sebab berkenaan bilangan haiwan yang pupus pada tahun 2000.
(b)

15
RELATIONSHIP/HYPOTHESIS
HUBUNGAN/HIPOTESIS
Identify what are the things that are changed (manipulated variables) and observed
(respondingvariables) in the investigation.
Kenal pasti apakah yang diubah (pemboleh ubah manipulasi) dan apa yang diperhati (pemboleh ubah
bergerak balas)
Construct the sentences to relate what are the things that are changed (manipulated
variables) and observed (respondingvariables) in the investigation.
Bina ayat yang menghubungkan apa yang diubah(pemboleh ubah manipulasi)
perhatikan (pemboleh ubah bergerak balas)
dan apa yang
Examples
Contoh:
The more / less (based on the trend what is changed) [what is changed ], the more / less
(based on the trend on what is observed) [what is observed].
Semakin bertambah / berkurang (berdasarkan corak pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan)
[pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan],semakin bertambah / berkurang (berdasarkan corak
pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas) [pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas]
If, when, as also can be used.

Jika, bila, apabila juga boleh digunakan.
EXCERSICE
1.
Table below shows the distances of planets and the time taken to complete the
movement around the Sun.
Jadual berikut menunjukkan jarak planet dan masa yang diambil untuk satu
pusingan lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.
Planets
Planet
P
Q
R
S

(million km)
Time taken to complete the movement

around the Sun
Jarak dari Matahari

(juta km)
Masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan

lengkap mengelilingi Matahari
58
150
1 427
4 494
88 days
365 days
30 years
165 years
Write one hypothesis based on the above statement.

Tuliskan satu hipotesis berdasarkan pernyataan di atas.
________________________________________________________________
16
2.
A pupil investigates about the rate of evaporation on three blankets X, Y and Z. He

dries the blankets on a clothes line in three different conditions as shown in the
diagram below. After one hour he notices that blanket X is fully dried, blanket Y is still
damp but blanket Z is still quite wet.
Seorang murid menyiasat tentang kadar penyejatan pada tiga helai selimut yang disidai
dengan cara yang berbeza. Selepas sejam, dia mendapati selimut X kering, tetapi selimut Y
masih lembap dan selimut Z masih basah.

________________________________________________________________
3. Diagram shows the result of an investigation carried out by Ali on object X and Y
when placed in the salt solution.
Rajah menunjukkan keputusan dari satu eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh Ali terhadap objek X dan Y
apabila dimasukkan ke dalam larutan garam.
Object Y
Object X
800 ml
Salt
solution

________________________________________________________________
17
4. Diagram 3 shows planets in the Solar System.

Rajah menunjukkan planet dalam Sistem Suria.
Diagram 3
________________________________________________________________
5.
Figure 1
A group of students prepared three pots, P, Q and R, as shown in Figure 1. All three
pots were given the same treatment and care. Table 1 shows the results that were
obtained after two weeks.
Sekumpulan pelajar menyediakan 3 pasu P , Q dan R seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 1.
Ketiga-tiga pasu diberekan rawatan dan jagaan yang sama. Jadual 1 menunjukkan diperolehi
selepas dua minggu.
Pot
Average height of seedling (cm)
Pasu
Purata tinggi anak pokok (cm)
P
Q
R
5
3
2
Table 1

________________________________________________________________
18
6.
Glass
cover
Glass
Containe
r
Rat
Figure 2
Figure 2 shows the apparatus used in a study. In container W is one rat, in container X
are two rats and in container Y are three rats. It was found that the rats in container Y
died the fastest while the rat in container W was the last to die.
________________________________________________________________
7.
Bread P
Bread Q
Bread P
Third day
Bread Q
Fifth day
Figure 2
A group of students labelled two equally fresh pieces of bread as bread P and bread Q.
Bread P was not sprinkled with water while bread Q was sprinkled with a few drops of
water. Both were placed on the table behind the lab. After three days, it was found that
fungi have grown on bread Q but not on bread P. After five days, they observed that fungi
started to grow on bread P while bread Q was full of fungi.
________________________________________________________________
19
Hypothesis from the given statement / information

Hipothesis dari pernyataan / maklumat
The time taken for the water to boil depends on the volume of water.
Masa yang diambil untuk air mendidih bergantung kepada isipadu air.

Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
The more the volume of water. (what is changed),

the more the time taken for the water to boil.( what is observed).
EXCERSICE
1. The food needed by an animal per day is affected by its activity level.
Makanan yang diperlukan oleh seekor haiwan setiap hari dipengaruhi
tahap keaktifan.

________________________________________________________________
2. The land size affects the ploughing time.

Saiz tanah mempengaruhi masa pembajakan.

________________________________________________________________
3. The size of the shadow depends on the distance between the object and the screen.
Saiz bayang-bayang bergantung pada jarak antara objek dan skrin.

________________________________________________________________
20
4.
An ice cube takes about 5 minutes to melt in water with a temperature of 30 C.

An ice cube takes about 3 minutes to melt in water with a temperature of 50 C.
Satu ketulan ais mengambil masa 5 minit untuk mencair dalam suhu air 30 C.
Satu ketulan ais mengambil masa 3 minit untuk mencair dalam suhu air 50 C.

