a re ETT re Tetra Lt} ® Eric H. Glendinning YY Norman GlendinningOxford English for Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Eric H. Glendinning Norman Glendinning, C Eng, MIMechE Heilige Geeststraat 192 Oxford University | pigeon Press Belgium Tebfax 016 239096 Oxford University PressOxford University Press Walton Street. Oxiord OX2 6DP Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Calcutta Cape Town Dares Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore ‘Taipel Tokyo ‘Toronto ‘and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Orford and Oxford English are trade marks of Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19457392 3 © Ostord University Press 1995, First published 1995, Secon impression 1995 No unauthorized photocopying Allrights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, oF transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic mechanical, photocopying. recording or etherwise: wethout the por wren permission of xk iniversity Press. ‘This book i sold subject tothe condition that it shall nat, by way of trade oF otherwise. be lent. eld hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or over other than that in which tis published and ‘without a similar condition including tis condition beingimposed on the subsequent purchaser. ‘The publisher and authors of Oxford English for Computing. Oxford English or Electronics, and Oxford English for Electrica and Mechanical Engineering Would Liketothank the teachers and students ofthe following institutions fr their advice and assistance Inthe preparation ofthese books: aly IsttutiTecnict Industrial: ‘Aldini-Valeriani, Bologna ‘Avagado, Turin Bellu, Bologna Benedetto Castell, Brescia Conti Milan de Preto, Schio Enganco, Este Fermi Rome eri, Naples Fermi, Vicenza Perrari, Turin Gastal, Genoa Giordani, Naples Giorgi, Milan Giorgi Rome Hensemberger. Monza Leonardo da Vind. Florence Marconi, Verona Miano. San Giorgio. Naples Pacocapa. Bergamo Panett, Bart Pasolini. Milan Peano, Turin San Felipo Neri, Rome ‘Zaccainle, Mestre Isttut Professional: ‘Case, Siena Gini, Florence Galleo Galle. Turin Galvani, Milan Istituto Tecnico Commerciale Lorgna, Verona France cole Nationale du Commerce, Paris Lycée Bouchardon, Chaumont Lycée Monge. Chambery Lycée du Dauphine, Romans Lycée Téchnologique Industriel, Valence “The publisher and authors would like tothank the following for their kind permission to use articles, extracts, or adaptations from copyright material. very effort has been made to trace the owners of ‘copyright material in this book, but we should be pleased to hear from any copyright owner whom we have been unable to contact in order to rectify any errors or omissions. Collins CDT GCSE: Technology by M Horsley and P Fowler. Collins Educational. an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers Limited Fraba Limited, Livingston “The following articles were all taken from The Education Guardian © The Guardian: ectric motor by Helen Davies, 20 April 1993 ‘Central heating’ by | Harker. 8 December 1992 Fridge" by H Birch, 30 April 1991 Hlectronic sales by H Birch, 10 December 1991 "Wave power’ by H Davies, 3 November 1993 “Road breaker’ by H Birch, 24 September 1991 Disk brakes’ by R Leedham, 16 March 1993 “Magnetic levitation train’ by H Birch, 7 July 1992 "Air Film Material Handling Systems’ Aerotilm ‘Systems, The Netherlands Design tools for speed and quality’ by John Fos, Professional Engineering. June 1993. The adaptation “ofthis article is reproduced by permission of the Council ofthe Institution of Mechanical Engineers London. UK. “Beating the fre risk with water-based hydraulics’ by PTweedale. Professional Engineering, November 1993. The adaptation ofthis article is reproduced by permission of the Council ofthe Institution of, Mechanical Engineers, London. UK. ‘On the make’ by Judith Massey, Personal Computer ‘Magazine, August 1992 “Types of corrosion. how itoccurs and what to look foe, Design Engineering, June 1991 Working at alight engineering plant (people at work) by ‘TMay. Wayland (Publishers) Limited 1982 ‘The publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce illustrations: Computer Shopper: Computervision: The Eeation ‘Guardian: Engineering News: Technology Basic Facts by Chapman, MHorsley & ESmall. HarperCollins Publishers Tid: Volkswagen UK Lid ‘The publishers would like to thank the allowing for their permission to reproduce photographs: British Aerospace: Derek Cattani: DataTech Ltd; The Engineering Council: The Engineering Training Authority: Graduates to Industry Intelligence ‘Systems: Marconi: Peugeot Talbot: Lucy Porter; Rolls-Royce; Salter Houseware: The Science Photo Library Scotish Power; Sport for TV: The Telegraph CColout Library; Volkswagen UK Lid ‘Typeset in Monotype Photina and Univers Printed in talyTechnical contents Page 10 15 21 26 31 36 42 46 50 55 58 65 72 79 84 91 98 106 112 116 123 128 137 140 146 152 157 165 169 Unit Topic Engineering Courses Materials Mechanisms Forces Electric motor Student Central heating Safety at work Young engineer Washing machine Racing bicycle Lasers Technician Refrigerator Scales Portable generator Road breaker Disc brakes Staff engineer Lawn-mower Corrosion Maglev train CAD designer Supercar Graphs Waste recycling Robotics Careers Applying for a job Technical syllabus General General Engineering materials ‘Mechanisms, Cams Statics and Dynamics Electrotechnology Electrical Automatic systems General General. Engineering design Automatic systems, Transducers ‘Mechanics, Gear systems ‘Mechanical technology Robotics, General Fluid mechanics Automatic systems, Strain gauges Electrotechnology. Power generation Pneumatics Hydraulics General. Process control Engineering design Mechanical technology. Corrosion Electrical machines, Motor selection cab General General Technical plant Robotics, Stepper motors General General, Company structureContents Page Unit 1 lo. 10 nu 12 13 B 14 Unit 2 15 15 Unit 4 26 Unit 5 31 Engineering - what's it all about? Tuning-in Reading Introduction Language study deals/is concerned with Word study Word stress Writing Listening Choosing a course Tuning-in Reading Having a purpose Writing Letter writing. 