1

1:
- .
:


.
:

. 1.
To
. R2 R1
. C1
C2 . :
C1 .
, .
C1 . R2<<R1 o C2
R2 ~R2C2 . C2
. C1 C2
R1 (C1+C2)R1.
. L1 L2

.
:
Tcr 2-3R2C2
,
:
q 0.7R1C1

:
=C1/(C1+C2),
=C1R1/[(C1+C2)(R1+R2)]
R1 ..

-

C1 =
C2 =
R1 =
R2 =
:
Tcr (2 3) R2 C 2 =
Tq 0.7 R1C1 =
:
=

C1
C1 + C 2

C1 =
C2 =
R1 =
R2 =
:
Tcr (2 3) R2 C 2 =
Tq 0.7 R1C1 =
:
=

C1
C1 + C 2

.

-.
.

(

).

.
U
n P=n/N
U.
U , P
. P=(U)
P-U
.4.,
. U50%
P=50%,
U50%.
P(U)
(Gauss)
P (U ) =

1
2

(U U 50% ) 2
2 2

dU

.4. .

(Gauss).
, U50% .
U50%
, PiUi
P(U).

P(U).
(. 5.) P

100
P=
2

x2
2

dx

,
.

. 5.

( ) Pi-Ui,
. ,
, .
4 5 Pi-Ui
. .5.,
, U50%
Pi-Ui P50% - U50% ,

, Pi-Ui
P0%-U0% P100%-U100% .
,
c=(/ U50%)100% ,
U50%.

Pi-Ui.
,
U50% ,
,
.
U50% ,
U50%
.
P50% - U50% , Pi-Ui
P50% - U50%
i i= U50%-U16%. i
i
ni

Pi-Ui Pi
Pi-Ui. wi
Pi .6.

K

i =1
K

i =1

n i w i

niwi

.6. wi .

U50% :
Pi-Ui
,

U50% i U50% .
U50% U50% i
U50% i yi
ni
Pi-Ui Pi
Pi-Ui. yi .
U50%
K

V50 =

n y V
i =1
K

n y
i =1

50 i

.7. yi .
U50%
U50% .

U50% , .
.

IEC 60-1

50 Hz

U1% 60 s

U3% >60 s
r.m.s < 5% r.m.s 50 Hz
1

1.2/50s

U3%
t130% t1~1.7(t30%t90%)
t220%

U3%

t120%
250/2500s

t260%
U IEC 70-1
.

.

.


.
,
.
,
kd
kh.

< 1-2 m :
kd=(P/P0)/(T/T0)

.
Kh
(.2)
kh=1/(1+(H-H0)/100Kd)

. 2. Kh

:
200C, 11gr/m3 760mmHg.

9

.

. 3. -