________________________________________________________________
5.
The braking distance needed by a driver to stop his car traveling at the speed of
80km/h is 40 meter.
The braking distance needed by a driver to stop his car traveling at the speed of
50km/h is 15 meter.
Sebuah kereta yang dipandu dengan kelajuan 80 km/j memerlukan jarak
membrek 40 meter untuk memberhentikan keretanya.
Sebuah kereta yang dipandu dengan kelajuan 50 km/j memerlukan jarak
membrek 15 meter untuk memberhentikan keretanya.
Based on the above information, state one hypothesis.

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, nyatakan satu hipotesis.
________________________________________________________________
21
TREND / PATTERN
POLA / CORAK
Observe the trend of the data or information given and then state the pattern by using
these words :
Increase, decrease or not change.
Memerhati corak pertambahan atau pengurangan bacaan pada data dan memberi penerangan
tentang corak tersebut samada ianya:
Menaik, Menurun dan Mendatar.
EXAMPLE:
CONTOH:
Time
Masa
Sunday
Ahad
Monday
Isnin
Tuesday
Selasa
Wednesday
Rabu
Thursday
Khamis
Friday
Jumaat
05.00 am
152 cm
170 cm
175cm
174 cm
160 cm
150 cm
10.00 am
154cm
172 cm
176 cm
172 cm
159 cm
150 cm
03.00 pm
156 cm
173 cm
175 cm
170 cm
153 cm
150 cm
08.00 am
158 cm
175 cm
174 cm
168 cm
150 cm
150 cm
1. a)Table above shows the result of water level

Jadual di atas menunjukkan keputusan paras air
Day
Trend/ Pattern
Hari
Pola / Corak
Sunday
Increase
Ahad
Menaik
Monday
Increase
Isnin
Menaik
Tuesday
Increase and decrease
Selasa
Menaik dan menurun
Wednesday
Decrease
Rabu
Menurun
Thursday
Increase and decrease
Khamis
Menaik dan menurun
22
2.
Weight of ice/g
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
10
14
18
Berat ais/g
Time of melting/minute
Masa melebur/minit
Diagram shows time taken for ice to melt.

Jadual menunjukkan masa yang diambil untuk ais melebur.
a) What is the trend of change of the time the ice melts?

Answer : Increasing
Jawapan : Menaik
Year
1985
1990
1995
2000
Number of turtles
40
34
28
22
3. Table above shows an investigation on the number of turtles found in a beach

from 1985 to 2000.
Jadual di atas menunjukkan penyiasatan mengenai bilangan penyu yang didapati
di sebuah pantai dari tahun 1985 hingga 2000
a) State the pattern of change in the number of turtles found based on the information
above.
Nyatakan corak perubahan bilangan penyu yang didapati berdasarkan maklumat di atas
Answer : Decreasing
Jawapan: Menurun
4. Diagram shows the result of an investigation on the heating of 500 ml of water.

Jadual menunjukkan keputusan suatu penyiasatan tentang pemanasan 500 ml air.
23
Time / minute
10
12
20
40
60
80
100
100
100
Masa / minit
Water
temperature
Suhu air
a) State the pattern of water temperature after 8 minute.

Namakan pola / corak suhu air selepas 8 minit.
Answer : not change

Jawapan: Tidak berubah
EXERCISE:
LATIHAN
1. The table below shows the observations by a pupil about the shadow of an object.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pemerhatian seorang murid mengenai bayang bayang satu objek.
Time
Masa
7.00
a.m.
10.00
a.m.
12.00
noon
3.00
p.m.
7.00
p.m.
The length of the shadow (cm)
160
80
80
160
Panjang bayang-bayang (cm)
(a) State the trend of change in the length of the shadow from morning to evening.
Nyatakan pola perubahan bayang-bayang dari pagi hingga ke petang
_________________________________________________________________
2. Table shows the result in an investigation
Jadual menunjukkan keputusan dalam satu penyiasatan
Temperature
Suhu
Amount of seeds
Germinate
20C
10
25C 30C 35C

20
40
70
40C
45C
50C
70
10
Bil.biji benih yang

bercambah
a) State the pattern of amount of seeds germinate if temperature is more than 35C.
Nyatakan corak jumlah biji benih yang bercambah jika suhu lebih daripada 35C.
___________________________________________________________________
24
3. A group of pupils carried out an investigation to show the different stages of the
moon .The result are recorded as the diagram below..
Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan untuk menunjukkan
peringkat fasa bulan. Keputusan dicatatkan seperti jadual dibawah
Tarikh mengikut Takwim Qamari
Phase of Moon
Bentuk Fasa Bulan
5 Haribulan
10 Haribulan
15 Haribulan
20 Haribulan
25 Haribulan
a) State the pattern of phase of the Moon from 15 th to 25th.

Nyatakan corak fasa bulan dari 15 haribulan hingga 25 haribulan
_____________________________________________________
4. Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan mengenai gerhana matahari.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan waktu bagi peringkat peringkat yang berlainan
tentang gerhana itu
a) State the trend in the change of brightness of the sun in the evening
Nyatakan corak perubahan kecerahan Matahari pada waktu petang
____________________________________________________________
25
5.
Diagram below shows three electric circuits R, S and T. The brightness of the
bulbs recorded.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga litar elektrik R,S dan T. Kecerahan mentolmentol itu direkodkan.
What is the trend of changes in the brightness of the bulbs in circuits R,S and T?
Apakah corak perubahan kecerahan mentol-mentol dalam litar R,S dan T?
________________________________________________________________
6. Diagram shows an investigation carried out a particular place in Penang.