1: requesting information Engineering materials ‘Tuning-in Reading Scanning tables Language study Making definitions Writing Adding information to a text Mechanisms Tuning-in Reading Scanning a text Writing Ways of linking ideas, 1 Language study Dealing with technical terms Speaking practice Forces in engineering Tuning-in Reading 1 Predicting Reading 2 Grammar links in texts Language study The present passive Listening Listening to lecturesUnit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 Page 36 36 36 39 39 41 46 46 46 48 49 50 50 PF a Be 62 63 The electric motor Tuning-in Reading kimming Language study Describing function Writing Describing components Word study An engineering student Tuning-in Listening Writing Comparing and contrasting Central heating Tuning-in Reading Predicting Language study Time clauses Word study Safety at work Tuning-in Reading Understanding the writer's purpose Language study Making safety rules Writing Ways of linking ideas, 2 Young engineer ‘Tuning-in Listening Writing Describing and explaining Speaking practice Washing machine Tunit in Reading Reading diagrams mtences Language study —_If/Unless s Writing Explaining a diagramUnit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Page 65 65 67 68 68 69 70 79 81 81 82 Racing bicycle Tuning-in Reading Language study Writing Word study Speaking practice Technical reading Lasers Tuning-in Reading Language study Word study Writing ‘Technical reading Automation techn ‘Tuning-in Listening Speaking practice Refrigerator ‘Tuning-in Reading Language study Word study Writing Scales Tuning-in Reading 1 Reading 2 Language study Technical reading Prediction Describing reasons Describing contrast Properties of materials Gear systems used to/for Noun + noun compounds Describing a process, 1: sequence Laser cutting Talking about specifications Dealing with unfamiliar words, 1 Principles and laws Verbs and related nouns Describing a process, 2: location Meaning from context Comparing sources Cause and effect. 1 Strain gaugesPage Unit17 91 on 91. 93 94 94 98 98 98 101 103 103 105 Uni 106 106 107 108 108 109 110 Unit 20 112 12 14 4 Unit 21 116 116 118 119 119 120 121 122 Portable generator ‘Tuning-in Reading Reading diagrams Language study Cause and effect. 2 Word study Verbs with -ize/-ise Writing Describing a process, 3: sequence and location Technical reading Wave power Road breaker Tuning-in Reading Language study Allow and prevent links Writing Explaining an operation ‘echnical reading Air skates Speaking practice Disc brakes ‘Tuning-in Reading Combining skills Language study Verbs Word study Verbs with up and down -en Writing Explaining an operation ‘Technical reading Water-based hydraulics Staff engineer ‘Tuning-in Listening Language study Verbs with on and off Lawn-mower Tuning-in Reading 1 Predicting Reading 2 Grammar link Language study Describing functions Word study Noun + noun, 2: function Writing Description and explanation Speaking practice Explaining functionUnit 22 Unit 23 Unit 27 Page 123 123 124 125 126 126 128 128 129 130 131 133 134 137 137 137 138 140 140 142 144 145 146 146 147 149 149 Corrosion ‘Tuning-in Reading Skimming Language study Cause and effect, 3 Speaking practice Exchanging information ‘Technical reading Corrosion of materials Maglev train Tuning-in Reading 1 Inferring Reading 2 Dealing with unfamiliar words, 2 nguage study Prediction Writing Explanations ‘Technical reading Motor selection: operating environment Computer led Design (CAD) ‘Tuning-in Listening Language study Necessity: have to and need (to) Supercar Tuning-in Reading Predicting: using first sentences Language study Certainty Writing Summaries Graphs Tuning-in Language study Describing graphs Word study Common verbs in engineering Writing Describing a graph Technical reading Properties and applications of carbon steels Waste recycling plant ‘Tuning-in Reading Transferring information, making notes Language study Possibility: ean and could Writing Describing a process, 4: reason and methodUnit 28 Unit 29 Unit 30 157 157 159 162 163 165 165 167 168 168 169 169 169 172 Robotics Tuning-in Reading 1 Revising skills Reading 2 Transferring information Language study Concession: even if and although Technical reading Stepper motors Careers in engineering ‘Tuning-in Inferring Speaking practice Role play Listening, Inferring Applying for a job ‘Tuning-in Reading Understanding job advertisements Speaking practice Role play Writing Writing a CV and letter of application ‘Technical reading Company structure StudentA Speaking practice StudentB Speaking practice Glossary of engineering terms1 Engineering — what's it all about? Tuning-in Task 1 List the main branches of engineering. Combine your list with others in your group. Then read this text to find out how many of the branches listed are mentioned. Engineering is largely a practical activity. Itis about putting ideas into action. Civil engineering is concerned with making