Rajah menunjukkan suatu penyiasatan yang di jalankan di suatu tempat di
Pulau Pinang
26
a)
What is the trend of change in the shadow length from morning till afternoon?
Apakah corak perubahan panjang bayang-bayang dari pagi hingga ke tengahari?
______________________________________________________________
QUESTION AND ANSWERING TECHNIQUE FOR SCIENCE

SOALAN DAN TEKNIK JAWAPAN DALAM SAINS
27
PURPOSE / AIM
TUJUAN/
A-key
To find out the..
To investigate the..
To study the..
relationship between(wtc) and / with(wto)

importance ofto .
the basic needs of
EXAMPLE
X
Torch light
Y
Screen
skrin
Image
imej
Opaque object
Object legap
A fair test is carried out by a group of pupils.

Satu penyiasatan dijalankan oeh satu kumpulan murid .
a)
What is the aim of the fair test?

Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini
To study the relatioship between the distance of objects from screen and
the size of shadow formed
Untuk mengkaji hubungan diantara jarak objek dari skrin dengan saiz
bayang-bayang yang terbentuk.
2.
40 ml of boiling water is poured into a beaker containing 80ml of cold water. The
temperature of water in the beaker is recorded for 10 minutes. The result is as
show in the table.
40 ml air mendidih dituangkan ke dalam sebuah bikar yang mengandungi 80ml
air sejuk. Suhu air dalam bikar direkodkan selama 10 minit. Keputusan seperti
yang ditunjukkan dibawah
Time (min)
10
70
60
50
40
35
35
Masa(min )
Temperature ( 0C )
Suhu ( 0C )
a)
What is the purpose of this experiment ?

Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?
28
To study the reationship between the time of cooling and the

temperature of water
Untuk mengkaji hubungan diantara masa penyejukan dan suhu air
EXERCISE
1.
A group of pupils carry out an activity. Two rats are kept separately in two
containers as shown in Diagram 1. Both containers are left for four days.
Sekumpuan murid menjalankan satu aktiviti. Dua ekor tikus diletakkan berasingan
dalam dua bekas seperti yang dalam gambarajah. Kedua-dua bekas ditinggalkan
selama empat hari
Diagram 1
(a) What do they want to find out?
Apakah tujuan penyiasatan mereka?
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. A student measures the masses of a ceramic glass and a plastic glass using an
electronic balance as shown in Diagram 1.
Seorang murid teah mengukur berat gelas seramik dan gelas pastik menggunakan
penimbang elektronik seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambarajah 1
Diagram 1
(a) What is the aim from the above investigation?
Apakah tujuan penyiasatan diatas?
29
___________________________________________________________
3
The diagram below shows an investigation. The formation of shadows at different

times of the day is studied.
Gambarajah dibawah menunjukkan keputusan satu penyiasatan.Pembentukan
bayang bayang pada waktu yang berlainan dalam satu hari dicatatkan.
West
East
Barat
Timur
2.00 p.m/ petang.
4.00 p.m./petang
6.00 p.m./ petang
(a) Write the aim for this investigation.

Tulis satu tujuan untuk penyiasatan ini.
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.
The pictures show three containers P, Q and R of the same size. Each contains 100
ml of fresh milk. They were kept in three different places for two days.
Gambar menunjukkan tiga bekas P, Q dan R yang sama saiz. Setiap
bekas mengandungi 100m susu segar. Bekas-bekas tersebut diletakkan
pada tempat yang berainan selama dua hari,
100 ml susu dibiarkan

terdedah kepada udara
100 ml susu disimpan

dalam almari
Container
Condition of the milk
30
100 ml susu diletakkan

dalam petisejuk
Bekas
Keadaan susu
Smell sour
Berbau masam
Smell sour
Berbau masam
No changes
Tiada perubahan
a) What is the aim of the experiment?

Apakah tujuan eksperimen ini?
_____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. A group of pupils carried out an investigation. They tested different substances by

using wet litmus paper. The table below shows the results of the investigation.
Satu kumpulan murid telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan. Mereka menguji bahan
yang berlainan menggunakan kertas litmus lembap.Jadual dibawah menunjukkan
keputusan penyiasatan tersebut
Substance
Effect on blue litmus paper
Effect on red litmus paper
Bahan
Kesan ke ates kertas limus biru
Kesan ke ates kertas limus

merah
P
Q
R
No change
Turns blue
Tidak berubah
Bertukar biru
Turns red
No change
Bertukar merah
Tidak berubah
No change
No change
Tidak berubah
Tidak berubah
Turns red
No change
Bertukar merah
No change
Tidak berubah
No change
No change
Turns blue
Tidak berubah
Bertukar biru
(a) What is the aim of the investigation?

31
Tidak berubah
Tidak berubah
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. A group of pupils carried out an investigation. to study the relationship between the
of the shadow and the distance between the object and the light source.
size
Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan untuk mengkaji hubungan diantara saiz

bayang-bayang dengan jarak diantara objek dengan sumber cahaya.
0bject
screen
distance A
distance B
light source
The table below shows the results of the investigation.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan tersebut.
Distance A (cm)
Distance B (cm)
The height of the shadow (cm)
Jarak A (cm)
Jarak B (cm)
Ketinggian bayang-bayang
40
30
20
15
15
15
20
30
40
(a) What is the purpose of this investigation?

Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7.
A group of pupils carried out an investigation .

The bar chart ishows the result of the investigation.
Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan.
32
Carta bar dibawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan tersebut .
Time the
food can
be kept /
hours
36
30
24
18
12
6
0
10
(a)
15
20
25
30 Temperature / oC
Based on the bar chart shown above, state the purpose of this
investigation.
Berdasarkan carta bar diatas, nyatakan tujuan penyiasatan ini .
________________________________________________
8.
Diagram shows an investigation carried out by a group of pupils.

Rajah dibawah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan yang di jalankan oleh sekumpulan
murid.
shadow
torch
globe
table
tennis ball
(a)
What is the aim of the investigation?

Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini
______________________________________________________________
_
PREDICTIONS
33
Membuat jangkaan mengenai apa yang akan berlaku pada masa hadapan
merujuk kepada data yang sedia ada.
WHAT IS PREDICTIONS?
Predicting (to Predict)~ making a forecast about what will happen in the future
on prior knowledge gained through experience or collected data.
The criterias are :

To state what will happen by using previous data or information.
Untuk menyatakan apa yang akan berlaku dengan menggunakan data atau maklumat.
To state what will happen by extrapolating the data.

When answering a question about predicting, we must apply the data given
after recording the result of a fair test. Or you can apply that from your
knowledge of topics learnt in year 4,5 and 6.
Untuk menyatakan apa yang akan berlaku melalui anggaran data.
Apabila menjawab soalan mengenai meramal, kita mestilah menggunakan
data yang diberi selepas merekod keputusan kajian. Atau anda bolehlah
menggunakan pengetahuan daripada topik daripada tahun 4,5 dan 6.
HOW TO TACKLE :
BAGAIMANA UNTUK MENGUASAI:
1. Predict .......................
Ramalkan
2. What will happen......

Apakah yang akan berlaku/ terjadi ......
HOW TO ANSWER:
1. Count or calculate if there is any number given.
Kira jika ada nombor diberi
Dalam bentuk ayat /penerangan
(jadi, jawapan mestilah berupa nombor
2. Give in a sentence / information

Dalam bentuk ayat /penerangan
SAMPLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
34
The table below shows an observation that had been done by a doctor about increasing
number of patients that came to the clinic complaining of influenza from
9 am to 3 pm.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan satu pemerhatian yang telah dibuat oleh seorang doktor mengenai
pertambahan bilangan pesakit yang datang ke klinik berkaitan sakit selsema dari jam 9 pagi hingga 3
petang.
a.
Time
9am
10am
11am
12pm
1pm
2pm
3pm
12
16
20
24
28
Masa
Number of patients
having influenza
Bilangan pesakit yang
menghidap selsema
Predict the number of patients having influenza at 5pm.

Ramalkan bilangan pesakit selsema pada pukul 5petang.
Answer : 36 patients
Time
9am
10am
11am
12pm
1pm
2pm
3pm
12
16
20
24
28
Masa
Number of patients
having influenza
b.
Bilangan pesakit
yang menghidap
selsema
Predict the number of patients having influenza at 10.30 am.

Ramalkan bilangan pesakit selsema pada pukul 10.30pagi.
Answer : 10 patients
(These answer for predicting can be applied by using Maths technique)
Jawapan untuk meramal ini boleh diperolehi dengan menggunakan teknik Matematik .
2.
35
Diagram 2
A balloon which has been blown is kept outside on a hot bright day as shown in Diagram 2
for sometime.
Sebiji belon yang sudah ditiup telah diletakkan diluar pada keadaan cuaca yang panas seperti
Gambarajah 2 selama beberapa ketika.
a. Predict what will happen after a while.

Ramal apakah yang berlaku selepas beberapa ketika.
Answer :The balloon will break .

Belon akan pecah
2.
Oil
minyak
Water
Air
boiled water
air didih yang
telah disejukkan
iron nail
paku besi
Beaker A
Beaker B
Bikar A
Bikar B
Figure 2
Rajah 2
Study the set-up in Figure 2 carefully.
Kaji Rajah 2 dengan teliti.
a.
Predict what will happen to the nail in each beaker after one week.
Ramal apa yang terjadi kepada paku di dalam setiap bikar selepas 1 minggu.
Answer : Nail in beaker A rust./ Paku dalam bikar A berkarat

Nail in beaker B not rust./ Paku dalam bikar B tidak berkarat.
QUESTIONS :
36
1. seal
ditutup rapat
A
Wet cotton
kapas lembap
wet cotton
kapas lembap
kapas kering
dry cotton
wet cotton
kapas lembap
black board
kotak hitam
a. Predict the condition of the seeds in every container after one week.
Ramal keadaan biji benih di dalam setiap bekas selepas 1 minggu.
(i) Container A : __________________________________________

Bekas A :
(ii) Container B : __________________________________________
Bekas B
(iii) Container C : __________________________________________
Bekas C
(iv) Container D : __________________________________________
Bekas D
2.
Number of sponge
Bilangan span
1
2
3
Volume of water absorbed (ml)