bridges, roads, airports, etc. Mechanical engineering deals with the design and manufacture of tools and machines. Electrical engineering is about 5 the generation and distribution of electricity and its many applications. Electronic engineering is concerned with developing ‘components and equipment for communications, computing, and so on. Mechanical engineering includes marine, automobile, aeronautical, 10 heating and ventilating, and others. Electrical engineering includes electricity generating, electrical installation, lighting, etc. Mining and medical engineering belong partly to mechanical and partly to electrical. Task2 Complete the blanks in this diagram using information from the text. Engineering Automobile Aeronautical + Electricity Electr se _— . installation 2 Me ilReading Introduction In your study and work, it isimportant to think about what you are going to read before you read. This helps you to link old and new knowledge and to make guesses about the meaning of the text. Itis also important to have a clear purpose so that you choose the best way to read. In this book, you will find tasks to make you think before you read and tasks to help you to havea clear purpose when you read. Task 3 Study these illustrations. They show some of the areas in which engineers work. Can you identify them? What kinds of engineers are concerned with these areas - electrical, mechanical, or both? Task4a Now read the following texts to check your answers to Task 3, Match each text to one of the illustrations above.Task 5 CeNoupune Transport: Cars, trains, ships, and planes are all products of mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineers are also involved in ‘support services such as roads, rail track, harbours, and bridges. Food processing: Mechanical engineers design, develop, and make 5 the machines and the processing equipment for harvesting, preparing and preserving the foods and drinks that fill the supermarkets. Medical engineering: Body scanners, X-ray machines, life-support systems, and other high tech equipment result from mechanical and electrical engineers combining with medical experts to convert ideas 10 into life-saving and life-preserving products. Building services: Electrical engineers provide all the services we need in our homes and places of work, including lighting, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, refrigeration, and lifts. Energy and power: Electrical engineers are concerned with the 15 production and distribution of electricity to homes, offices, industry, hospitals, colleges and schools, and the installation and maintenance. of the equipment involved in these processes. ‘Source: Adapted from Turning ideas into action, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, ‘and Engineering a Career, Institution of Electronics and Electrical incorporated Engineers. Language study deals/is concerned with What is the link between column A and column B? A B mechanical machines electrical electricity Column A lists a branch of engineering or a type of engineer. Column B lists things they are concerned with. We can show the link between them in a number of ways: Mechanical engineering deals with machines. Mechanical engineers deal with machines. ‘Mechanical engineering is concerned with machines. Mechanical engineers are concerned with machines. ‘Machines are the concern of mechanical engineers. wren Match each item in column A with an appropriate item from column B and link the two in a sentence. A B marine a air-conditioning aeronautical broads and bridges heating and ventilating body scanners electricity generating cables and switchgear automobile € communications and equipment civil f ships electronic g& planes electrical installation hh cars and trucks medical i power stations 13Word study Word stress Words are divided into syllables. For example: engine engine engineer en.gin.eer engineering en.gin.eer.ing Each syllable is pronounced separately, but normally only one syllabl stressed. That means it is said more slowly and clearly than the other syllables. We say ‘engine but engin'eer. A good dictionary will show the stressed syllables. Task6 Hi Listen to these words. Try to mark the stressed syllables. machinery mechanical machine install installation electricity electrical electronics aeronautical ventilation Som TaukwNe Writing Fill in the gaps in the following description of the different branches of engineering using information from this diagram and language you have studied in this unit. Engineering a sa | civil Mechanical ————___________ Electrical Electronic i} T T Marine Automobile Aeronautical Electrical Lighting Installation Mining Medical 14Tasks Task9 ay ‘The main branches of engineering are civil, ' 5 and electronic. Mechanical engineering is - machinery ofall kinds. This branch of engineering includes * - automobile, . . and heating and ventilating. The first three are concerned with transport: ” -cars and planes. The last © with air- conditioning, refrigeration, etc. Electrical engineering deals with” from generation to use. Electricity generating is concerned with "” stations. Electrical installation deals "' cables, switchgear, and connecting up electrical equipment. ‘Two branches of engineering include both '* and"? engineers. These are mining and ___ engineering. The former deals hospital '* ofall with mines and mining equipment, the latter wi kinds. Listening Listen to these short extracts. To which branch of engineering do these engineers belong? Listen again. This time note the words which helped you decide on your answers. 15