Isipadu air yang diserap (ml)
30
63
87
Table 2
An activity was done to study the relationship between the number of sponges used and the
amount of water absorbed. Table 2 above shows the results obtained.
Satu aktiviti telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji hubungan diantara bilangan span yang
digunakan dan isipadu air yang diserap. Jadual 2 di atas menunjukkan keputusan yang
diperolehi.
a. Predict the number of sponges used if the amount of water absorbed is 145 ml.
Ramalkan bilangan span yang digunakan jika isipadu air yang diserap adalah
145 ml.
________________________________________________
37
3.
Figure 1
Number of ice
Cubes
Bilangan kiub ais
1
2
3
4
Volume of water (ml)

Isipadu air (ml)
180
260
340
420
Table 3
Figure 1
shows a different
number of ice cubes put into different glasses, each having
the same amount of water. The volume of water at the end of the activity is shown in Table 3
Rajah 1 menunjukkan bilangan ais kiub yang berlainan telah dimasukkan ke dalam gelas yang
berlainan yang mempunyai isipadu awal air yang sama. Isipadu akhir air selepas aktiviti
dijalankan adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3.
a. Predict the volume of water if :

Ramal isipadu akhir air jika :
i.
the number of ice cubes used is

6 :..................
bilangan ais kiub yang digunakan ialah 6 ketul.
ii.
the number of ice cubes used is

8 :..................
bilangan ais kiub yang digunakan ialah 8 ketul
38
4. Tabe shows the distance of Mercury, Mars, Saturn and Neptune from the Sun.
Jadual 1 menunjukkkan jarak Utarid. Marikh , Zuhal dan Neptun daripada Matahari .
Planet
Mercury
58 000 000
Utarid
Mars
228 000 000
Marikh
Saturn
1 435 000 000
Zuhal
Neptune
4 500 000 000
Neptun
a) Predict and arrange the planets from the coldest to the hottest
Ramal dan susun planet-planet daripada yang paing sejuk kepada paling panas .
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Table below shows the observation that was recorded in an investigation

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pemerhatian yang direkodkan daam satu penyiasatan .
Position of the object
3.5
4.5
Kedudukan objek
Height of shadow
Tinggi bayang-bayang
a) Predict the height of shadow if this object is placed between V and W.

Ramalkan ketinggian bayang-bayang objek yang terletak diantara V dan W.
____________________________________________________________________
39
6. The following information is related to the rotation of the Earth.

Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan peredaran Bumi.
The Earth completes one rotation every 24 hours.

Bumi melengkapkan satu putaran setiap 24 jam
The Earth rotates on its axis from west to east.

Bumi berputar diatas paksinya dari Barat ke Timur
a) Predict 3 effects due to the movement of the Earth.

Ramalkan 3 kesan akibat dari pergerakan Bumi tersebut
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Answer:
i.
Day and night

The length of the shadow of an object changes
The position of the shadow of an object changes
ii.
iii.
7
A group of pupils built three models as shown in the diagram below.

Satu kumpuan murid membina tiga model seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam
gambarajah di bawah.
a)
Model
The number of books that can be supported
Model
Bilangan buku yang dapat ditampung
J
K
L
3
9
6
Predict the number of book that can be supported if the height of model used is between
model J and L
Ramalkan bilangan buku yang dapat ditampung jika ketinggian model yang digunakan
diantara mode J dan L
40
________________________________________________________________________
8. Diagram shows the positions of three planets from the Sun.

Gambarajah menunjukkan kedudukan tiga planet daripada Matahari
Table 1 shows the period for one complete movement of the planets around the Sun.
Jadual menunjukkan tempoh untuk satu pusingan lengkap planet-planet mengelilingi
matahari
Planet
Period for one complete movement (years)
Planet
Tempoh untuk satu pusingan lengkap (tahun)
X
2
Y
12
Z
84
(a) Planet S takes 76 years to make one complete round the Sun. Predict the
position of planet S.
_________________________________________________________________
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
SECTION B
BAHAGIAN B
THEME A: INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS
41
1. Diagram 2 shows the condition of two lumps of dough after one hour.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan keadaan dua kepalan doh selepas satu jam.
After one hour

Selepas satu jam
N
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
a) State one reason (inference) about the difference in the condition of dough M and N.
Nyatakan satu inferens tentang perbezaan antara keadaan doh M dan N.
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
b) Write one observation on the condition of dough M to support the answer in 1(a).
Tulis satu pemerhatian tentang keadaan doh M untuk menyokong jawapan di 1(a).
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
c) State
Nyatakan
i.
what is change (manipulated variable),

pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan,
________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
ii.
what is observed (responding variable)

pemoleh ubah bergerak balas.
________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
2. An investigation of three different animals is conducted by a pupil. Table 2shows the

observation of the pupil.
Seorang murid menjalankan penyiasatan ke atas tiga ekor haiwan yang berbeza. Jadual 2
menunjukkan pemerhatian murid itu.
Animal
Haiwan
Presence of energy
Kehadiran musuh
42
Reaction
Reaksi
Snail
Yes
Retracts into its shell
Siput babi
Ya
Sembunyi di adalm
cangkerangnya
Bee
Yes
Stings the enemy
Lebah
Ya
Menyengat musuhnya
Cat
None
None
Kucing
Tiada
Tiada
Table 2
Jadual 2
a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation?
_____________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
b) State two pieces of information gathered in this investigation.
Nyatakan dua maklumat yang dikumpul dalam penyiasatan.
1.________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
(2 mark / 2 markah)
c) Predict what will happen when a cat is threatened by its enemy.
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku apabila kucing diancam musuhnya.
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
d) What can you conclude from this investigation?
Apakah kesimpulan yang dapat kamu buat berdasarkan penyiasatan ini?
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
43
3.Diagram shows 3 glasses of the same size containing 100 ml of fresh milk P, Q, R kept in
3 different conditions overnight.
Rajah menunjukkan 3 biji gelas yang sama saiz diisi 100 ml
Susu segar P, Q, R diletakkan dalam tiga keadaan semalaman
OBSERVATION: R is still fresh but Q and P is

turn bad
PEMERHATIAN : R kekal segar tetapi Q
dan P telah rosak
(a) What is your inference based on the observation above?

Apakah inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian di atas ?
_________________________________________________
(1 mark )
(b) In this experiment, state the thing that is
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini,nyatakan tentang
(i)changed ( manipulated variable):

Diubah ( pembolehubah manipulasi):_____________________
(ii) observed (responding variable):

Diperhati (pembolehubah bergerakbalas):___________________
( 2 marks)
(d) What can you conclude from the experiment?

Apakah kesimpulan kamu daripada eksperimen ?
_________________________________________________
(1
mark)
44
THEME B :INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

1. Table 3 showa the result of an investigation when a screen is pulled away from an object that
casts a shadow on it.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan keputusan satu penyiasatan apabila skrin ditarik menjauhi suatu objek
yang menghasilkan bayang-bayang ke atasnya.
Distance between screen and object (cm)
Length of the shadow (cm
Jarak antara skrin dan objek (cm)
Panjang bayang-bayang (cm)
5
10
15
20
8
12
16
20
Table 3 / Jadual 3
a) What is the purpose (aim) ofthis investigation?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
b) State one variable that is kept the same (constant)?
Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
c) The length of shadow produced is 14 cm. Based on table 3, predict the distance
between the screen and the object.
Panjang bayang-bayang yang dihasilkan ialah 14 cm. Berdasarkan jadual 3,
ramalkan jarak antara skrin dan objek itu.
_________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
d) The size of a shadow is related to the distance of the light source from the object.
Based on the statement above, state one relationship (hypothesis) between the
variable that is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding).
Saiz bayang-bayang adalah berkait dengan jarak sumber cahaya dari objek.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pemboleh
ubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
45
2. Table 4 show the brightness of a bicycle lamp when three pupils ride the same bicycle one by
one. The bicycle lamp is attached to a dynamo.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan kecerahan lampu basikal apabila tiga orang murid menunggang
basikal yang sama seorang demi seorang. Lampu basikal itu dipasang pada dynamo.
Pupil
Speed of cycling
Brightness of the lamp
Murid
Laju tunggangan
Kecerahan lampu
Slow
Dim
Ah Chong
Lambat
Malap
Moderate
Bright
Ali
Sederhana
Cerah
Fast
Brightness
Cepat
Paling cerah
Mutu
Table 4
Jadual 4
a) What is the trend of change in the brightness of the lamp from Ah Chong to Mutu?
Apakah corak perubahan kecerahan lampu basikal dari Ah Chong ke Mutu?
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
b) State the relationship (hypotesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and the
variable that is observed (responding).
Nyatakan hubungan (hypotesis) antara pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah
bergerak balas.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
c) State one variable that was kept same (constant) in this investigation.
Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan dalam penyiasatan ini.
_________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
d) Predict what will happen if the bicycle lamp and dynamo are replaced with a lamp that uses
batteries.
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku jika lampu basikal dan dinamo diganti dengan lampu yang
menggunakan bateri.
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
46
6.00 pm
8.00 am
1.00 pm
3. Diagram above shows the shadows of a vertical pole in the middle of a field from 8.00am
to 6.00pm.
Rajah di atas menunjukkan bayang-bayang objek yang dicucuk
tegak di tengah padang daripada pukul 8.00am hingga 6.00pm
(a) State the trend in the changes of the shadows from

morning till afternoon.
Nyatakan corak perubahan bayang-bayang dari pagi hingga tengah hari
______________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(b) What is the purpose of this investigation ?

Apakah tujuan experimen dijalankan ?
______________________________________________________
(1 marks)
(c) State the relationship between to change and to
Measure from morning until afternoon.
Nyatakan hubungan diantara pembolehubah manipulasi dengan
pembolehubah bergerak bala dari pagi hingga tengah hari.
__________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(d) State the things :Nyatakan tentang :-
i.to change( manipulated variable)

Ditukar ( pembolehubah dimanipulasi) :___________________
ii.to kept same ( constant variable)

Ditetapkan (pembolehubah malar):______________________
(2 marks)
47
THEME C : INVESTIGATING MATERIALS

1. Four similar pieces of wet cloth, W, X, Y and Z , are placed on a table to dry. Each cloth
has a mass of 120 g. After one hour, the mass of each cloth is recorded as shown in Table 5.
Empat helai kain basah yang serupa, W, X, Y dan Z, dibiarkan di atas meja supaya menjadi kering.
Jisim setiap kain ialah 120 g. Selepas satu jam, jisim setiap kain itu direkodkan seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam jadual 5.
Cloth
How many times it is folded
Mass after 1 hour / g
Kain
Berapa kali ia dilipat
Jisim selepas 1 jam / g
W
X
Y
Z
4
3
2
1
115
110
105
100
Table 5 / Jadual 5
_________________________________________________________________________
_
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
b) State one piece of information gathered in this investigation.
Nyatakan satu maklumat yang dikumpul dalam penyiasatan in.
_________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________
_
(1 mark / 1 markah)
b) State one relationship (hypothesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and
the variable that is observed (responding).
Nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan
pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
c) Predict the mass of another similar cloth after one hour it is left on the table if it is not folded.
Ramalkan jisim kain lain yang serupa selepas satu jam dibiarkan di atas meja jika ia tidak dilipat.
_________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________
_
48
(1 mark / 1 markah)
2. Diagram 6 is a bar chart which shows the number of days preserved mangoes can last
according to the amount of sugar that is put into 200 ml of water. The sugar solution is used
to preserve the mangoes.
Rajah 6 ialah carta palang yang menunjukkan bilangan hari mangga yang diawet dapat bertahan
berdasarkan jumlah gula yang diletakkan ke dalam 200 ml air. Larutan gula itu digunakan untuk
mengawet mangga.
Number of day mangoes last

Bilangan hari mangga dapat bertahan
Amount of sugar spoon

Diagram 6
Jumlah gula (sudu)
Rajah 6
a) State
Nyatakan
i. what is changed (manipulated variable),

_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
ii. what is observed (responding variable).
______________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
b) State two other variables that are kept the same (constant).
Nyatakan dua pemboleh ubah lain yang dimalarkan.
1._______________________________________________________________________
2._______________________________________________________________________
49
(1 mark / 1 markah)
3.
.
Diagram above shows two pupils, P and Q who are watching the lighted bulbs through two
rubber pipes.
.Rajah di atas menunjukkan dua murid P dan Q yang melihat lampu yang menyala menggunakan dua
getah paip.
(a) Which of the pupils cannot see the lighted bulb?

Murid yang manakah tidak dapat melihat lampu menyala?
__________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(b) State 2 inferences for your answer in question 1(a).
Nyatakan 2 inferens berdasarkan jawapan kamu di 1 (a)
i._________________________________________________
ii._________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(c) What is your conclusion from this activity?
Berikan satu kesimpulan berdasarkan aktiviti ini?
_________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(d) What is other principle of light other than the above observation
Apakah sifat lain bagi cahaya berdasarkan pemerhatian di atas
_________________________________________________
(1 mark)
50
THEME D : INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
1. Table 7 shows the time taken by four planets to orbit the Sun.
Jadual 7 menunjukkan masa yang diambil empat buah planet untuk membuat satu peredaran
lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.
Planet
Time taken by planet to orbit the Sun / year
Planet
Masa yang diambil planet untuk membuat satu peredaran

lengkap mengelilingi Matahari / tahun
Jupiter
Musytari
11.9
Mars
Marikh
1.9
Venus
Zuhrah
0.6
Mercury
Utarid
0.2
Table 7 / Jadual 7
a)
State one reason (inference) about the difference in the time taken by planets Jupiter
And Mercury.
Nyatakan satu inferens tentang perbezaan antara masa yang diambil planet Musytari dan Utarid.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1markah)
b)
What is the trend of change in the time taken by the planets to orbit the Sun from
Jupiter to Mercury?
Apakah corak perubahan bagi masa yang diambil planet untuk membuat satu peredaran
lengkap mengelilingi Matahari dari Musytarike Utarid?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
c) Planet A takes 1 year to orbit the Sun. Based on Table 7, predict the location of planet A.
Planet A mengambil masa 1 tahun untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.
Berdasarkan Jadual 7, ramalkan kedudukan bagi planet A.
_______________________________________________________________________
51
_______________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
d) The time taken by a planet to orbit the Sun is related to the distance of the planet from
the Sun. Based on the statement above, state one relationship (hypotesis) between the
variable that is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding).
Masa yang diambil planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi
Matahari adalah berkait rapat dengan jarak planet itu dari Matahari.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pemboleh
ubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
2. Diagram 8 is a bar chart which shows the size of the Moon that can be seen from Earth on
different nights.
Rajah 8 ialah carta palang yang menunjukkan saiz Bulan yang dapat dilihat dari Bumi pada malammalam yang berlainan.
Size of the Moon

Saiz Bulan
Time / night
1st
Pertama
8th
Ke-8
15th
Ke-15
22nd
Ke-22
29th
Ke-29
Masa / malam
Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1markah)
b) State
Nyatakan
i. what changed (manipulated variable),
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
ii. what is observed (responding variable)
52

____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
c) State one variable that is that is kept the same (constant)

Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan.
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
THEME E : INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
1. Diagram 9 is a bar chat which shows the distance people age 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70
can walk before they get tired.
Rajah 9 ialah carta palang yang menunjukkan jarak orang berumur 30, 40, 50, 60 dan 70 dapat
berjalan sebelum menjadi letih.
Distance a persons can walk (km)

Jarak seseorang dapat berjalan (km)
Age / year
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
a)
i)
Umur / tahun
State
Nyatakan
what changed (manipulated variable),
__________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
ii)
what is observed (responding variable)

53
__________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
b)
State two variable that is that is kept the same (constant)

Nyatakan dua pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan.
1.________________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
2. Four planks of different lengths, M, N, O and P, are used to make a lever system. A
dictionary is used as a load while a bottle is used as the fulcrum. The distance between
the load and fulcrum is kept the same all times. The number of bricks needed to lift the
dictionary is recorded in Table 10.
Empat keeping papan dengan panjang yang berlainan, M, N, O dan P, dugunakan untuk
membuat satu sistem tuas. Sebuah kamus dijadikan beban manakala sebiji botol dijadikan
fulkrum. Jarak antara beban dan fulkrum dimalarkan sepanjang penyiasatan. Bilangan bata
yang
diperlukan untuk mengangkat kamus itu direkodkan dalam Jadual 10.
Plank
Papan
Length of plank (m)

Panjang papan (m)
M
N
O
P
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Number of bricks needed to lift the dictionary

Bilangan bata yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat
kamus
8
6
4
2
Table 10 / Jadual 10
a) What is the trend of change in the effort for planks M, N, O and P?

Apakah corak perubahan daya bagi papan-papan M, N, O and P?
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_
(1 mark / 1 markah)
b)
State one piece of information gathered in this investigation.

Nyatakan satu maklumat yang dikumpulkan dalam penyiasatan ini.
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_
(1 mark / 1 markah)
54
b)
The effect needed to lift a load is related to the distance between the fulcrum and the
effort. Based on the statement above , state one relationship (hypotesis) between the
variable thatn is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding).
Daya yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat beban adalah berkitan dengan jarak fulkrum dan daya.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pemboleh ubah
yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_
(1 mark / 1 markah)
c)
A plank of 2.25 m is used to make the lever system. Predict the number of bricks that
are
needed to lift the dictionary.
Sekeping papan dengan panjang 2.25.m digunakan untuk membuat sistem tuas itu. Ramalkan
bilangan bata yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat kamus itu.
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_
(1 mark / 1 markah)
3.
Ploughing techniques
Teknik membajak
Animal
Haiwan
Ploughing machine
Jentera membajak
Time taken
masa
2 weeks
2 minggu
2 days
2 hari
The information in Table above shows the ploughing time taken by a farmer to plough a
plot of land using two different techniques.
Pernyataan dalam jadual yang ditunjukkan di atas mengenai masa petani membajak sawah
menggunakan dua teknik yang berbeza.
(a)
What is the purpose of the activity?

Apakah tujuan tentang aktiviti ?
__________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(b)
State one thing that should be kept the same.

Nyatakan satu pembolehubah yang dimalarkan.
______________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(c)
State the thing that is

Nyatakan:-
55
(i) changed: ___________________________________

Pembolehubah manipulasi
(ii) measured: __________________________________

Pembolehubah bergerak balas
(2 marks)
(d) What can you conclude from above experiment?
Apakah kesimpulan berdasarkan eksperimen di atas?
__________________________________________________.
(1 mark)
56

Section B

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Section B

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

SPS (Science Process Skills):

KPS (Kemahiran Proses Sains):

In every experiment / investigation, you have to control three types of variables,namely:

~ manipulated variable( what to change )

~ responding variable ( what to observe/measure)

~ constant variables (what to keep the same )

So that you get the experiment or investigation is reliable and fair.

How to tackle the questions related to the SPS?

If you want to make the test fair,

List out all

1.Things to keep the same:

Sample Questions and Answers

(Suhu air 30C)

(Suhu air 50C)

(Suhu air 70C)

The table below shows the result of the experiment.

Time taken for ice cube to melt/s

State the things to :

What to change(manipulated variable)

What to measure(responding variable)

Time taken for ice cube to melts

What to keep the same(constant variable)

Size of ice cube/quantity of water

Figure 1 shows a fair test carried out by a Year Four pupil.

At the beginning of investigation

State the following:

What to keep the same(constant variable)

What to change(manipulated variable)

What to measure(responding variable)

Number of new leaves

Based on the table,state the following:

What to keep the same(constant variable)

What to change(manipulated variable)

What to measure(responding variable)

The colour changes of litmus paper

Red litmus paper

Blue litmus paper

Kertas litmus merah

Kertas litmus biru

What to keep the same(constant variable)

What to change(manipulated variable)

What to measure(responding variable)

Distance from the Sun

Time taken to complete the

Jarak dari Matahari

Masa yang diambil untuk satu

What to keep the same(constant variable)

What to change(manipulated variable)

What to measure(responding variable)

Bilangan kiub ais

State the followings :

INFERENCE / GIVE REASON

Key points when making inference:

OBSERVATION TO CONFIRM/SUPPORT THE INFERENCE / REASON

Key points when making inference:

Table 1 shows the result of the investigation.

Distance traveled (m)

Jarak pergerakan (m)

1. The toy car Y has less friction than toy car X.

2. The weight of toy car Y and X is different.

1. The tyre of the toy car Y has worn out/ bald

Fendi investigates the change of state of liquid X.

State one observation to support the inference in (a).